The Experts below are selected from a list of 171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

F. Sundler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distribution of two VIP-related peptides, Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), in the human upper respiratory system
    Regulatory peptides, 1996
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, K. Albegger, Akira Arimura, Gerhard W. Hacker, Wolfgang Muss, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin (HS) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) are newly discovered peptides isolated from the salivary gland venom of the lizard Heloderma horridum and the ovine hypothalamus, respectively. They show chemical similarities to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), appear to have similar functions and are present in gut, brain, lung, male and female genitourinary tract. In the present study, the distribution of the Helospectin and PACAP-27 in the human upper respiratory system was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence and electron-microscopical ABC-pre-embedding methods. Immunohistochemistry revealed Helospectin-like (HS-LI) and PACAP-like (PACAP-LI) immunoreactivity in nerve fibers in human nasal, the larynx (vocal cord, ventricular fold, epiglottis), the tongue and the soft palate mucosa. Helospectin-LI and PACAP-LI containing nerve fibers were mainly found in close association to blood vessels and glandular structures. Colocalization studies carried out by application of double immunofluorescence showed that HS and/(or) PACAP-LI coexist with VIP in apparently the same nerve fibers in the upper respiratory system, although single nerve fibers seem to exclusively express Helospectin. The localization patterns of Helospectin and PACAP-LI in the human upper respiratory system suggests their possible involvement in the regulation of secretory activities and local blood flow.

  • Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the human vagina
    Regulatory peptides, 1995
    Co-Authors: A.-h. Graf, G W Hacker, C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, Akira Arimura, A. Schiechl, H. Steiner, A. Staudach, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), both recently isolated from the poisonous saliva of the American lizard or from ovine hypothalamus respectively, belong to the same peptide family as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and glucagon. In the present study, occurrence and distribution patterns of nerve fibers containing Helospectin- and PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the human vagina were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that Helospectin or PACAP are co-expressed with VIP and PHM within subpopulations of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Nervous structures containing Helospectin and VIP were particularly numerous in the internal mucous lining of the vagina and in free epithelial nerve endings, and an abundant network of nerve fibers surrounding blood vessels was detected. Nerve fibers co-expressing PACAP and VIP were more numerous than those expressing Helospectin and VIP and were mainly found in close association with blood vessels as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Due to the lack of non-rabbit Helospectin or PACAP antibodies, possible co-localizations between these two peptides could not be investigated at this time. The localizations demonstrated suggest possible roles of the two peptides in the regulation of local blood flow and lubrication of the vagina.

  • Neuropeptides in the human penis: an immunohistochemical study.
    Journal of andrology, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, Otto Dietze, G W Hacker, F. Sundler, Anton‐h. Graf, Doris Mack, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    : In the present study, the distribution of neuropeptides in the human penis is demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine-methionine (PHM), prepro-VIP (111–122), neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide, subetance P, and galanin Immunoreactivities. Special attention was also given to the recently isolated, VIP-related lizard peptide Helospectin, which could also be detected in neuronal elements in the penis. Colocalization studies showed the coexistence of VIP, PHM, and partly Helospectin, and of NPY with C-PON within nerve fibers in the cavernous and spongious body, the glans penis, and the the urethra.

  • Neuropeptides in the human penis: an immunohistochemical study.
    Journal of andrology, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, Otto Dietze, F. Sundler, Anton‐h. Graf, Doris Mack, Gerhard W. Hacker, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    In the present study, the distribution of neuropeptides in the human penis is demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine-methionine (PHM), prepro-VIP (111-122), neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, and galanin immunoreactivities. Special attention was also given to the recently isolated, VIP-related lizard peptide Helospectin, which could also be detected in neuronal elements in the penis. Colocalization studies showed the coexistence of VIP, PHM, and partly Helospectin, and of NPY with C-PON within nerve fibers in the cavernous and spongious body, the glans penis, and the urethra.

