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Grzegorz Pieńkowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A dinosaur track assemblage from the Upper Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) marginal-marine deposits of Zapniów, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Geological Quarterly, 2016Co-Authors: Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz PieńkowskiAbstract:Upper Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) marginal-marine Przysucha Ore-bearing Formation exposed at Zapniow mine and clay-pit (northwestern part of the Holy Cross Mountains area, central Poland) revealed an interesting assemblage of dinosaur tracks. Although mostly yielding poorly preserved and isolated tracks probably left in shallow water conditions, the site nevertheless indicates a diversity of early saurischian (theropods and sauropodomorphs) and ornithischian (thyreophorans) dinosaur trackmakers. This new assemblage is partly consistent with the Lower-Middle Hettangian ichnorecord from the same region. The tracks are preserved in sediments of a barrier-foreshore origin within a barrier/lagoonal depositional system, belonging to the highstand systems tract, located below a marked erosional surface (sequence boundary), which is associated with a substantial fall in sea level at the end of Hettangian times. Here we described all previously and newly collected or observed in the field dinosaur tracks from both surface and underground exposures at Zapniow. Four ichnospecies: Grallator isp., Anchisauripus isp., cf. Tetrasauropus isp., and cf. Anomoepus isp. were identified. The theropod and ornithischian tracks show distinct similarities to those described from the richest in this region and most famous Gliniany Las dinosaur track assemblage, in age approximately coeval to Zapniow. Two sizes of theropod tracks (small and medium) indicate the presence of two different size classes or species of predators in this area. The described cf. Tetrasauropus isp. from Zapniow is the first unquestioned evidence of basal sauropodomorphs in the Upper Hettangian of the Holy Cross Mountains and first record of this ichnotaxa in the Lower Jurassic of Poland. Additionally, two theropod trackways ( Anchisauripus isp.) show evidence for trotting. The new finds suggest similarities between marginal-marine environments (delta-plain and foreshore-barrier/lagoon lithofacies) association of dinosaurs containing low-browsing thyreophorans accompanied by small or juvenile sauropodomorphs and small to medium sized theropods. Presence of the ornithischian footprints suggests their prominent role as a major component in Middle-Upper Hettangian dinosaur faunas in marginal-marine environments dominating in the region
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Dinosaur track assemblages from the Hettangian of Poland
Geological Quarterly, 2013Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz PieńkowskiAbstract:Almost all dinosaur tracks in Poland come from three lowermost formations of the Lower Jurassic in the Holy Cross Mountains: Zagaje Formation, Skloby Formation and Przysucha Ore-Bearing Formation. Floristic remains and sequence stratigraphy correlation indicate the Hettangian age of all three formations. They represent various continental and marginal-marine environments. Fluvial and lacustrine sediments dominate in the continental Zagaje Formation, while the nearshore and deltaic facies are dominant in the two overlying formations. Various ornithischian, sauropod and theropod tracks occur in these sediments. Parallel sauropod trackways reported herein are the earliest record of sauropod gregarious behavior. Moreover, the present paper summarises and systematises the whole existing material, addressing the ichnosystematic and preservational aspects. Dinosaur tracks assemblages are assigned to three parts of the lithostratigraphical succession in which they occur and are discussed against their palaeoenvironmental background. Two general assemblages are distinguished: lower Zagaje assemblage of an inland, humid habitat with both low-and high-growing vegetation, dominated by high browsing herbivores (sauropod trackmakers of Parabrontopodus ) and medium-to large-sized predators (theropod trackmakers of Anchisauripus and Kayentapus ), and upper Zagaje-Skloby-Przysucha assemblage, representing deltaic plain-shoreline habitats with low, dense vegetation, dominated by low browsing herbivores (ornithischian trackmakers of Anomoepus and Moyenisauropus ), associated by small-to medium-sized predators (theropod trackmakers of Grallator and Anchisauripus ). Dinosaur ichnofauna from Poland rather poorly reflects biostratigraphical vertebrate faunal change in Early Jurassic time, but it does reflect environmental and biogeographical differences quite well. The discussed data imply also a high dinosaur phylogenetical diversity as early as in the Hettangian age.
