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Francis L W Ratnieks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Phenology of the specialist bee Colletes Hederae and its dependence on Hedera helix L. in comparison to a generalist, Apis mellifera
Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 2021Co-Authors: Georgia Hennessy, Cassanda Uthoff, Sema Abbas, Stefano C. Quaradeghini, Emma Stokes, Dave Goulson, Francis L W RatnieksAbstract:Colletes Hederae, the ivy bee, (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) has undergone large range expansions in Europe in recent years, including colonising Britain in 2001 with its original distribution limited to Western mainland Europe and the Channel Islands. It is thought to specialise on Hedera helix L. (Apiales: Ariliaceae), common ivy. However, some research has questioned this dependence. This study quantifies the foraging ecology of C. Hederae to determine its relationship with ivy in Sussex. We quantified the phenology of ivy bloom, C. Hederae activity and flower visitation, and pollen collection of females through pollen analysis. We also gathered equivalent data on Apis mellifera both as a comparison and to assess alternative pollen sources. The phenology of female C. Hederae activity was highly correlated with and phonologically contained within the ivy bloom period. Pollen analysis from C. Hederae identified ivy pollen was 98.5% of samples, significantly more than for A. mellifera (90%). Two other plant species were identified and more common in C. Hederae samples when ivy bloom was not at its peak. Surveys of ivy flowers surrounding the aggregations found that C. Hederae were the most common insect (26%) foraging on ivy . Although C. Hederae can forage on other species, ivy was found to be an important floral resource. The results also suggest the potential for competition with A. mellifera , the only other bee present in more than small numbers on H. helix flowers, as although A. mellifera is a generalist, in autumn it mainly forages on ivy.
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ivy an underappreciated key resource to flower visiting insects in autumn
Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2014Co-Authors: Mihail Garbuzov, Francis L W RatnieksAbstract:1. Ivy (Hedera helix and H. hibernica) is a common autumn-flowering plant found in Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia. Here, we use five complementary approaches (pollen trapping, nectar refractometry, local and regional surveys of insects foraging on ivy flowers, local survey of ivy abundance) to evaluate its importance to the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and other flower-visiting insects in Sussex, England. 2. Pollen trapping at six hives in two locations showed that an average 89% of pollen pellets collected by honey bees in the autumn were from ivy. 3. Observations of foraging honey bees on ivy showed that ivy nectar is an even greater target than pollen, as 80% were collecting only nectar. Refractometry of samples from ivy flowers and from honey bees foraging on ivy showed that ivy nectar is rich in sugar, 49% w/w. 4. Surveys showed that the main insect taxa foraging on ivy were honey bees (21%), bumble bees (Bombus spp., 3%), ivy bees (Colletes Hederae, 3%), common wasps (Vespula vulgaris, 13%), hover flies (Syrphidae, 27%), other flies (29%) and butterflies (4%). The surveys also showed significant temporal and spatial variation in taxon abundance and proportion. 5. A survey showed that ivy was very abundant on a small scale in both rural and urban areas, being present in 10/10 and 6/10 0.2 × 0.2 km samples within two 4 × 4 km areas respectively. 6. The results show that ivy should probably be considered a keystone species with a high value in the conservation of flower-visiting insects in autumn.
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ivy an underappreciated key resource to flower visiting insects in autumn
Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2014Co-Authors: Mihail Garbuzov, Francis L W RatnieksAbstract:1. Ivy (Hedera helix and H. hibernica) is a common autumn-flowering plant found in Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia. Here, we use five complementary approaches (pollen trapping, nectar refractometry, local and regional surveys of insects foraging on ivy flowers, local survey of ivy abundance) to evaluate its importance to the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and other flower-visiting insects in Sussex, England. 2. Pollen trapping at six hives in two locations showed that an average 89% of pollen pellets collected by honey bees in the autumn were from ivy. 3. Observations of foraging honey bees on ivy showed that ivy nectar is an even greater target than pollen, as 80% were collecting only nectar. Refractometry of samples from ivy flowers and from honey bees foraging on ivy showed that ivy nectar is rich in sugar, 49% w/w. 4. Surveys showed that the main insect taxa foraging on ivy were honey bees (21%), bumble bees (Bombus spp., 3%), ivy bees (Colletes Hederae, 3%), common wasps (Vespula vulgaris, 13%), hover flies (Syrphidae, 27%), other flies (29%) and butterflies (4%). The surveys also showed significant temporal and spatial variation in taxon abundance and proportion. 5. A survey showed that ivy was very abundant on a small scale in both rural and urban areas, being present in 10/10 and 6/10 0.2 × 0.2 km samples within two 4 × 4 km areas respectively. 6. The results show that ivy should probably be considered a keystone species with a high value in the conservation of flower-visiting insects in autumn.