  • Neuronal Pathways to the Rat Conjunctiva Revealed by Retrograde Tracing and Immunocytochemistry
    Experimental eye research, 1994
    Co-Authors: Tor Elsås, F. Sundler, Lars Edvinsson, R. Uddman
    Abstract:

    Abstract The origin and neuropeptide content of nerve fibres in the rat conjunctiva were studied by retrograde tracing and denervations in combination with immunocytochemistry. Immunocytochemistry revealed nerve fibres containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), Helospectin, substance P (SP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) around blood vessels, smooth muscle bundles and glands. Removal of the sphenopalatine ganglion eliminated the majority of the VIP-, PHI- and Helospectin-containing fibres. Sympathectomy eliminated the majority of the NPY-containing fibres in the conjunctiva. Removal of both the sphenopalatine ganglion and the superior cervical ganglion led to further reduction of the NPY fibres. Injection of the retrograde tracer True Blue into the conjunctiva resulted in the appearance of labelled cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the superior cervical ganglion, and the ciliary ganglion. Judging from the number of labelled nerve cell bodies, the superior cervical ganglion contributes most to the innervation. These results indicate that the majority of NPY-containing nerve fibres in the conjunctiva derives from the superior cervical ganglion (sympathetic nerve supply). Most of the VIP- and a minor population of the NPY-containing fibres in the conjunctiva originate in the sphenopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic nerve supply). A sparse amount or VIP- and NPY-containing fibres derives from the ciliary ganglion. Nerve fibres containing SP and/or CGRP emanate from the trigeminal ganglia (sensory nerve supply). Together the findings indicate that several ganglia project to the conjunctiva and that many neuropeptides may be involved in the control of conjunctival activity.

C. E. Hauser-kronberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Distribution of two VIP-related peptides, Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), in the human upper respiratory system
    Regulatory peptides, 1996
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, K. Albegger, Akira Arimura, Gerhard W. Hacker, Wolfgang Muss, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin (HS) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) are newly discovered peptides isolated from the salivary gland venom of the lizard Heloderma horridum and the ovine hypothalamus, respectively. They show chemical similarities to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), appear to have similar functions and are present in gut, brain, lung, male and female genitourinary tract. In the present study, the distribution of the Helospectin and PACAP-27 in the human upper respiratory system was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence and electron-microscopical ABC-pre-embedding methods. Immunohistochemistry revealed Helospectin-like (HS-LI) and PACAP-like (PACAP-LI) immunoreactivity in nerve fibers in human nasal, the larynx (vocal cord, ventricular fold, epiglottis), the tongue and the soft palate mucosa. Helospectin-LI and PACAP-LI containing nerve fibers were mainly found in close association to blood vessels and glandular structures. Colocalization studies carried out by application of double immunofluorescence showed that HS and/(or) PACAP-LI coexist with VIP in apparently the same nerve fibers in the upper respiratory system, although single nerve fibers seem to exclusively express Helospectin. The localization patterns of Helospectin and PACAP-LI in the human upper respiratory system suggests their possible involvement in the regulation of secretory activities and local blood flow.

  • Regulatory peptides in the human soft palate
    European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 1995
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, G W Hacker, W. Kummer, K. Albegger
    Abstract:

    The distributions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine methionine, Helospectin, neuropeptide Y and its C-flanking peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were studied in the human soft palate using immunocytochemical techniques. Peptide-containing nerve fibers were found to form a dense network around glandular acini, excretory ducts and blood vessels, as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Chromogranin A, bombesin-flanking peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities were detected in endocrine-like cells located in excretory ducts.

  • Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the human vagina
    Regulatory peptides, 1995
    Co-Authors: A.-h. Graf, G W Hacker, C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, Akira Arimura, A. Schiechl, H. Steiner, A. Staudach, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), both recently isolated from the poisonous saliva of the American lizard or from ovine hypothalamus respectively, belong to the same peptide family as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and glucagon. In the present study, occurrence and distribution patterns of nerve fibers containing Helospectin- and PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the human vagina were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that Helospectin or PACAP are co-expressed with VIP and PHM within subpopulations of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Nervous structures containing Helospectin and VIP were particularly numerous in the internal mucous lining of the vagina and in free epithelial nerve endings, and an abundant network of nerve fibers surrounding blood vessels was detected. Nerve fibers co-expressing PACAP and VIP were more numerous than those expressing Helospectin and VIP and were mainly found in close association with blood vessels as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Due to the lack of non-rabbit Helospectin or PACAP antibodies, possible co-localizations between these two peptides could not be investigated at this time. The localizations demonstrated suggest possible roles of the two peptides in the regulation of local blood flow and lubrication of the vagina.

  • Autonomic and peptidergic innervation of the human larynx
    HNO, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, K. Albegger, Alois Saria, J. Schlöhmicher-thier, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Autonomic and peptidergic innervation of the human larynx (vocal cords, ventricular folds, epiglottis, subglottic region and recurrent nerves) was studied by application of single and double immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. In all tissues investigated, immunoreactivities for a variety of regulatory peptides were detected and included vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), Helospectin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and neurokinin A. In the recurrent nerves, only a few peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found. The laryngeal region of the epiglottis and the subglottic region showed characteristic corpuscular nerves containing substance P and CGRP running underneath and within the epithelium.

  • Neuropeptides in the human penis: an immunohistochemical study.
    Journal of andrology, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, Otto Dietze, G W Hacker, F. Sundler, Anton‐h. Graf, Doris Mack, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    : In the present study, the distribution of neuropeptides in the human penis is demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine-methionine (PHM), prepro-VIP (111–122), neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide, subetance P, and galanin Immunoreactivities. Special attention was also given to the recently isolated, VIP-related lizard peptide Helospectin, which could also be detected in neuronal elements in the penis. Colocalization studies showed the coexistence of VIP, PHM, and partly Helospectin, and of NPY with C-PON within nerve fibers in the cavernous and spongious body, the glans penis, and the the urethra.

Otto Dietze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • peptidergic innervation of the human clitoris
    Peptides, 1999
    Co-Authors: Cornelia Hauserkronberger, Antonhelmut Graf, Annie L M Cheung, Otto Dietze, G W Hacker, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    In the present study, the distributions of neuropeptides in the normal human clitoris and in a clitoris from an adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Immunohistochemical screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), neuropeptide tyrosine (neuropeptide Y), C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P immunoreactivities. Special attention was given to the VIP-related peptide Helospectin, that has been detected in neuronal elements in the clitoris. No visible differences between the localization and distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers of normal and hypertrophic clitoris from AGS have been observed. Co-localization studies showed the co-existence of VIP, PHM and partly Helospectin and neuropeptide Y with CPON within nerve fibers in the cavernous tissue and substance P and CGRP co-expression in nerve fibers especially underneath and within the glans clitoris.

  • Distribution of two VIP-related peptides, Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), in the human upper respiratory system
    Regulatory peptides, 1996
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, K. Albegger, Akira Arimura, Gerhard W. Hacker, Wolfgang Muss, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin (HS) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) are newly discovered peptides isolated from the salivary gland venom of the lizard Heloderma horridum and the ovine hypothalamus, respectively. They show chemical similarities to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), appear to have similar functions and are present in gut, brain, lung, male and female genitourinary tract. In the present study, the distribution of the Helospectin and PACAP-27 in the human upper respiratory system was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence and electron-microscopical ABC-pre-embedding methods. Immunohistochemistry revealed Helospectin-like (HS-LI) and PACAP-like (PACAP-LI) immunoreactivity in nerve fibers in human nasal, the larynx (vocal cord, ventricular fold, epiglottis), the tongue and the soft palate mucosa. Helospectin-LI and PACAP-LI containing nerve fibers were mainly found in close association to blood vessels and glandular structures. Colocalization studies carried out by application of double immunofluorescence showed that HS and/(or) PACAP-LI coexist with VIP in apparently the same nerve fibers in the upper respiratory system, although single nerve fibers seem to exclusively express Helospectin. The localization patterns of Helospectin and PACAP-LI in the human upper respiratory system suggests their possible involvement in the regulation of secretory activities and local blood flow.

  • Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the human vagina
    Regulatory peptides, 1995
    Co-Authors: A.-h. Graf, G W Hacker, C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, Akira Arimura, A. Schiechl, H. Steiner, A. Staudach, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), both recently isolated from the poisonous saliva of the American lizard or from ovine hypothalamus respectively, belong to the same peptide family as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and glucagon. In the present study, occurrence and distribution patterns of nerve fibers containing Helospectin- and PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the human vagina were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that Helospectin or PACAP are co-expressed with VIP and PHM within subpopulations of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Nervous structures containing Helospectin and VIP were particularly numerous in the internal mucous lining of the vagina and in free epithelial nerve endings, and an abundant network of nerve fibers surrounding blood vessels was detected. Nerve fibers co-expressing PACAP and VIP were more numerous than those expressing Helospectin and VIP and were mainly found in close association with blood vessels as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Due to the lack of non-rabbit Helospectin or PACAP antibodies, possible co-localizations between these two peptides could not be investigated at this time. The localizations demonstrated suggest possible roles of the two peptides in the regulation of local blood flow and lubrication of the vagina.

  • Autonomic and peptidergic innervation of the human larynx
    HNO, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, K. Albegger, Alois Saria, J. Schlöhmicher-thier, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Autonomic and peptidergic innervation of the human larynx (vocal cords, ventricular folds, epiglottis, subglottic region and recurrent nerves) was studied by application of single and double immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. In all tissues investigated, immunoreactivities for a variety of regulatory peptides were detected and included vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), Helospectin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P and neurokinin A. In the recurrent nerves, only a few peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found. The laryngeal region of the epiglottis and the subglottic region showed characteristic corpuscular nerves containing substance P and CGRP running underneath and within the epithelium.

  • Neuropeptides in the human penis: an immunohistochemical study.
    Journal of andrology, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, Otto Dietze, G W Hacker, F. Sundler, Anton‐h. Graf, Doris Mack, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    : In the present study, the distribution of neuropeptides in the human penis is demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine-methionine (PHM), prepro-VIP (111–122), neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide, subetance P, and galanin Immunoreactivities. Special attention was also given to the recently isolated, VIP-related lizard peptide Helospectin, which could also be detected in neuronal elements in the penis. Colocalization studies showed the coexistence of VIP, PHM, and partly Helospectin, and of NPY with C-PON within nerve fibers in the cavernous and spongious body, the glans penis, and the the urethra.

G W Hacker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • peptidergic innervation of the human clitoris
    Peptides, 1999
    Co-Authors: Cornelia Hauserkronberger, Antonhelmut Graf, Annie L M Cheung, Otto Dietze, G W Hacker, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    In the present study, the distributions of neuropeptides in the normal human clitoris and in a clitoris from an adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Immunohistochemical screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), neuropeptide tyrosine (neuropeptide Y), C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P immunoreactivities. Special attention was given to the VIP-related peptide Helospectin, that has been detected in neuronal elements in the clitoris. No visible differences between the localization and distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers of normal and hypertrophic clitoris from AGS have been observed. Co-localization studies showed the co-existence of VIP, PHM and partly Helospectin and neuropeptide Y with CPON within nerve fibers in the cavernous tissue and substance P and CGRP co-expression in nerve fibers especially underneath and within the glans clitoris.