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Ptychoplasma conica isp. nov. : a new bivalve locomotion trace fossil from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) alluvial sediments of Sołtyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Geological Quarterly, 2009Co-Authors: Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Alfred UchmanAbstract:A new locomotion (repichnion) trace fossil, Ptychoplasma conica isp. nov., which is composed of chains of hypichnial mounds, is described from Hettangian alluvial sediments in Central Poland. Its occurrence is limited to amalgamated crevasse sandstones. The trace fossil is associated with freshwater bivalves belonging probably to Unionidae. This trace fossil reflects rhythmic (?diurnal) movement of the tracemaker in accordance with the direction of flow in the crevasse channel, where the forward movement took place in the shallow part of a sandstone layer and was interrupted by resting episodes in deeper sediment layer along the mud-sand interface. Episodic flood events forced bivalves to produce escape structures, moving from deeper (previous) to upper (later) levels of lateral movements. Some vertical burrows with bivalve body fossils preserved at the bottom suggest a taphonomic burial. P. conica ranges from Late Triassic to Hettangian.
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tetrapod track assemblage in the Hettangian of soltykow poland and its paleoenvironmental background
Ichnos-an International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Grzegorz NiedźwiedzkiAbstract:Large theropod and sauropod footprints predominated in the continental Zagaje Formation (early Hettangian) exposed in the Soltykow outcrop. Geological and paleobotanical data indicate an inland seasonal habitat with low and high growing vegetation on the flood plain. The theropod-sauropod ichnofauna also contains occasional footprints of small ornithischians and mammals. The Soltykow track assemblage, together with other similar assemblages, suggests a wide range of habitats occupied by sauropods.
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Tetrapod Track Assemblage in the Hettangian of Sołtyków, Poland, and its Paleoenvironmental Background
Ichnos, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Grzegorz NiedźwiedzkiAbstract:Large theropod and sauropod footprints predominated in the continental Zagaje Formation (early Hettangian) exposed in the Soltykow outcrop. Geological and paleobotanical data indicate an inland seasonal habitat with low and high growing vegetation on the flood plain. The theropod-sauropod ichnofauna also contains occasional footprints of small ornithischians and mammals. The Soltykow track assemblage, together with other similar assemblages, suggests a wide range of habitats occupied by sauropods.
Gerard D. Gierliński - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dinosaur track assemblages from the Hettangian of Poland
Geological Quarterly, 2013Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz PieńkowskiAbstract:Almost all dinosaur tracks in Poland come from three lowermost formations of the Lower Jurassic in the Holy Cross Mountains: Zagaje Formation, Skloby Formation and Przysucha Ore-Bearing Formation. Floristic remains and sequence stratigraphy correlation indicate the Hettangian age of all three formations. They represent various continental and marginal-marine environments. Fluvial and lacustrine sediments dominate in the continental Zagaje Formation, while the nearshore and deltaic facies are dominant in the two overlying formations. Various ornithischian, sauropod and theropod tracks occur in these sediments. Parallel sauropod trackways reported herein are the earliest record of sauropod gregarious behavior. Moreover, the present paper summarises and systematises the whole existing material, addressing the ichnosystematic and preservational aspects. Dinosaur tracks assemblages are assigned to three parts of the lithostratigraphical succession in which they occur and are discussed against their palaeoenvironmental background. Two general assemblages are distinguished: lower Zagaje assemblage of an inland, humid habitat with both low-and high-growing vegetation, dominated by high browsing herbivores (sauropod trackmakers of Parabrontopodus ) and medium-to large-sized predators (theropod trackmakers of Anchisauripus and Kayentapus ), and upper Zagaje-Skloby-Przysucha assemblage, representing deltaic plain-shoreline habitats with low, dense vegetation, dominated by low browsing herbivores (ornithischian trackmakers of Anomoepus and Moyenisauropus ), associated by small-to medium-sized predators (theropod trackmakers of Grallator and Anchisauripus ). Dinosaur ichnofauna from Poland rather poorly reflects biostratigraphical vertebrate faunal change in Early Jurassic time, but it does reflect environmental and biogeographical differences quite well. The discussed data imply also a high dinosaur phylogenetical diversity as early as in the Hettangian age.
