The Experts below are selected from a list of 16755 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lang Ming Chi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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heparin and heparan sulfate bind to snake cardiotoxin sulfated oligosaccharides as a potential target for cardiotoxin action
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997Co-Authors: Himatkumar V Patel, Alka A Vyas, Kavita A Vyas, Yi Shiuan Liu, Chienmin Chiang, Lang Ming ChiAbstract:Cardiotoxins (CTXs) from cobra venom show cytotoxicity toward several cell types. They cause systolic Heart Arrest and severe tissue necrosis. Their interaction with phospholipids is established but by itself fails to explain the specificity of these toxins; other component(s) of membrane must, therefore, intervene to direct them toward their target. We herein show, for the first time, that sulfated glycosaminoglycans, heparin, heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and dermatan sulfate (DS), interact with CTX A3, a major component of Taiwan cobra venom, by use of affinity chromatography, circular dichroism, absorbance, and fluorescence intensity and anisotropy measurements. The relative strength of binding, determined by the NaCl concentration required to dissociate the CTX-glycosaminoglycan complex, varied as follows: heparin > DS > CS > HS. In physiological buffer (8 mM Na2HPO4, 2.7 mM KCl, 1.8 mM KH2PO4, 138 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), however, only heparin and HS bound to CTX, with respective dissociation constants of 1.4 and 16 microM, while CS and DS failed to exhibit well defined binding behavior, as indicated by fluorescence measurements. We estimate that CTX makes 3-4 ionic contacts with heparin based on a salt-dependent binding study and that approximately 40% of binding free energy is derived from purely electrostatic interactions under physiological conditions. Sulfated pentasaccharide may be sufficient to bind to CTX. We also found that heparin accentuates the penetration of CTX into phospholipid membranes as analyzed by Langmuir monolayer measurement. In view of these results we propose that heparin-like moieties of the cell surface may modulate the action of CTX.
Stephen J Brett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systematic review of quality of life and other patient centred outcomes after cardiac Arrest survival
Resuscitation, 2011Co-Authors: Vanessa J Elliott, David L Rodgers, Stephen J BrettAbstract:Abstract Objectives In cardiac Arrest patients (in hospital and pre hospital) does resuscitation produce a good Quality of Life (QoL) for survivors after discharge from the hospital? Methods Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Academic Search Premier, the Central Database of Controlled Trials and the American Heart Association (AHA) Resuscitation Endnote Library were searched using the terms (‘Cardiac Arrest’ (Mesh) OR ‘Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation’ (Mesh) OR ‘Heart Arrest’ (Mesh)) AND (‘Outcomes’ OR ‘Quality of Life’ OR ‘Depression’ OR ‘Post-traumatic Stress Disorder’ OR ‘Anxiety OR ‘Cognitive Function’ OR ‘Participation’ OR ‘Social Function’ OR ‘Health Utilities Index’ OR ‘SF-36’ OR ‘EQ-5D’ as text term. Results There were 9 inception (prospective) cohort studies (LOE P1), 3 follow up of untreated control groups in randomised control trials (LOE P2), 11 retrospective cohort studies (LOE P3) and 47 case series (LOE P4). 46 of the studies were supportive with respect to the search question, 17 neutral and 7 negative. Discussion The majority of studies concluded that QoL after cardiac Arrest is good. This review demonstrated a remarkable heterogeneity of methodology amongst studies assessing QoL in cardiac Arrest survivors. There is a requirement for consensus development with regard to quality of life and patient centred outcome assessment in this population.
Jehung Kuo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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role of heparan sulfates and glycosphingolipids in the pore formation of basic polypeptides of cobra cardiotoxin
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Siucin Tjong, Jehung KuoAbstract:Cobra venom contains cardiotoxins (CTXs) that induce tissue necrosis and systolic Heart Arrest in bitten victims. CTX-induced membrane pore formation is one of the major mechanisms responsible for the venom’s designated cytotoxicity. This chapter examines how glycoconjugates such as heparan sulfates (HS) and glycosphingolipids, located respectively in the extracellular matrix and lipid bilayers of the cell membranes, facilitate CTX pore formation. Evidences for HS-facilitated cell surface retention and glycosphingolipid-facilitated membrane bilayer insertion of CTX are reviewed. We suggest that similar physical steps could play a role in the mediation of other pore forming toxins (PFT). The membrane pores formed by PFT are expected to have limited lifetime on biological cell surface as a result of membrane dynamics during endocytosis and/or rearrangement of lipid rafts.