  • Peptidergic innervation of the human clitoris
    'Elsevier BV', 1999
    Co-Authors: Cheung A, G W Hacker, A.-h. Graf, Dietze O, Frick J, Hauserkronberger C
    Abstract:

    In the present study, the distributions of neuropeptides in the normal human clitoris and in a clitoris from an adrenogenital syndrome (AGS) was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Immunohistochemical screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM), neuropeptide tyrosine (neuropeptide Y), C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P immunoreactivities. Special attention was given to the VIP-related peptide Helospectin, that has been detected in neuronal elements in the clitoris. No visible differences between the localization and distribution of peptidergic nerve fibers of normal and hypertrophic clitoris from AGS have been observed. Co-localization studies showed the co-existence of VIP, PHM and partly Helospectin and neuropeptide Y with CPON within nerve fibers in the cavernous tissue and substance P and CGRP co-expression in nerve fibers especially underneath and within the glans clitoris. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

  • Regulatory peptides in the human soft palate
    European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 1995
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, G W Hacker, W. Kummer, K. Albegger
    Abstract:

    The distributions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine methionine, Helospectin, neuropeptide Y and its C-flanking peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were studied in the human soft palate using immunocytochemical techniques. Peptide-containing nerve fibers were found to form a dense network around glandular acini, excretory ducts and blood vessels, as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Chromogranin A, bombesin-flanking peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivities were detected in endocrine-like cells located in excretory ducts.

  • Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the human vagina
    Regulatory peptides, 1995
    Co-Authors: A.-h. Graf, G W Hacker, C. E. Hauser-kronberger, F. Sundler, Akira Arimura, A. Schiechl, H. Steiner, A. Staudach, Otto Dietze
    Abstract:

    Helospectin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), both recently isolated from the poisonous saliva of the American lizard or from ovine hypothalamus respectively, belong to the same peptide family as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and glucagon. In the present study, occurrence and distribution patterns of nerve fibers containing Helospectin- and PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the human vagina were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescent labeling showed that Helospectin or PACAP are co-expressed with VIP and PHM within subpopulations of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers. Nervous structures containing Helospectin and VIP were particularly numerous in the internal mucous lining of the vagina and in free epithelial nerve endings, and an abundant network of nerve fibers surrounding blood vessels was detected. Nerve fibers co-expressing PACAP and VIP were more numerous than those expressing Helospectin and VIP and were mainly found in close association with blood vessels as well as beneath and within the epithelium. Due to the lack of non-rabbit Helospectin or PACAP antibodies, possible co-localizations between these two peptides could not be investigated at this time. The localizations demonstrated suggest possible roles of the two peptides in the regulation of local blood flow and lubrication of the vagina.

  • Neuropeptides in the human penis: an immunohistochemical study.
    Journal of andrology, 1994
    Co-Authors: C. E. Hauser-kronberger, Otto Dietze, G W Hacker, F. Sundler, Anton‐h. Graf, Doris Mack, J. Frick
    Abstract:

    : In the present study, the distribution of neuropeptides in the human penis is demonstrated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC screening detected a complex network of nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), peptide histidine-methionine (PHM), prepro-VIP (111–122), neuropeptide Y (NPY), C-flanking peptide of NPY (C-PON), calcitonin gene-related peptide, subetance P, and galanin Immunoreactivities. Special attention was also given to the recently isolated, VIP-related lizard peptide Helospectin, which could also be detected in neuronal elements in the penis. Colocalization studies showed the coexistence of VIP, PHM, and partly Helospectin, and of NPY with C-PON within nerve fibers in the cavernous and spongious body, the glans penis, and the the urethra.

