The Experts below are selected from a list of 78 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Hany M Elsheikha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preliminary observations on infection of brackish and fresh water fish by heterophyid encysted metacercariae in Egypt
    Parasitology Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hany M Elsheikha, Assem M Elshazly
    Abstract:

    The infection status with heterophyids in the second intermediate host fish obtained from brackish and fresh water resources in Dakahlia governorate, northern Egypt was investigated. Encysted metacercariae (EMC) in the fish species Mugil cephalus , Mugil capito , Mugil auratus , Tilapia nilotica , and Tilapia zilli from brackish water and T. nilotica and T. zilli from fresh water were isolated by artificial digestion method and identified by microscopic examination. Morphometric analysis of EMC isolated from these fishes identified seven phenotypically distinct groups. No significant morphologic differences were detected between EMC of the same group obtained from different fish species. The adult flukes recovered from seven groups of puppies separately infected with distinct EMC groups were compatible with seven species belong to six genera of Heterophyidae namely Heterophyes Heterophyes , Heterophyes aequalis , Pygidiopsis genata , Haplorchis yokogawi , Prohemostomum vivax , Phagicola ascolonga , and Stictodora tridactyla . EMC of these seven heterophyid species were detected in all examined brackish water fishes. On the other hand, only EMC of P. genata , H. yokogawi , and P. ascolonga were detected in fresh water fishes, T. nilotica and T. zilli . These results indicate that heterophyid infections occur in brackish and fresh water fishes in northern Egypt, where the parasites are indigenous.

  • host dependent variations in the seasonal prevalence and intensity of heterophyid encysted metacercariae digenea heterophyidea in brackish water fish in egypt
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hany M Elsheikha, Assem M Elshazly
    Abstract:

    The prevalence of heterophyid (Digenea: Heterophyidae) encysted metacercariae (EMC) in its second intermediate host, the fish Mugil spp. and Tilapia spp. was studied in a subtropical permanent Lake in northeastern Egypt. Seasonal changes in the occurrence of the EMC in different fish hosts were monitored in a longitudinal field survey lasting 12 months from June 2006 to May 2007. This study tested two hypotheses; (i) prevalence and intensity of heterophyid EMC fluctuate seasonally throughout the year and (ii) variation in the prevalence and intensity of heterophyid EMC is host-dependent. A total of 832 fish specimens comprising 5 species collected from Manzala Lake, northeastern Egypt were examined by artificial gastric juice digestion for EMC. All five species of brackish water fish examined were found to harbor the EMC of the family Heterophyidae in their muscles. The overall infection prevalence of EMC over 12 months was 23.2%. The adult flukes recovered from puppies experimentally infected with morphologically different metacercariae from different fish species were compatible with six species belong to five genera of Heterophyidae, namely, Heterophyes Heterophyes, Heterophyes aequalis, Pygidiopsis genata, Phagicola sp., Haplorchis sp. and Stictodora sp. EMC of H. Heterophyes were most abundant, detected in 56% of the total fish examined. P. genata was ranked second, followed by Phagicola sp., H. aequalis, Haplorchis sp., and Stictodora sp., respectively. Seasonal differences in infection were observed for all heterophyid species studied in all fish species examined. Heterophyid infections reached peak prevalences during the summer season 38.2% followed by spring 26.6% and autumn 19.3% seasons, whereas the lowest prevalence was recorded in the winter 8.7%. Intensity of heterophyid EMC followed the same seasonal pattern, being high during summer months and low in winter months. All fish species were infected with all the heterophyid digeneans, but with different prevalence. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with reference to host, climatic and biotic factors.

  • comparison of three immunodiagnostic tests for experimental Heterophyes Heterophyes infection in dogs
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
    Co-Authors: A M Elshazly, Hany M Elsheikha, Mohammad H Rahbar, Soha I Awad
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three in-house diagnostic tests, i.e. counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE), intradermal (ID) and indirect fluorescent immunoassay (IFI), for the diagnosis of Heterophyes infection. One hundred and twenty puppies were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 15/group). Heterophyes Heterophyes infections were established in these puppies by administering a dose of 50 H. Heterophyes encysted metacercariae/puppy by gavage. Forty puppies of similar age and sex were divided into eight groups, of five puppies each and were used as negative controls. Sera pooled from separate infected and uninfected groups were tested against H. Heterophyes antigens, weekly for 8 weeks post-infection (PI). The ID assay detected infected puppies sooner than any of the serological tests. Sero-conversion was first detected 2 weeks PI by ID assay and 1 week later by CCIE and IFI assays. ID test performed well till the end of the experiment (sensitivity and specificity: 100% and 90%, respectively). Both IFI and CCIE assays had a sensitivity of 40% and 20%, respectively for early detection of antibody, which was less sensitive than ID but both assays were more specific (100%) than the ID assay. The lowest agreement was between ID and IFI tests (40.3%), whilst the highest was observed between CCIE and IFI tests (67.2%). Of the three evaluated methods, the ID test could be recommended for scientific and laboratory diagnosis of heterophyosis in naturally infected animals. However, since none of the investigated method are optimal (i.e, offers 100% specificity and sensitivity), the choice of test employed must depend on the aim of the study.