Imtihanah Amri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pemberian citicoline pada tikus cedera saraf mentalis ekspresi gen sirt1 ganglion trigeminal the administration of citicoline on rat model with mental nerve crush injury gene expression of trigeminal ganglion sirt1
Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal), 2018Co-Authors: David Pakaya, Iniche Tinta, Elfiana Ibrahim, Imtihanah AmriAbstract:Cedera saraf perifer menyebabkan jumlah neuron menurun di ganglion sensorik, sehingga regenerasinya tidak baik. Pemberian Citicoline telah dilaporkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi fungsi motorik dan mencegah nyeri neuropati pada model tikus cedera saraf perifer. Pada ganglion sensorik, peningkatan regenerasi terkait dengan SIRT1 yang mendorong kelangsungan hidup neuron. Penelitian ini bertujuam untuk menguji hipotesis bahwa pemberian citicoline meningkatkan ekspresi gen SIRT1 fase akut pada model tikus cedera saraf mentalis. Setelah dianestesi, saraf mentalis kanan dijepit dengan klem tanpa gerigi selama 30 detik. Tikus-tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok operasi sham, kelompok cedera dan kelompok citicoline. Citicoline diberikan secara i.p. 50 mg/kg BB/hari selama 7 hari. Tikus dinekropsi pada hari ke-1, 3 dan 7 setelah cedera. Pada hari ke-1,3,7 (3 tikus per kelompok), ganglion trigeminal kanan dipotong dan diekstraksi RNA, reverse transcriptase PCR dan qPCR untuk melihat ekspresi gen SIRT1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan ekspresi SIRT1 hari ke-7 setelah cedera saraf mentalis tikus yang diberikan terapi citicoline i.p. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian citicolin segera setelah cedera saraf mentalis meningkatkan ekspresi SIRT1 pada hari ke-7.
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Pemberian Citicoline pada Tikus Cedera Saraf Mentalis: Ekspresi Gen SIRT1 Ganglion Trigeminal
Universitas Tadulako, 2018Co-Authors: David Pakaya, Iniche Tinta, Elfiana Ibrahim, Imtihanah AmriAbstract:Cedera saraf perifer menyebabkan jumlah neuron menurun di ganglion sensorik, sehingga regenerasinya tidak baik. Pemberian Citicoline telah dilaporkan dapat memperbaiki kondisi fungsi motorik dan mencegah nyeri neuropati pada model tikus cedera saraf perifer. Pada ganglion sensorik, peningkatan regenerasi terkait dengan SIRT1 yang mendorong kelangsungan hidup neuron. Penelitian ini bertujuam untuk menguji hipotesis bahwa pemberian citicoline meningkatkan ekspresi gen SIRT1 fase akut pada model tikus cedera saraf mentalis. Setelah dianestesi, saraf mentalis kanan dijepit dengan klem tanpa gerigi selama 30 detik. Tikus-tikus dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok operasi sham, kelompok cedera dan kelompok citicoline. Citicoline diberikan secara i.p. 50 mg/kg BB/hari selama 7 hari. Tikus dinekropsi pada hari ke-1, 3 dan 7 setelah cedera. Pada hari ke-1,3,7 (3 tikus per kelompok), ganglion trigeminal kanan dipotong dan diekstraksi RNA, reverse transcriptase PCR dan qPCR untuk melihat ekspresi gen SIRT1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan ekspresi SIRT1 hari ke-7 setelah cedera saraf mentalis tikus yang diberikan terapi citicoline i.p. Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian citicolin segera setelah cedera saraf mentalis meningkatkan ekspresi SIRT1 pada hari ke-7
Reiner M. Kroppenstedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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plant microbe interactions identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability
New Phytologist, 2005Co-Authors: Lukas Schreiber, Ursula Krimm, Daniel Knoll, Mohamed Sayed, Georg Auling, Reiner M. KroppenstedtAbstract:Bacteria were either isolated from leaf surfaces of Hedera helix or obtained from a culture collection in order to analyse their effect on barrier properties of isolated Hedera and Prunus laurocerasus cuticles. On the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences the genera of the six bacterial isolates from Hedera were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Achromobacter. Water permeability of cuticles isolated from H. helix was measured before and after inoculation with the six bacterial strains. In addition water permeability of cuticles isolated from P. laurocerasus was measured before and after inoculation with the three bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas campestris and Corynebacterium fascians. Rates of water diffusing across isolated cuticles of both species significantly increased by up to 50% after inoculation with all bacterial strains. Obtained results show that epiphytic bacteria have the ability of increasing water permeability of Hedera and Prunus cuticles, which in turn should increase the availability of water and dissolved compounds in the phyllopshere. Consequently, living conditions in the habitat phyllosphere are improved. It can be concluded that the ability to change leaf surface properties will improve epiphytic fitness of leaf surface bacteria.
