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Arthur Wingfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences in Hearing Acuity among normal Hearing young adults modulate the neural basis for speech comprehension
eNeuro, 2018Co-Authors: Arthur Wingfield, Ethan Kotloff, Murray Grossman, Jonathan E PeelleAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we investigate how subtle differences in Hearing Acuity affect the neural systems supporting speech processing in young adults. Auditory sentence comprehension requires perceiving a complex acoustic signal and performing linguistic operations to extract the correct meaning. We used functional MRI to monitor human brain activity while adults aged 18–41 years listened to spoken sentences. The sentences varied in their level of syntactic processing demands, containing either a subject-relative or object-relative center-embedded clause. All participants self-reported normal Hearing, confirmed by audiometric testing, with some variation within a clinically normal range. We found that participants showed activity related to sentence processing in a left-lateralized frontotemporal network. Although accuracy was generally high, participants still made some errors, which were associated with increased activity in bilateral cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal attention networks. A whole-brain regression analysis revealed that activity in a right anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG) component of the frontoparietal attention network was related to individual differences in Hearing Acuity, such that listeners with poorer Hearing showed greater recruitment of this region when successfully understanding a sentence. The activity in right aMFGs for listeners with poor Hearing did not differ as a function of sentence type, suggesting a general mechanism that is independent of linguistic processing demands. Our results suggest that even modest variations in Hearing ability impact the systems supporting auditory speech comprehension, and that auditory sentence comprehension entails the coordination of a left perisylvian network that is sensitive to linguistic variation with an executive attention network that responds to acoustic challenge.
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the two sides of sensory cognitive interactions effects of age Hearing Acuity and working memory span on sentence comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
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The Two Sides of Sensory–Cognitive Interactions: Effects of Age, Hearing Acuity, and Working Memory Span on Sentence Comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
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cognitive aging and Hearing Acuity modeling spoken language comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Arthur Wingfield, Nicole M Amichetti, Amanda LashAbstract:The comprehension of spoken language has been characterized by a number of “local” theories that have focused on specific aspects of the task: models of word recognition, models of selective attention, accounts of thematic role assignment at the sentence level, and so forth. The ease of language understanding (ELU) model (Ronnberg et al., 2013) stands as one of the few attempts to offer a fully encompassing framework for language understanding. In this paper we discuss interactions between perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive factors in spoken language understanding. Central to our presentation is an examination of aspects of the ELU model that apply especially to spoken language comprehension in adult aging, where speed of processing, working memory capacity, and Hearing Acuity are often compromised. We discuss, in relation to the ELU model, conceptions of working memory and its capacity limitations, the use of linguistic context to aid in speech recognition and the importance of inhibitory control, and language comprehension at the sentence level. Throughout this paper we offer a constructive look at the ELU model; where it is strong and where there are gaps to be filled.
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expectation and entropy in spoken word recognition effects of age and Hearing Acuity
Experimental Aging Research, 2013Co-Authors: Amanda Lash, Chad S Rogers, Amy Zoller, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Background/Study Context: Older adults, especially those with reduced Hearing Acuity, can make good use of linguistic context in word recognition. Less is known about the effects of the weighted distribution of probable target and nontarget words that fit the sentence context (response entropy). The present study examined the effects of age, Hearing Acuity, linguistic context, and response entropy on spoken word recognition. Methods: Participants were 18 older adults with good Hearing Acuity (M age = 74.3 years), 18 older adults with mild-to-moderate Hearing loss (M age = 76.1 years), and 18 young adults with age-normal Hearing (M age = 19.6 years). Participants heard sentence-final words using a word-onset gating paradigm, in which words were heard with increasing amounts of onset information until they could be correctly identified. Degrees of context varied from a neutral context to a high context condition. Results: Older adults with poor Hearing Acuity required a greater amount of word onset informat...