  • host induced phenotypic differences in egyptian Heterophyes Heterophyes digenea heterophyidae
    Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Atef M Elshazly, Hany M Elsheikha, Doaa M Soltan, Gazaa H Morsy, T A Morsy
    Abstract:

    A comparative morphometric study identified host-related variations in Heterophyes Heterophyes. In one study, variations in adult H. Heterophyes obtained from different definitive hosts were examined. Significant differences were in size and dimensions of body organs of adults collected from dogs, cats and albino-rats experimentally infected with encysted metacercariae (EMC) from mullet (Mugil cephalus). Hypotheses on the sources of host-dependent variations were interpreted in terms of adaptation to conditions created by the host. In a second study, comparative morphometric analysis of adults recovered from puppies experimentally fed on EMC isolated from five sympatric fish species was done. No significant differences were in adults H. Heterophyes recovered from puppies feed on EMC of different fishes. Constancy in morphological characters of adults reared in the same host, independent of a change of fish was seen. So, the variations depend upon host species where worms develop, and host selection may determine the worm morphology and phenotypic plasticity.

Assem M Elshazly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preliminary observations on infection of brackish and fresh water fish by heterophyid encysted metacercariae in Egypt
    Parasitology Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hany M Elsheikha, Assem M Elshazly
    Abstract:

    The infection status with heterophyids in the second intermediate host fish obtained from brackish and fresh water resources in Dakahlia governorate, northern Egypt was investigated. Encysted metacercariae (EMC) in the fish species Mugil cephalus , Mugil capito , Mugil auratus , Tilapia nilotica , and Tilapia zilli from brackish water and T. nilotica and T. zilli from fresh water were isolated by artificial digestion method and identified by microscopic examination. Morphometric analysis of EMC isolated from these fishes identified seven phenotypically distinct groups. No significant morphologic differences were detected between EMC of the same group obtained from different fish species. The adult flukes recovered from seven groups of puppies separately infected with distinct EMC groups were compatible with seven species belong to six genera of Heterophyidae namely Heterophyes Heterophyes , Heterophyes aequalis , Pygidiopsis genata , Haplorchis yokogawi , Prohemostomum vivax , Phagicola ascolonga , and Stictodora tridactyla . EMC of these seven heterophyid species were detected in all examined brackish water fishes. On the other hand, only EMC of P. genata , H. yokogawi , and P. ascolonga were detected in fresh water fishes, T. nilotica and T. zilli . These results indicate that heterophyid infections occur in brackish and fresh water fishes in northern Egypt, where the parasites are indigenous.

  • host dependent variations in the seasonal prevalence and intensity of heterophyid encysted metacercariae digenea heterophyidea in brackish water fish in egypt
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Hany M Elsheikha, Assem M Elshazly
    Abstract:

    The prevalence of heterophyid (Digenea: Heterophyidae) encysted metacercariae (EMC) in its second intermediate host, the fish Mugil spp. and Tilapia spp. was studied in a subtropical permanent Lake in northeastern Egypt. Seasonal changes in the occurrence of the EMC in different fish hosts were monitored in a longitudinal field survey lasting 12 months from June 2006 to May 2007. This study tested two hypotheses; (i) prevalence and intensity of heterophyid EMC fluctuate seasonally throughout the year and (ii) variation in the prevalence and intensity of heterophyid EMC is host-dependent. A total of 832 fish specimens comprising 5 species collected from Manzala Lake, northeastern Egypt were examined by artificial gastric juice digestion for EMC. All five species of brackish water fish examined were found to harbor the EMC of the family Heterophyidae in their muscles. The overall infection prevalence of EMC over 12 months was 23.2%. The adult flukes recovered from puppies experimentally infected with morphologically different metacercariae from different fish species were compatible with six species belong to five genera of Heterophyidae, namely, Heterophyes Heterophyes, Heterophyes aequalis, Pygidiopsis genata, Phagicola sp., Haplorchis sp. and Stictodora sp. EMC of H. Heterophyes were most abundant, detected in 56% of the total fish examined. P. genata was ranked second, followed by Phagicola sp., H. aequalis, Haplorchis sp., and Stictodora sp., respectively. Seasonal differences in infection were observed for all heterophyid species studied in all fish species examined. Heterophyid infections reached peak prevalences during the summer season 38.2% followed by spring 26.6% and autumn 19.3% seasons, whereas the lowest prevalence was recorded in the winter 8.7%. Intensity of heterophyid EMC followed the same seasonal pattern, being high during summer months and low in winter months. All fish species were infected with all the heterophyid digeneans, but with different prevalence. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with reference to host, climatic and biotic factors.

