The Experts below are selected from a list of 198 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carlos R. Osorio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1-1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Image_1_Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.JPEG
2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1–1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an Emerging Fish Pathogen in the Black Sea: Evidence of a Multiclonal Origin
Applied and environmental microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Mateus S Terceti, Hamdi Ogut, Carlos R. OsorioAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is considered to be an emerging pathogen of marine fish of importance in aquaculture, with a notable increase in its geographical distribution during the last several years. In this study, we carried out for the first time to our knowledge a genetic and pathobiological characterization of 14 strains isolated from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) reared in the Southeastern Black Sea, where high mortalities were observed at two aquaculture farms during the summer and autumn of 2011. Heterogeneity was evidenced among strains in phenotypical traits, such as sucrose fermentation, motility, and hemolysis. Although 11 of 14 isolates were hemolytic, we found that all of the isolates lacked the pPHDD1 virulence plasmid that encodes the phospholipase-D damselysin (Dly) and the pore-forming toxin PhlyP, two Hemolysins previously reported to constitute major virulence factors for turbot. Subsequent PCR and sequencing analyses demonstrated that the 11 hemolytic isolates harbored a complete hlyAch gene, a chromosome I-borne gene that encodes HlyAch Hemolysin, whereas the three nonhemolytic isolates contained hlyAch pseudogenes caused by insertion sequence elements. Virulence challenges with two representative strains revealed that, albeit less virulent than the pPHDD1-harboring strain RM-71, the plasmidless hlyAch-positive and hlyAch-negative Black Sea isolates were pathogenic for sea bass. A phylogenetic analysis based on the toxR gene sequence uncovered a greater diversity in the isolates, indicating that the presence of this pathogen in the Black Sea was not caused by the introduction and spread of a single virulent clone but by the proliferation of different clones. IMPORTANCE The geographical distribution of marine bacterial pathogens is undergoing a worldwide increase. In particular, bacteria of the group vibrios are increasingly being isolated as the causative agents of disease in novel species of cultivated fish in areas where they had not been previously reported. Here we characterize for the first time to our knowledge a collection of isolates of the fish and human pathogen Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from diseased sea bass reared in the Black Sea. We uncovered great genetic diversity in the Black Sea isolates of this pathogen, suggesting a multiclonal origin. We also demonstrate for the first time that these isolates bear pathogenic potential for sea bass cultures by virulence challenges.
-
Phobalysin, a Small β-Pore-Forming Toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
Infection and immunity, 2015Co-Authors: Amable J. Rivas, Carlos R. Osorio, Gisela Von Hoven, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Qianqian Qin, Sabine Füser, Klaus Boller, Manuel L. Lemos, Matthias HusmannAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an important pathogen of marine animals, may also cause septicemia or hyperaggressive necrotizing fasciitis in humans. We previously showed that Hemolysin genes are critical for virulence of this organism in mice and fish. In the present study, we characterized the hlyA gene product, a putative small β-pore-forming toxin, and termed it phobalysin P (PhlyP), for "photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid." PhlyP formed stable oligomers and small membrane pores, causing efflux of K(+), with no significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase but entry of vital dyes. The latter feature distinguished PhlyP from the related Vibrio cholerae cytolysin. Attack by PhlyP provoked a loss of cellular ATP, attenuated translation, and caused profound morphological changes in epithelial cells. In coculture experiments with epithelial cells, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae led to rapid Hemolysin-dependent membrane permeabilization. Unexpectedly, Hemolysins also promoted the association of P. damselae subsp. damselae with epithelial cells. The collective observations of this study suggest that membrane-damaging toxins commonly enhance bacterial adherence.
Matthias Husmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1-1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Image_1_Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.JPEG
2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1–1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Phobalysin, a Small β-Pore-Forming Toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
Infection and immunity, 2015Co-Authors: Amable J. Rivas, Carlos R. Osorio, Gisela Von Hoven, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Qianqian Qin, Sabine Füser, Klaus Boller, Manuel L. Lemos, Matthias HusmannAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an important pathogen of marine animals, may also cause septicemia or hyperaggressive necrotizing fasciitis in humans. We previously showed that Hemolysin genes are critical for virulence of this organism in mice and fish. In the present study, we characterized the hlyA gene product, a putative small β-pore-forming toxin, and termed it phobalysin P (PhlyP), for "photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid." PhlyP formed stable oligomers and small membrane pores, causing efflux of K(+), with no significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase but entry of vital dyes. The latter feature distinguished PhlyP from the related Vibrio cholerae cytolysin. Attack by PhlyP provoked a loss of cellular ATP, attenuated translation, and caused profound morphological changes in epithelial cells. In coculture experiments with epithelial cells, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae led to rapid Hemolysin-dependent membrane permeabilization. Unexpectedly, Hemolysins also promoted the association of P. damselae subsp. damselae with epithelial cells. The collective observations of this study suggest that membrane-damaging toxins commonly enhance bacterial adherence.