Jonathan E Peelle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences in Hearing Acuity among normal Hearing young adults modulate the neural basis for speech comprehension
eNeuro, 2018Co-Authors: Arthur Wingfield, Ethan Kotloff, Murray Grossman, Jonathan E PeelleAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we investigate how subtle differences in Hearing Acuity affect the neural systems supporting speech processing in young adults. Auditory sentence comprehension requires perceiving a complex acoustic signal and performing linguistic operations to extract the correct meaning. We used functional MRI to monitor human brain activity while adults aged 18–41 years listened to spoken sentences. The sentences varied in their level of syntactic processing demands, containing either a subject-relative or object-relative center-embedded clause. All participants self-reported normal Hearing, confirmed by audiometric testing, with some variation within a clinically normal range. We found that participants showed activity related to sentence processing in a left-lateralized frontotemporal network. Although accuracy was generally high, participants still made some errors, which were associated with increased activity in bilateral cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal attention networks. A whole-brain regression analysis revealed that activity in a right anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG) component of the frontoparietal attention network was related to individual differences in Hearing Acuity, such that listeners with poorer Hearing showed greater recruitment of this region when successfully understanding a sentence. The activity in right aMFGs for listeners with poor Hearing did not differ as a function of sentence type, suggesting a general mechanism that is independent of linguistic processing demands. Our results suggest that even modest variations in Hearing ability impact the systems supporting auditory speech comprehension, and that auditory sentence comprehension entails the coordination of a left perisylvian network that is sensitive to linguistic variation with an executive attention network that responds to acoustic challenge.
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the two sides of sensory cognitive interactions effects of age Hearing Acuity and working memory span on sentence comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
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The Two Sides of Sensory–Cognitive Interactions: Effects of Age, Hearing Acuity, and Working Memory Span on Sentence Comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
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effects of adult aging and Hearing loss on comprehension of rapid speech varying in syntactic complexity
Journal of The American Academy of Audiology, 2006Co-Authors: Arthur Wingfield, Sandra L Mccoy, Jonathan E PeelleAbstract:Comprehension of spoken language by older adults depends not only on effects of Hearing Acuity and age-related cognitive change but also on characteristics of the message, such as syntactic complexity and presentation rate. When younger and older adults with clinically normal Hearing and with mild-to-moderate Hearing loss were tested on comprehension of short spoken sentences that varied in syntactic complexity, minimal effects of age and Hearing were seen in comprehension of syntactically simpler sentences, even at rapid speech rates. By contrast, both age and Hearing loss were associated with poorer comprehension for more syntactically complex sentences, and these differences were further exacerbated by increases in speech rate. These findings illustrate a dynamic interaction between age, Hearing Acuity, and characteristics of the spoken message on speech comprehension.
Murray Grossman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences in Hearing Acuity among normal Hearing young adults modulate the neural basis for speech comprehension
eNeuro, 2018Co-Authors: Arthur Wingfield, Ethan Kotloff, Murray Grossman, Jonathan E PeelleAbstract:Abstract In this paper, we investigate how subtle differences in Hearing Acuity affect the neural systems supporting speech processing in young adults. Auditory sentence comprehension requires perceiving a complex acoustic signal and performing linguistic operations to extract the correct meaning. We used functional MRI to monitor human brain activity while adults aged 18–41 years listened to spoken sentences. The sentences varied in their level of syntactic processing demands, containing either a subject-relative or object-relative center-embedded clause. All participants self-reported normal Hearing, confirmed by audiometric testing, with some variation within a clinically normal range. We found that participants showed activity related to sentence processing in a left-lateralized frontotemporal network. Although accuracy was generally high, participants still made some errors, which were associated with increased activity in bilateral cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal attention networks. A whole-brain regression analysis revealed that activity in a right anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG) component of the frontoparietal attention network was related to individual differences in Hearing Acuity, such that listeners with poorer Hearing showed greater recruitment of this region when successfully understanding a sentence. The activity in right aMFGs for listeners with poor Hearing did not differ as a function of sentence type, suggesting a general mechanism that is independent of linguistic processing demands. Our results suggest that even modest variations in Hearing ability impact the systems supporting auditory speech comprehension, and that auditory sentence comprehension entails the coordination of a left perisylvian network that is sensitive to linguistic variation with an executive attention network that responds to acoustic challenge.