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tetrapod track assemblage in the Hettangian of soltykow poland and its paleoenvironmental background
Ichnos-an International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Grzegorz NiedźwiedzkiAbstract:Large theropod and sauropod footprints predominated in the continental Zagaje Formation (early Hettangian) exposed in the Soltykow outcrop. Geological and paleobotanical data indicate an inland seasonal habitat with low and high growing vegetation on the flood plain. The theropod-sauropod ichnofauna also contains occasional footprints of small ornithischians and mammals. The Soltykow track assemblage, together with other similar assemblages, suggests a wide range of habitats occupied by sauropods.
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Tetrapod Track Assemblage in the Hettangian of Sołtyków, Poland, and its Paleoenvironmental Background
Ichnos, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Grzegorz NiedźwiedzkiAbstract:Large theropod and sauropod footprints predominated in the continental Zagaje Formation (early Hettangian) exposed in the Soltykow outcrop. Geological and paleobotanical data indicate an inland seasonal habitat with low and high growing vegetation on the flood plain. The theropod-sauropod ichnofauna also contains occasional footprints of small ornithischians and mammals. The Soltykow track assemblage, together with other similar assemblages, suggests a wide range of habitats occupied by sauropods.
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Late triassic and early jurassic dinosaur footprints in the höganäs formation of southern Sweden
Ichnos, 1994Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Anders AhlbergAbstract:Dinosaur footprints occur in fluvial and deltaic Rhaetian and Hettangian strata of the Hoganas Formation in Skane (Scania), southern Sweden. The Rhaetian tracks are assigned to Grallator (Eubrontes) cf. giganteus while the Hettangian ones are assigned to Grallator (Eubrontes) soltykovensis. The tracks were left by large theropods crossing deltaic and alluvial plains.
Maria Ovtcharova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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precise u pb age constraints for end triassic mass extinction its correlation to volcanism and Hettangian post extinction recovery
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008Co-Authors: Urs Schaltegger, Jean Guex, Annachiara Bartolini, Blair Schoene, Maria OvtcharovaAbstract:Abstract New precise zircon U–Pb ages are proposed for the Triassic–Jurassic (Rhetian–Hettangian) and the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The ages were obtained by ID-TIMS dating of single chemical-abraded zircons from volcanic ash layers within the Pucara Group, Aramachay Formation in the Utcubamba valley, northern Peru. Ash layers situated between last and first occurrences of boundary-defining ammonites yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 201.58 ± 0.17/0.28 Ma (95% c.l., uncertainties without/with decay constant errors, respectively) for the Triassic–Jurassic and of 199.53 ± 0.19 / 0.29 Ma for the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The former is established on a tuff located 1 m above the last local occurrence of the topmost Triassic genus Choristoceras, and 5 m below the Hettangian genus Psiloceras. The latter sample was obtained from a tuff collected within the Badouxia canadensis beds. Our new ages document total duration of the Hettagian of no more than c. 2 m.y., which has fundamental implications for the interpretation and significance of the ammonite recovery after the topmost Triassic extinction. The U–Pb age is about 0.8 ± 0.5% older than 40Ar–39Ar dates determined on flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Given the widely accepted hypothesis that inaccuracies in the 40K decay constants or physical constants create a similar bias between the two dating methods, our new U–Pb zircon age determination for the T/J boundary corroborates the hypothesis that the CAMP was emplaced at the same time and may be responsible for a major climatic turnover and mass extinction. The zircon 206Pb/238U age for the T/J boundary is marginally older than the North Mountain Basalt (Newark Supergroup, Nova Scotia, Canada), which has been dated at 201.27 ± 0.06 Ma [Schoene et al., 2006. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 426–445]. It will be important to look for older eruptions of the CAMP and date them precisely by U–Pb techniques while addressing all sources of systematic uncertainty to further test the hypothesis of volcanic induced climate change leading to extinction. Such high-precision, high-accuracy data will be instrumental for constraining the contemporaneity of geological events at a 100 kyr level.