N Mark A Estes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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improving survival from sudden cardiac Arrest the role of the automated external defibrillator
JAMA, 2001Co-Authors: John P Marenco, Paul J Wang, Mark S Link, Munther K Homoud, N Mark A EstesAbstract:Context Sudden cardiac death is a major public health problem in the United States, and improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac Arrest has been the subject of intense study. Early defibrillation has been shown to be critical to improving survival. Use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has become an important component of emergency medical systems, and recent advances in AED technology have allowed expansion of AED use to nontraditional first responders and the lay public. Objectives To examine advancements in AED technology, review the impact of AEDs on time to defibrillation and survival, and explore the future role of AEDs in the effort to improve survival following sudden cardiac Arrest. Data sources MEDLINE was searched for articles from 1966 through December 2000 (Medical Subject Headings: electric countershock, Heart Arrest, resuscitation, emergency medical services; keywords: automatic external defibrillator, automated external defibrillator, public access defibrillation). Reference lists of relevant articles, news releases, and product information from manufacturers were also reviewed. Study selection Initial MEDLINE search produced 4816 articles, from which 101 articles were selected for referencing based on having been published in a peer-reviewed journal and on relevance to the subject of the manuscript as determined by all 5 authors. Data extraction All studies were critically reviewed for relevance, accuracy, and quality of data and study design by all authors. Data synthesis Recent advances in AED technology and design have resulted in marked simplification of AED operation, improvements in accuracy and effectiveness, and reductions in cost. Use of AEDs by first responders and laypersons has reduced time to defibrillation and improved survival from sudden cardiac Arrest in several communities. Initial studies of the cost-effectiveness of AED use in comparison with other commonly used treatments are favorable. Conclusion The AED represents an efficient method of delivering defibrillation to persons experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac Arrest and its use by both traditional and nontraditional first responders appears to be safe and effective. The rapidly expanding role of AEDs in traditional emergency medical systems is supported by the literature, and initial studies of public access to defibrillation offer hope that further improvements in survival after sudden cardiac death can be achieved.
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improving survival from sudden cardiac Arrest the role of the automated external defibrillator
JAMA, 2001Co-Authors: John P Marenco, Paul J Wang, Mark S Link, Munther K Homoud, N Mark A EstesAbstract:Context Sudden cardiac death is a major public health problem in the United States, and improving survival after out-of-hospital cardiac Arrest has been the subject of intense study. Early defibrillation has been shown to be critical to improving survival. Use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has become an important component of emergency medical systems, and recent advances in AED technology have allowed expansion of AED use to nontraditional first responders and the lay public. Objectives To examine advancements in AED technology, review the impact of AEDs on time to defibrillation and survival, and explore the future role of AEDs in the effort to improve survival following sudden cardiac Arrest. Data sources MEDLINE was searched for articles from 1966 through December 2000 (Medical Subject Headings: electric countershock, Heart Arrest, resuscitation, emergency medical services; keywords: automatic external defibrillator, automated external defibrillator, public access defibrillation). Reference lists of relevant articles, news releases, and product information from manufacturers were also reviewed. Study selection Initial MEDLINE search produced 4816 articles, from which 101 articles were selected for referencing based on having been published in a peer-reviewed journal and on relevance to the subject of the manuscript as determined by all 5 authors. Data extraction All studies were critically reviewed for relevance, accuracy, and quality of data and study design by all authors. Data synthesis Recent advances in AED technology and design have resulted in marked simplification of AED operation, improvements in accuracy and effectiveness, and reductions in cost. Use of AEDs by first responders and laypersons has reduced time to defibrillation and improved survival from sudden cardiac Arrest in several communities. Initial studies of the cost-effectiveness of AED use in comparison with other commonly used treatments are favorable. Conclusion The AED represents an efficient method of delivering defibrillation to persons experiencing out-of-hospital cardiac Arrest and its use by both traditional and nontraditional first responders appears to be safe and effective. The rapidly expanding role of AEDs in traditional emergency medical systems is supported by the literature, and initial studies of public access to defibrillation offer hope that further improvements in survival after sudden cardiac death can be achieved.
Alexandre Lavé - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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What are the options for cardiac standstill during aneurysm surgery? A systematic review
Neurosurgical Review, 2019Co-Authors: Torstein R. Meling, Alexandre LavéAbstract:To perform a systematic review of the techniques for transient circulatory Arrest during intracerebral aneurysm surgery according to the PRISMA guidelines. Search of PubMed and Google Scholar using the following: (“Heart Arrest” OR “cardiac standstill”[All Fields]) AND (“intracranial aneurysm” OR “intracranial”[All Fields] AND “aneurysm”[All Fields]). A total of 41 original articles were retrieved, of which 17 were excluded (review articles, editorials and single-case reports). A total of 24 separate articles published between 1984 and 2018 were included in the final analysis, where the majority of patients harbored anterior circulation giant or large aneurysms. Adenosine-induced cardiac Arrest gave a short, temporary asystole. The method had benefits in aneurysm with a broad neck, a thin wall, in specific localizations with narrow surgical corridors or in case of intraoperative rupture. Rapid ventricular pacing (RVP) allows a longer and more easily controlled hypotension. Its use is largely limited to elective cases. Deep hypothermic circulatory Arrest required a complex infrastructure, and fatal procedure complications lead to a 11.5–30% 30-day mortality rate, limiting its application to giant or complex aneurysm of the basilar artery or to residual posterior circulation aneurysm after endovascular treatment. Adenosine and RVP are both effective options to facilitate clipping of complex aneurysms. However, their use in patient with ischemic Heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias should be avoided, and their safety in the context of subarachnoid hemorrhage is yet to be determined. Today, deep hypothermic circulatory Arrest is almost obsolete due to endovascular alternatives.