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Plant–microbe interactions: identification of epiphytic bacteria and their ability to alter leaf surface permeability
The New phytologist, 2005Co-Authors: Lukas Schreiber, Ursula Krimm, Daniel Knoll, Mohamed Sayed, Georg Auling, Reiner M. KroppenstedtAbstract:Bacteria were either isolated from leaf surfaces of Hedera helix or obtained from a culture collection in order to analyse their effect on barrier properties of isolated Hedera and Prunus laurocerasus cuticles. On the basis of the 16S rDNA sequences the genera of the six bacterial isolates from Hedera were identified as Pseudomonas sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Achromobacter. Water permeability of cuticles isolated from H. helix was measured before and after inoculation with the six bacterial strains. In addition water permeability of cuticles isolated from P. laurocerasus was measured before and after inoculation with the three bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas campestris and Corynebacterium fascians. Rates of water diffusing across isolated cuticles of both species significantly increased by up to 50% after inoculation with all bacterial strains. Obtained results show that epiphytic bacteria have the ability of increasing water permeability of Hedera and Prunus cuticles, which in turn should increase the availability of water and dissolved compounds in the phyllopshere. Consequently, living conditions in the habitat phyllosphere are improved. It can be concluded that the ability to change leaf surface properties will improve epiphytic fitness of leaf surface bacteria.
Mihail Garbuzov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ivy an underappreciated key resource to flower visiting insects in autumn
Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2014Co-Authors: Mihail Garbuzov, Francis L W RatnieksAbstract:1. Ivy (Hedera helix and H. hibernica) is a common autumn-flowering plant found in Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia. Here, we use five complementary approaches (pollen trapping, nectar refractometry, local and regional surveys of insects foraging on ivy flowers, local survey of ivy abundance) to evaluate its importance to the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and other flower-visiting insects in Sussex, England. 2. Pollen trapping at six hives in two locations showed that an average 89% of pollen pellets collected by honey bees in the autumn were from ivy. 3. Observations of foraging honey bees on ivy showed that ivy nectar is an even greater target than pollen, as 80% were collecting only nectar. Refractometry of samples from ivy flowers and from honey bees foraging on ivy showed that ivy nectar is rich in sugar, 49% w/w. 4. Surveys showed that the main insect taxa foraging on ivy were honey bees (21%), bumble bees (Bombus spp., 3%), ivy bees (Colletes Hederae, 3%), common wasps (Vespula vulgaris, 13%), hover flies (Syrphidae, 27%), other flies (29%) and butterflies (4%). The surveys also showed significant temporal and spatial variation in taxon abundance and proportion. 5. A survey showed that ivy was very abundant on a small scale in both rural and urban areas, being present in 10/10 and 6/10 0.2 × 0.2 km samples within two 4 × 4 km areas respectively. 6. The results show that ivy should probably be considered a keystone species with a high value in the conservation of flower-visiting insects in autumn.