Reda E. Khalafalla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Survey Study on Gastrointestinal Parasites of Stray Cats in Northern Region of Nile Delta, Egypt
    PLoS ONE, 2011
    Co-Authors: Reda E. Khalafalla
    Abstract:

    A survey study on gastrointestinal parasites in 113 faecal samples from stray cats collected randomly from Kafrelsheikh province, northern region of Nile delta of Egypt; was conducted in the period between January and May 2010. The overall prevalence was 91%. The results of this study reported seven helminth species: Toxocara cati (9%), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (4%), Toxascaris leonina (5%), Dipylidium caninum (5%), Capillaria spp. (3%), Taenia taeniformis (22%) and Heterophyes Heterophyes (3%), four protozoal species: Toxoplasma gondii (9%), Sarcocyst spp. (1%), Isospora spp. (2%) and Giardia spp. (2%) and two arthropod species; Linguatula serrata (2%) and mites eggs (13%). The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites may continue to rise due to lack of functional veterinary clinics for cat care in Egypt. Therefore, there is a need to plan adequate control programs to diagnose, treat and control gastrointestinal parasites of companion as well as stray cats in the region.

Soha I Awad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • comparison of three immunodiagnostic tests for experimental Heterophyes Heterophyes infection in dogs
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2008
    Co-Authors: A M Elshazly, Hany M Elsheikha, Mohammad H Rahbar, Soha I Awad
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to compare the performance of three in-house diagnostic tests, i.e. counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE), intradermal (ID) and indirect fluorescent immunoassay (IFI), for the diagnosis of Heterophyes infection. One hundred and twenty puppies were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 15/group). Heterophyes Heterophyes infections were established in these puppies by administering a dose of 50 H. Heterophyes encysted metacercariae/puppy by gavage. Forty puppies of similar age and sex were divided into eight groups, of five puppies each and were used as negative controls. Sera pooled from separate infected and uninfected groups were tested against H. Heterophyes antigens, weekly for 8 weeks post-infection (PI). The ID assay detected infected puppies sooner than any of the serological tests. Sero-conversion was first detected 2 weeks PI by ID assay and 1 week later by CCIE and IFI assays. ID test performed well till the end of the experiment (sensitivity and specificity: 100% and 90%, respectively). Both IFI and CCIE assays had a sensitivity of 40% and 20%, respectively for early detection of antibody, which was less sensitive than ID but both assays were more specific (100%) than the ID assay. The lowest agreement was between ID and IFI tests (40.3%), whilst the highest was observed between CCIE and IFI tests (67.2%). Of the three evaluated methods, the ID test could be recommended for scientific and laboratory diagnosis of heterophyosis in naturally infected animals. However, since none of the investigated method are optimal (i.e, offers 100% specificity and sensitivity), the choice of test employed must depend on the aim of the study.

Hebert Adrianto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kontaminasi Telur Cacing pada Sayur dan Upaya Pencegahannya
    Balai Litbang P2B2 Banjarnegara, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hebert Adrianto
    Abstract:

    ABSTRAK Infeksi cacing merupakan permasalahan yang banyak ditemukan di negara berkembang dan belum tuntas diselesaikan. Sayur lalapan dapat menjadi media penularan telur cacing ke manusia. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis telur cacing yang ditemukan pada sayuran dan upaya pencegahan menurut siklus hidup cacing tersebut. Tulisan ini mengkaji 4 jurnal penelitian Indonesia, 22 jurnal penelitian internasional, website WHO, dan buku teks yang relevan dengan topik kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan jenis telur cacing yang ditemukan pada sayuran tidak hanya Nematoda Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) seperti Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, dan Strongyloides stercoralis, tetapi juga Nematoda lainnya (Trichostrongylus, Toxocara, Trichocephal, dan Enterobius vermicularis), kelompok cacing Cestoda (Taenia spp., Hymenolepis nana, dan H. diminuta), kelompok Trematoda (Heterophyes Heterophyes, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola, dan Dicrocoelium dendriticum). Setiap spesies cacing memiliki siklus hidup dan hospes perantara yang berbeda. Upaya pencegahan untuk menghindari risiko infeksi memerlukan kerja sama lintas program, lintas sektor, dan masyarakat dengan memperhatikan siklus hidup cacing. Kata kunci: sayur, telur cacing, pencegahan, kerjasama ABSTRACTHelminth infections are the most common infections in developing countries and still need to be eradicated. Fresh vegetables can be the source for transmission of helminth egg to humans. The aims of this paper are to identify the types of helminth egg which found in vegetables and prevention efforts according to the helminth life cycle. A literature review was arranged by review of 4 articles Indonesian research journal, 22 articles non Indonesia research journal, WHO website, and textbooks relevant to the study topic. The paper describes list of helminth eggs in vegetables, environmental, behaviors, and host-related helminth analyzes in vegetables, and prevention efforts based life cycle of helminthes. The study found that helminth eggs in vegetables were not only Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) Nematode such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Strongyloides stercoralis, but also another nematode (Trichostrongylus, Toxocara, Trichocephal, and Enterobius vermicularis), cestoda groups (Taenia spp., Hymenolepis nana, and H. diminuta), Trematode groups (Heterophyes Heterophyes, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola, and Dicrocoelium dendriticum). Each helminthes species have a different life cycle and intermediate host. Our prevention efforts to avoid infection risk require cooperation across programs, sectors, and community and should consider the helminth life cycles.Keywords: vegetables, helminth eggs, prevention, cooperation