Amable J. Rivas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1-1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Image_1_Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.JPEG
2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1–1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Phobalysin, a Small β-Pore-Forming Toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
Infection and immunity, 2015Co-Authors: Amable J. Rivas, Carlos R. Osorio, Gisela Von Hoven, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Qianqian Qin, Sabine Füser, Klaus Boller, Manuel L. Lemos, Matthias HusmannAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an important pathogen of marine animals, may also cause septicemia or hyperaggressive necrotizing fasciitis in humans. We previously showed that Hemolysin genes are critical for virulence of this organism in mice and fish. In the present study, we characterized the hlyA gene product, a putative small β-pore-forming toxin, and termed it phobalysin P (PhlyP), for "photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid." PhlyP formed stable oligomers and small membrane pores, causing efflux of K(+), with no significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase but entry of vital dyes. The latter feature distinguished PhlyP from the related Vibrio cholerae cytolysin. Attack by PhlyP provoked a loss of cellular ATP, attenuated translation, and caused profound morphological changes in epithelial cells. In coculture experiments with epithelial cells, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae led to rapid Hemolysin-dependent membrane permeabilization. Unexpectedly, Hemolysins also promoted the association of P. damselae subsp. damselae with epithelial cells. The collective observations of this study suggest that membrane-damaging toxins commonly enhance bacterial adherence.
Toshiharu Shinjo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Interactions between Hemolysin, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes
Fems Microbiology Letters, 2006Co-Authors: Kingsley Kwaku Amoako, Naoki Misawa, De Long Xu, Yoshitaka Goto, Toshiharu ShinjoAbstract:The interactions between the Hemolysin of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes were studied as an attempt to determine the initial characteristics leading to hemolysis. The spectrum of erythrocyte sensitivity indicated that horse, dog and mouse erythrocytes were highly sensitive whereas those of cattle, sheep, goat and chicken were insensitive to the Hemolysin. Binding of Hemolysin to horse and dog erythrocytes or their ghosts was more pronounced than to those of cattle and sheep as detected by a decrease of hemolytic activity from Hemolysin preparations. The kinetics of hemolysis revealed that lysis is preceded by a prelytic phase characterized by binding of Hemolysin to erythrocytes. Treatment of horse erythrocytes with Hemolysin at various temperatures prior to incubation at 37°C also revealed that this binding prelytic phase is temperature independent. This was followed by a temperature dependent lytic stage since erythrocytes pretreated with Hemolysin and incubated at 4°C showed no hemolysis. An inverse relation was found between erythrocyte concentration and hemolytic activity suggesting a multiple-hit mechanism of hemolysis.
-
Interactions between Fusobacterium necrophorum Hemolysin, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes
FEMS microbiology letters, 1997Co-Authors: Kingsley Kwaku Amoako, Naoki Misawa, De Long Xu, Yoshitaka Goto, Toshiharu ShinjoAbstract:The interactions between the Hemolysin of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes were studied as an attempt to determine the initial characteristics leading to hemolysis. The spectrum of erythrocyte sensitivity indicated that horse, dog and mouse erythrocytes were highly sensitive whereas those of cattle, sheep, goat and chicken were insensitive to the Hemolysin. Binding of Hemolysin to horse and dog erythrocytes or their ghosts was more pronounced than to those of cattle and sheep as detected by a decrease of hemolytic activity from Hemolysin preparations. The kinetics of hemolysis revealed that lysis is preceded by a prelytic phase characterized by binding of Hemolysin to erythrocytes. Treatment of horse erythrocytes with Hemolysin at various temperatures prior to incubation at 37°C also revealed that this binding prelytic phase is temperature independent. This was followed by a temperature dependent lytic stage since erythrocytes pretreated with Hemolysin and incubated at 4°C showed no hemolysis. An inverse relation was found between erythrocyte concentration and hemolytic activity suggesting a multiple-hit mechanism of hemolysis.