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Precise U–Pb age constraints for end-Triassic mass extinction, its correlation to volcanism and Hettangian post-extinction recovery
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Urs Schaltegger, Jean Guex, Annachiara Bartolini, Blair Schoene, Maria OvtcharovaAbstract:Abstract New precise zircon U–Pb ages are proposed for the Triassic–Jurassic (Rhetian–Hettangian) and the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The ages were obtained by ID-TIMS dating of single chemical-abraded zircons from volcanic ash layers within the Pucara Group, Aramachay Formation in the Utcubamba valley, northern Peru. Ash layers situated between last and first occurrences of boundary-defining ammonites yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 201.58 ± 0.17/0.28 Ma (95% c.l., uncertainties without/with decay constant errors, respectively) for the Triassic–Jurassic and of 199.53 ± 0.19 / 0.29 Ma for the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The former is established on a tuff located 1 m above the last local occurrence of the topmost Triassic genus Choristoceras, and 5 m below the Hettangian genus Psiloceras. The latter sample was obtained from a tuff collected within the Badouxia canadensis beds. Our new ages document total duration of the Hettagian of no more than c. 2 m.y., which has fundamental implications for the interpretation and significance of the ammonite recovery after the topmost Triassic extinction. The U–Pb age is about 0.8 ± 0.5% older than 40Ar–39Ar dates determined on flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Given the widely accepted hypothesis that inaccuracies in the 40K decay constants or physical constants create a similar bias between the two dating methods, our new U–Pb zircon age determination for the T/J boundary corroborates the hypothesis that the CAMP was emplaced at the same time and may be responsible for a major climatic turnover and mass extinction. The zircon 206Pb/238U age for the T/J boundary is marginally older than the North Mountain Basalt (Newark Supergroup, Nova Scotia, Canada), which has been dated at 201.27 ± 0.06 Ma [Schoene et al., 2006. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 426–445]. It will be important to look for older eruptions of the CAMP and date them precisely by U–Pb techniques while addressing all sources of systematic uncertainty to further test the hypothesis of volcanic induced climate change leading to extinction. Such high-precision, high-accuracy data will be instrumental for constraining the contemporaneity of geological events at a 100 kyr level.
Jean Guex - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Retrograde Evolution of Corals at the End Triassic Crisis
Retrograde Evolution During Major Extinction Crises, 2016Co-Authors: Jean GuexAbstract:During the Upper Triassic and before the End Triassic Extinction the scleractinian corals were the most important reef builders. At the end of the Triassic they underwent a marked decline that which has been called a “reef gap” during the Early Jurassic. In fact that gap is not so important because the coral diversity in the Hettangian is already important (see Gretz et al., 2015). The oldest known lower Jurassic reefs discussed in this short chapter are located in the Hettangian from Ardeche (southern France).
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Disentangling the Hettangian carbon isotope record: Implications for the aftermath of the end-Triassic mass extinction
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2012Co-Authors: Annachiara Bartolini, Urs Schaltegger, Jean Guex, Blair Schoene, Jorge E. Spangenberg, David Taylor, Viorel AtudoreiAbstract:[1] This study provides an organic carbon stable isotope (δ13Corg) record calibrated with detailed ammonite biostratigraphy, following the end-Triassic biological crisis. Precise correlation between this crucial fossil group and the δ13Corg record is key to understanding feedbacks between biological and environmental events following mass extinction. The latest Triassic and Hettangian δ13Corg record shows several negative and positive excursions. The end-Triassic negative shift coinciding with the mass extinction interval is followed by a positive excursion in the earliest Hettangian Psiloceras spelae beds, which marks the onset of recovery in the marine ecosystem. This positive trend is interrupted by a second negative δ13Corg excursion in the P. pacificum beds related to a minor ammonite extinction event. This pattern of the δ13Corg curve culminates in the uppermost Hettangian Angulata Zone major positive excursion. This indicates that both the ecosystem and the carbon cycle remained in a state of perturbation for at least 2 Ma, although the recovery of some pelagic taxa already began at the base of Jurassic. The early and late Hettangian positive δ13Corg excursions have been confused in several recent papers. Here, we show that during the Hettangian there are indeed two distinct positive δ13Corg excursions. Phases of anoxia and further pulses of Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism during the Hettangian might have inhibited the full recovery for that interval of time. The main Liasicus-Angulata organic positive CIE (carbon isotope excursion) during the Late Hettangian might be related to gradual decreasing of pCO2 due to protracted high organic burial, and coincides with a second phase of recovery, as indicated by a pulse of ammonoid diversification.