Rolf Håkanson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Unlike VIP, the VIP-related peptides PACAP, helodermin and Helospectin suppress electrically evoked contractions of rat vas deferens.
    Regulatory peptides, 1992
    Co-Authors: Lars Grundemar, Rolf Håkanson
    Abstract:

    We have compared the effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and of the VIP-related peptides pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) 1-27 and 1-38, helodermin, Helospectin I and Helospectin II, on the electrically evoked twitches in the isolated vas deferens of the rat. While VIP was virtually without effect, PACAP 1-38 suppressed the electrically evoked twitches effectively and in a concentration-dependent manner (pIC50 value 7.5). The naturally occurring N-terminal fragment PACAP 1-27 was less effective than PACAP 1-38 (Imax values 37.2% suppression compared to 76.5%) and less potent. The C-terminal fragment PACAP 16-38 was virtually inactive. Also helodermin and Helospectin I+II suppressed the electrically evoked twitches effectively and in a concentration-dependent manner (pIC50 values 6.9; 7.2; 6.8, respectively). The three peptides produced similar maximum reduction of the twitches (74-80%). The findings suggest that PACAP, helodermin and Helospectin suppress the electrically evoked contractions in the rat vas deferens via receptors distinct from VIP receptors.

  • Neuropeptides of the vasoactive intestinal peptide/helodermin/pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide family elevate plasma cAMP in mice: comparison with a range of other regulatory peptides.
    Regulatory peptides, 1992
    Co-Authors: A. Absood, Duan Chen, Rolf Håkanson
    Abstract:

    Abstract A number of regulatory peptides were investigated for their ability to elevate plasma cAMP. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP)-27, PACAP-38, helodermin, Helospectin I and II, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), glucagon, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide were among the peptides that were highly effective in raising plasma cAMP when given intravenously in equimolar doses to conscious mice. PACAP-27 and -38 were more effective than any of the other peptides. PACAP 16–38, secretin, gastrin-17, galanin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8s, pancreatic polypeptide, substance P, peptide YY and neuropeptide Y were inactive and also did not interfere with the PACAP-27-evoked rise in plasma cAMP levels. Repeated injections of PACAP-27 every 30 min caused a progressive reduction in the plasma cAMP response (measured 5 min after each injection). Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, dose-dependently raised the plasma concentration of cAMP and displayed a synergistic effect when given in a low dose concurrently with PTH or PACAP-38. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram dose-dependently raised the plasma concentration of cAMP. Combined treatment with PACAP-27 and a threshold dose of rolipram resulted in an exaggerated plasma cAMP response. Kidney hilus ligation suppressed the responses to PACAP-38, PTH, helodermin, Helospectin, VIP, glucagon and calcitonin. Hepatectomy suppressed the response to glucagon but was without effect on the response to the other peptides. Pancreatectomy and spleenectomy reduced the response to VIP, but was without effect on the response to the other peptides. PACAP-27 stimulated cAMP efflux from the isolated rat tail vein. Hence, it cannot be excluded that blood vessels contribute to the peptide evoked plasma cAMP response in vivo .

  • Helospectin-like peptides in the gastrointestinal tract: immunocytochemical localization and immunochemical characterization.
    Neuroscience, 1992
    Co-Authors: A. Absood, Eva Ekblad, Mats Ekelund, Rolf Håkanson, F. Sundler
    Abstract:

    Abstract Helospectins I and II are two non-amidated, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like peptides, isolated from the salivary gland venom of the lizard Heloderma horridum . Helospectin I has 38 amino acid residues and differs from Helospectin II in that it has an additional serine residue at the C-terminus. The study was based on an antiserum that recognizes both Helospectins I and II (but recognizes VIP only poorly). Immunocytochemistry of the digestive tract revealed Helospectin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the muscle layers, submucosa and mucosa of mouse, rat, hamster, guinea-pig and man. Myenteric and submucous ganglia in all species contained Helospectin-immunoreactive nerve fibers and cell bodies. The distribution of Helospectin-like immunoreactivity in the gut resembled that of VIP. Double immunostaining for Helospectin and VIP revealed their co-existence in the same population of nerve fibers and cell bodies throughout the gut of all species tested. In addition, Helospectin (but not VIP) immunoreactivity was observed in a population of endocrine cells in the intestines. The existence of Helospectin-like material in the gut was confirmed by immunochemistry. The Helospectin-like immunoreactivity in the extracts diluted in parallel to the Helospectin standard curve. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of extracts of rat intestine revealed one predominant Helospectin-immunoreactive peak that eluted close to authentic Helospectins I and II. The Helospectin-immunoreactive material in the gut may constitute a novel neuropeptide that co-exists with VIP. The distribution of the VIP-Helospectin-immunoreactive neurons and fibers indicates their possible involvement in the regulation of gut motor and secretory activities.