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the two sides of sensory cognitive interactions effects of age Hearing Acuity and working memory span on sentence comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
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The Two Sides of Sensory–Cognitive Interactions: Effects of Age, Hearing Acuity, and Working Memory Span on Sentence Comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
Renee Decaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the two sides of sensory cognitive interactions effects of age Hearing Acuity and working memory span on sentence comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
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The Two Sides of Sensory–Cognitive Interactions: Effects of Age, Hearing Acuity, and Working Memory Span on Sentence Comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Renee Decaro, Jonathan E Peelle, Murray Grossman, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Reduced Hearing Acuity is among the most prevalent of chronic medical conditions among older adults. An experiment is reported in which comprehension of spoken sentences was tested for older adults with good Hearing Acuity or with a mild-to-moderate Hearing loss, and young adults with age-normal Hearing. Comprehension was measured by participants’ ability to determine of the agent of an action in sentences that expressed this relation with a syntactically less complex subject-relative construction or a syntactically more complex object-relative construction. Agency determination was further challenged by inserting a prepositional phrase into sentences between the person performing an action and the action being performed. As a control, prepositional phrases of equivalent length were also inserted into sentences in a non-disruptive position. Effects on sentence comprehension of age, Hearing Acuity, prepositional phrase placement and sound level of stimulus presentations appeared only for comprehension of sentences with the more syntactically complex object-relative structures. Working memory as tested by reading span scores accounted for a significant amount of the variance in comprehension accuracy. Once working memory capacity and Hearing Acuity were taken into account, chronological age among the older adults contributed no further variance to comprehension accuracy. Results are discussed in terms of the positive and negative effects of sensory-cognitive interactions in comprehension of spoken sentences and lend support to a framework in which domain-general executive resources, notably verbal working memory, play a role in both linguistic and perceptual processing.
Amanda Lash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cognitive aging and Hearing Acuity modeling spoken language comprehension
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Arthur Wingfield, Nicole M Amichetti, Amanda LashAbstract:The comprehension of spoken language has been characterized by a number of “local” theories that have focused on specific aspects of the task: models of word recognition, models of selective attention, accounts of thematic role assignment at the sentence level, and so forth. The ease of language understanding (ELU) model (Ronnberg et al., 2013) stands as one of the few attempts to offer a fully encompassing framework for language understanding. In this paper we discuss interactions between perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive factors in spoken language understanding. Central to our presentation is an examination of aspects of the ELU model that apply especially to spoken language comprehension in adult aging, where speed of processing, working memory capacity, and Hearing Acuity are often compromised. We discuss, in relation to the ELU model, conceptions of working memory and its capacity limitations, the use of linguistic context to aid in speech recognition and the importance of inhibitory control, and language comprehension at the sentence level. Throughout this paper we offer a constructive look at the ELU model; where it is strong and where there are gaps to be filled.
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expectation and entropy in spoken word recognition effects of age and Hearing Acuity
Experimental Aging Research, 2013Co-Authors: Amanda Lash, Chad S Rogers, Amy Zoller, Arthur WingfieldAbstract:Background/Study Context: Older adults, especially those with reduced Hearing Acuity, can make good use of linguistic context in word recognition. Less is known about the effects of the weighted distribution of probable target and nontarget words that fit the sentence context (response entropy). The present study examined the effects of age, Hearing Acuity, linguistic context, and response entropy on spoken word recognition. Methods: Participants were 18 older adults with good Hearing Acuity (M age = 74.3 years), 18 older adults with mild-to-moderate Hearing loss (M age = 76.1 years), and 18 young adults with age-normal Hearing (M age = 19.6 years). Participants heard sentence-final words using a word-onset gating paradigm, in which words were heard with increasing amounts of onset information until they could be correctly identified. Degrees of context varied from a neutral context to a high context condition. Results: Older adults with poor Hearing Acuity required a greater amount of word onset informat...