-
Interactions between Hemolysin, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes
FEMS microbiology letters, 1997Co-Authors: Kingsley Kwaku Amoako, Naoki Misawa, De Long Xu, Yoshitaka Goto, Toshiharu ShinjoAbstract:The interactions between the Hemolysin of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, erythrocytes and erythrocyte membranes were studied as an attempt to determine the initial characteristics leading to hemolysis. The spectrum of erythrocyte sensitivity indicated that horse, dog and mouse erythrocytes were highly sensitive whereas those of cattle, sheep, goat and chicken were insensitive to the Hemolysin. Binding of Hemolysin to horse and dog erythrocytes or their ghosts was more pronounced than to those of cattle and sheep as detected by a decrease of hemolytic activity from Hemolysin preparations. The kinetics of hemolysis revealed that lysis is preceded by a prelytic phase characterized by binding of Hemolysin to erythrocytes. Treatment of horse erythrocytes with Hemolysin at various temperatures prior to incubation at 37 degrees C also revealed that this binding prelytic phase is temperature independent. This was followed by a temperature dependent lytic stage since erythrocytes pretreated with Hemolysin and incubated at 4 degrees C showed no hemolysis. An inverse relation was found between erythrocyte concentration and hemolytic activity suggesting a multiple-hit mechanism of hemolysis.
Gisela Von Hoven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.
Frontiers in microbiology, 2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1-1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Image_1_Cytotoxin- and Chemotaxis-Genes Cooperate to Promote Adhesion of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae.JPEG
2018Co-Authors: Gisela Von Hoven, Carlos R. Osorio, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Matthias Husmann, Ana Vences, Sabine Schmidt, Amable J. RivasAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is an emerging pathogen of marine animals that sometimes causes serious infections in humans. Two related pore forming toxins, phobalysins P and C, and damselysin, a phospholipase D, confer strong virulence of Pdd in mice. Because infections by Pdd are typically caused following exposure of wounds to sea water we investigated how salinity impacts toxin activity, swimming, and association of Pdd with epithelial cells. These activities were low when bacteria were pre-cultured in media with 3.5% NaCl, the global average salinity of sea water. In contrast, lower salinity increased swimming of wild type Pdd peaking at 2% NaCl, hemolysis, and association with epithelial cells peaking at 1–1.5%. Previously, we have found that Hemolysin genes enhance the association of Pdd with epithelial cells, but the underlying mechanisms have remained ill-defined. We here searched for potential links between Hemolysin-production, chemotaxis and association of Pdd with target cells at varying salt concentrations. Unexpectedly, disruption of chemotaxis regulator cheA not only affected bacterial swimming and association with epithelial cells at intermediate to low salinity, but also reduced the production of plasmid-encoded phobalysin (PhlyP). The results thus reveal unforeseen links between chemotaxis regulators, a pore forming toxin and the association of a marine bacterium with target cells.
-
Phobalysin, a Small β-Pore-Forming Toxin of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae
Infection and immunity, 2015Co-Authors: Amable J. Rivas, Carlos R. Osorio, Gisela Von Hoven, Claudia Neukirch, Martina Meyenburg, Qianqian Qin, Sabine Füser, Klaus Boller, Manuel L. Lemos, Matthias HusmannAbstract:Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, an important pathogen of marine animals, may also cause septicemia or hyperaggressive necrotizing fasciitis in humans. We previously showed that Hemolysin genes are critical for virulence of this organism in mice and fish. In the present study, we characterized the hlyA gene product, a putative small β-pore-forming toxin, and termed it phobalysin P (PhlyP), for "photobacterial lysin encoded on a plasmid." PhlyP formed stable oligomers and small membrane pores, causing efflux of K(+), with no significant leakage of lactate dehydrogenase but entry of vital dyes. The latter feature distinguished PhlyP from the related Vibrio cholerae cytolysin. Attack by PhlyP provoked a loss of cellular ATP, attenuated translation, and caused profound morphological changes in epithelial cells. In coculture experiments with epithelial cells, Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae led to rapid Hemolysin-dependent membrane permeabilization. Unexpectedly, Hemolysins also promoted the association of P. damselae subsp. damselae with epithelial cells. The collective observations of this study suggest that membrane-damaging toxins commonly enhance bacterial adherence.