  • The distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-like immunoreactivity is distinct from helodermin- and Helospectin-like immunoreactivities in the rat brain.
    Journal of chemical neuroanatomy, 1992
    Co-Authors: L. Kivipelto, F. Sundler, Akira Arimura, A. Absood, Rolf Håkanson, Pertti Panula
    Abstract:

    Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an amidated 38-residue polypeptide isolated from the ovine hypothalamus. Helodermin, a 35-amino acid peptide, and Helospectins, peptides of 38 and 37 amino acid residues, have been isolated from lizard venom. PACAP, helodermin and Helospectins share structural features and have a similar profile of pharmacological effects: they stimulate adenylate cyclase. We studied the distribution and characteristics of PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain with immunochemical and immunohistochemical methods and compared its distribution with that of helodermin- and Helospectin-like immunoreactivities. With radioimmunoassay, the highest concentrations of PACAP-like immunoreactivity were found in the hypothalamus and cerebellum. PACAP-immunoreactive cell bodies were located immunohistochemically in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, and in the central grey. PACAP-immunoreactive fibres and terminals were detected in the medial part of the central nucleus of amygdala, in the median eminence and neurohypophysis, and in the central grey. No PACAP-immunoreactive structures were observed in areas such as the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, or cerebellum. The distribution of PACAP-like immunoreactivity differed considerably from the distribution of helodermin- and Helospectin-like immunoreactivities. The results of this study suggest that PACAP is a neuropeptide with a role in the regulation of endocrine function in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis.

  • Helodermin- and Helospectin-like immunoreactivities in the rat brain: an immunochemical and immunohistochemical study.
    Neuroscience, 1992
    Co-Authors: L. Kivipelto, F. Sundler, A. Absood, Rolf Håkanson, Pertti Panula
    Abstract:

    Abstract Helodermin is an amidated peptide of 35 amino acid residues isolated from the lizard Heloderma suspectum . Homologous peptides, Helospectins I and II, peptides of 38 and 37 amino acid residues, respectively, have been isolated from the lizard Heloderma horridum . This group of peptides stimulates the adenylate cyclase activity. Helodermin- and Helospectin-like immunoreactivities were studied in the rat brain by using immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentrations of helodermin-like immunoreactivity were found in the cerebellum and hypothalamus. The Chromatographie analysis of rat brain extract revealed one main immunoreactivc peak with elution properties similar to those of authentic lizard helodermin. Helodermin-immunoreactive neurons were located in the supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, periventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus and central gray. Fibers and terminals of varying densities were observed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial part of the central nucleus of amygdala, external layer of the median eminence, thalamus and central gray. The highest concentrations of Helospectin-like immunoreactivity were found in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and medulla. The Chromatographic analysis of brain extract revealed one major peak with elution properties similar to those of authentic Helospectin I. Helospectin-immuno-reactive neurons were located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, central gray, cerebral cortex, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and supramammillary nucleus. Helospectin-immunoreactive fibers and terminals were found in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial part of the central nucleus of amygdala, median eminence, lateral parabrachial nucleus, central gray, cerebral cortex, thalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract. The present study has revealed novel neuronal systems in the rat brain by using antisera against the lizard peptides helodermin and Helospectin. The patterns of immunostaining suggest a role for the helodermin- and Helospectin-like peptides in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal control of endocrine functions.