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ivy an underappreciated key resource to flower visiting insects in autumn
Insect Conservation and Diversity, 2014Co-Authors: Mihail Garbuzov, Francis L W RatnieksAbstract:1. Ivy (Hedera helix and H. hibernica) is a common autumn-flowering plant found in Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia. Here, we use five complementary approaches (pollen trapping, nectar refractometry, local and regional surveys of insects foraging on ivy flowers, local survey of ivy abundance) to evaluate its importance to the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and other flower-visiting insects in Sussex, England. 2. Pollen trapping at six hives in two locations showed that an average 89% of pollen pellets collected by honey bees in the autumn were from ivy. 3. Observations of foraging honey bees on ivy showed that ivy nectar is an even greater target than pollen, as 80% were collecting only nectar. Refractometry of samples from ivy flowers and from honey bees foraging on ivy showed that ivy nectar is rich in sugar, 49% w/w. 4. Surveys showed that the main insect taxa foraging on ivy were honey bees (21%), bumble bees (Bombus spp., 3%), ivy bees (Colletes Hederae, 3%), common wasps (Vespula vulgaris, 13%), hover flies (Syrphidae, 27%), other flies (29%) and butterflies (4%). The surveys also showed significant temporal and spatial variation in taxon abundance and proportion. 5. A survey showed that ivy was very abundant on a small scale in both rural and urban areas, being present in 10/10 and 6/10 0.2 × 0.2 km samples within two 4 × 4 km areas respectively. 6. The results show that ivy should probably be considered a keystone species with a high value in the conservation of flower-visiting insects in autumn.
C C Chu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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first report of xanthomonas hortorum pv Hederae causing bacterial leaf spot of Hedera helix in taiwan
Plant Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Y H Chiu, J Y Tzeng, Che Yi Lin, Y R Lin, W L Deng, C C ChuAbstract:Hedera helix (ivy) is a popular evergreen commonly grown worldwide as outdoor and indoor plants. In 2018, symptoms similar to bacterial leaf spot were observed on potted ivies in two nurseries, one located in Tianwei Township, Changhua County (observed in January) and the other in Nantun District, Taichung City, Taiwan (observed in May). In both locations, leaf spot symptoms were seen on over 90% of the plants. The lesions were irregularly shaped and were necrotic or water-soaked. A total of seven infected plants were sampled and brought to the laboratory, one collected in Changhua and six sampled in Taichung. Diseased tissues were cut, and bacterial streaming was observed under a light microscope. The samples were streaked onto nutrient agar (NA) and onto NA with 0.2% yeast extract and then were incubated at 25°C. Round yellow colonies were recovered from all seven plants, and seven independent bacterial strains (Hed1 to Hed7) were isolated (each from a different plant). Hed1 was obtained from the plant collected in Changhua, whereas the others were isolated from plants collected in Taichung. All seven strains produced yellow mucoid colonies on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar, similar to most known xanthomonads (Schaad et al. 2001). They tested positive for esculin degradation, weak positive for casein hydrolysis, and negative for the abilities to degrade Tween 80 and starch (Schaad et al. 2001). Infiltration of these strains’ suspensions into tomato leaves (cv. Known-you 301) induced hypersensitive responses. Identification of Hed1 to Hed7 was conducted via multilocus sequence analysis targeting the fusA, gyrB, gapA, gltA, lacF, and lepA genes (Almeida et al. 2010). Gene fragments were sequenced for all seven strains. For every fragment tested, Hed1 to Hed7 all had the same sequences (GenBank accession nos. MK124762 to MK124767). Comparing the concatenated 2,745-bp sequences of Hed1 to Hed7 among each other and against sequences included in the Plant-Associated Microbes Database (http://genome.ppws.vt.edu/cgi-bin/MLST/home.pl) (Almeida et al. 2010) revealed that all seven strains shared identical sequences with the type strain of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. Hederae (LMG733) and had lower than 98% identity with the other Xanthomonas species and pathovars. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, three strains (Hed1, Hed2, and Hed6) were randomly selected and spray inoculated onto potted ivies at a concentration of approximately 1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml (in 0.02% Silwet L-77). Each strain was inoculated onto three plants. Three additional plants sprayed with 0.02% Silwet L-77 solution without bacteria served as controls. The plants were then bagged in plastic bags for 3 days to maintain high humidity. Within 3 weeks, necrotic leaf spots developed on all bacteria-inoculated plants but not on the control plants. Bacterial strains were reisolated from the plants inoculated with Hed1, Hed2, and Hed6, and all reisolates shared the same gapA sequence with the original strains. Bacterial leaf spot on ivy has been reported in Greece, Japan, and other parts of the world (Pirc et al. 2012; Suzuki et al. 2002; Trantas et al. 2016). The present study is, to our knowledge, the first report of the occurrence of this disease in Taiwan. Ivies are often planted in shaded/indoor areas at high densities and are watered frequently in nurseries. These conditions could favor the development of bacterial leaf spot and the transmission of its pathogen.