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precise u pb age constraints for end triassic mass extinction its correlation to volcanism and Hettangian post extinction recovery
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2008Co-Authors: Urs Schaltegger, Jean Guex, Annachiara Bartolini, Blair Schoene, Maria OvtcharovaAbstract:Abstract New precise zircon U–Pb ages are proposed for the Triassic–Jurassic (Rhetian–Hettangian) and the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The ages were obtained by ID-TIMS dating of single chemical-abraded zircons from volcanic ash layers within the Pucara Group, Aramachay Formation in the Utcubamba valley, northern Peru. Ash layers situated between last and first occurrences of boundary-defining ammonites yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 201.58 ± 0.17/0.28 Ma (95% c.l., uncertainties without/with decay constant errors, respectively) for the Triassic–Jurassic and of 199.53 ± 0.19 / 0.29 Ma for the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The former is established on a tuff located 1 m above the last local occurrence of the topmost Triassic genus Choristoceras, and 5 m below the Hettangian genus Psiloceras. The latter sample was obtained from a tuff collected within the Badouxia canadensis beds. Our new ages document total duration of the Hettagian of no more than c. 2 m.y., which has fundamental implications for the interpretation and significance of the ammonite recovery after the topmost Triassic extinction. The U–Pb age is about 0.8 ± 0.5% older than 40Ar–39Ar dates determined on flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Given the widely accepted hypothesis that inaccuracies in the 40K decay constants or physical constants create a similar bias between the two dating methods, our new U–Pb zircon age determination for the T/J boundary corroborates the hypothesis that the CAMP was emplaced at the same time and may be responsible for a major climatic turnover and mass extinction. The zircon 206Pb/238U age for the T/J boundary is marginally older than the North Mountain Basalt (Newark Supergroup, Nova Scotia, Canada), which has been dated at 201.27 ± 0.06 Ma [Schoene et al., 2006. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 426–445]. It will be important to look for older eruptions of the CAMP and date them precisely by U–Pb techniques while addressing all sources of systematic uncertainty to further test the hypothesis of volcanic induced climate change leading to extinction. Such high-precision, high-accuracy data will be instrumental for constraining the contemporaneity of geological events at a 100 kyr level.
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Precise U–Pb age constraints for end-Triassic mass extinction, its correlation to volcanism and Hettangian post-extinction recovery
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2007Co-Authors: Urs Schaltegger, Jean Guex, Annachiara Bartolini, Blair Schoene, Maria OvtcharovaAbstract:Abstract New precise zircon U–Pb ages are proposed for the Triassic–Jurassic (Rhetian–Hettangian) and the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The ages were obtained by ID-TIMS dating of single chemical-abraded zircons from volcanic ash layers within the Pucara Group, Aramachay Formation in the Utcubamba valley, northern Peru. Ash layers situated between last and first occurrences of boundary-defining ammonites yielded 206Pb/238U ages of 201.58 ± 0.17/0.28 Ma (95% c.l., uncertainties without/with decay constant errors, respectively) for the Triassic–Jurassic and of 199.53 ± 0.19 / 0.29 Ma for the Hettangian–Sinemurian boundaries. The former is established on a tuff located 1 m above the last local occurrence of the topmost Triassic genus Choristoceras, and 5 m below the Hettangian genus Psiloceras. The latter sample was obtained from a tuff collected within the Badouxia canadensis beds. Our new ages document total duration of the Hettagian of no more than c. 2 m.y., which has fundamental implications for the interpretation and significance of the ammonite recovery after the topmost Triassic extinction. The U–Pb age is about 0.8 ± 0.5% older than 40Ar–39Ar dates determined on flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Given the widely accepted hypothesis that inaccuracies in the 40K decay constants or physical constants create a similar bias between the two dating methods, our new U–Pb zircon age determination for the T/J boundary corroborates the hypothesis that the CAMP was emplaced at the same time and may be responsible for a major climatic turnover and mass extinction. The zircon 206Pb/238U age for the T/J boundary is marginally older than the North Mountain Basalt (Newark Supergroup, Nova Scotia, Canada), which has been dated at 201.27 ± 0.06 Ma [Schoene et al., 2006. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 426–445]. It will be important to look for older eruptions of the CAMP and date them precisely by U–Pb techniques while addressing all sources of systematic uncertainty to further test the hypothesis of volcanic induced climate change leading to extinction. Such high-precision, high-accuracy data will be instrumental for constraining the contemporaneity of geological events at a 100 kyr level.
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Hettangian and Sinemurian Ammonoid Zonation for the Western Cordillera of North America
2001Co-Authors: David Taylor, Jean Guex, Milos RakusAbstract:Eighteen Zones and seven ammonite Subzones are recognized for the Hettangian and Sinemurian stages in the Western Cordillera (North America). All except the Canadensis Zone are described as new. The sequence is based primarily on sections from the Graylock Formation in Oregon and the Sunrise Formation in Nevada, while relevant sections from Mexico and British Columbia are referred to the succession. The Spelae Zone through the Rursicostatum Subzone are allocated to the Hettangian Stage, while the Columbine Subzone through the Harbledownense Zone are referred to the Sinemurian Stage. One new genus (Bartoliniceras gen. n.) and seven new species are defined herein.
Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A dinosaur track assemblage from the Upper Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) marginal-marine deposits of Zapniów, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland
Geological Quarterly, 2016Co-Authors: Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki, Grzegorz PieńkowskiAbstract:Upper Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) marginal-marine Przysucha Ore-bearing Formation exposed at Zapniow mine and clay-pit (northwestern part of the Holy Cross Mountains area, central Poland) revealed an interesting assemblage of dinosaur tracks. Although mostly yielding poorly preserved and isolated tracks probably left in shallow water conditions, the site nevertheless indicates a diversity of early saurischian (theropods and sauropodomorphs) and ornithischian (thyreophorans) dinosaur trackmakers. This new assemblage is partly consistent with the Lower-Middle Hettangian ichnorecord from the same region. The tracks are preserved in sediments of a barrier-foreshore origin within a barrier/lagoonal depositional system, belonging to the highstand systems tract, located below a marked erosional surface (sequence boundary), which is associated with a substantial fall in sea level at the end of Hettangian times. Here we described all previously and newly collected or observed in the field dinosaur tracks from both surface and underground exposures at Zapniow. Four ichnospecies: Grallator isp., Anchisauripus isp., cf. Tetrasauropus isp., and cf. Anomoepus isp. were identified. The theropod and ornithischian tracks show distinct similarities to those described from the richest in this region and most famous Gliniany Las dinosaur track assemblage, in age approximately coeval to Zapniow. Two sizes of theropod tracks (small and medium) indicate the presence of two different size classes or species of predators in this area. The described cf. Tetrasauropus isp. from Zapniow is the first unquestioned evidence of basal sauropodomorphs in the Upper Hettangian of the Holy Cross Mountains and first record of this ichnotaxa in the Lower Jurassic of Poland. Additionally, two theropod trackways ( Anchisauripus isp.) show evidence for trotting. The new finds suggest similarities between marginal-marine environments (delta-plain and foreshore-barrier/lagoon lithofacies) association of dinosaurs containing low-browsing thyreophorans accompanied by small or juvenile sauropodomorphs and small to medium sized theropods. Presence of the ornithischian footprints suggests their prominent role as a major component in Middle-Upper Hettangian dinosaur faunas in marginal-marine environments dominating in the region
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tetrapod track assemblage in the Hettangian of soltykow poland and its paleoenvironmental background
Ichnos-an International Journal for Plant and Animal Traces, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Grzegorz NiedźwiedzkiAbstract:Large theropod and sauropod footprints predominated in the continental Zagaje Formation (early Hettangian) exposed in the Soltykow outcrop. Geological and paleobotanical data indicate an inland seasonal habitat with low and high growing vegetation on the flood plain. The theropod-sauropod ichnofauna also contains occasional footprints of small ornithischians and mammals. The Soltykow track assemblage, together with other similar assemblages, suggests a wide range of habitats occupied by sauropods.
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Tetrapod Track Assemblage in the Hettangian of Sołtyków, Poland, and its Paleoenvironmental Background
Ichnos, 2004Co-Authors: Gerard D. Gierliński, Grzegorz Pieńkowski, Grzegorz NiedźwiedzkiAbstract:Large theropod and sauropod footprints predominated in the continental Zagaje Formation (early Hettangian) exposed in the Soltykow outcrop. Geological and paleobotanical data indicate an inland seasonal habitat with low and high growing vegetation on the flood plain. The theropod-sauropod ichnofauna also contains occasional footprints of small ornithischians and mammals. The Soltykow track assemblage, together with other similar assemblages, suggests a wide range of habitats occupied by sauropods.