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Xiangfei Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term administration of benfotiamine benefits the glucose homeostasis of juvenile blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala fed a High Carbohydrate Diet
Aquaculture, 2017Co-Authors: Chao Xu, Guangzhen Jiang, Bingke Wang, Xiangfei LiAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of benfotiamine on growth performance, glucose homeostasis and intermediary glucose metabolism of blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ). A total of 240 fish (average body weight: 24.24 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks and fed three Diets (control, Diet with 30% Carbohydrate; HC, Diet with 43% Carbohydrate; HCB, HC Diet supplemented with 2.85 mg/kg benfotiamine) for 12 weeks. The results indicated that fish fed the HCB Diet had a lower specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed the control and HC Diets, whereas protein efficiency ratio, nitrogen retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency showed an opposite trend. Additionally, fish offered HCB Diet showed relatively High values of whole-body lipid contents, tissue glycogen and lipid contents and plasma insulin levels, whereas plasma levels of glucose, advanced glycation end products and glycated serum protein significantly decreased compared with other treatments. Furthermore, benfotiamine improved the glucose tolerance of fish fed HC Diet after a glucose load. High Carbohydrate intake significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose transporter 2, glycogen synthase, fatty acid synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, whereas the opposite was true for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-biphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and acyl-CoA oxidase. This also held true for fish fed HCB Diet except for fatty acid oxidation process which was further enhanced. Overall, these findings suggested that benfotiamine benefited the glucose metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala fed High-Carbohydrate Diet through the stimulation of glycolysis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation coupled with the depression of gluconeogenesis. Statement of relevance This study investigated the effects of Dietary benfotiamine supplementation on growth performance, glucose homeostasis and intermediary metabolism of blunt snout bream. The data obtained here will facilitate our understanding of the potential mechanisms concerning the beneficial effects of benfotiamine on the Carbohydrate metabolism of fish. It is also helpful for the development of low-protein and High-energy feed for fish.
Weimin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptomics metabolomics and histology indicate that High Carbohydrate Diet negatively affects the liver health of blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Wassana Prisingkorn, Panita Prathomya, Ivan Jakovlic, Han Liu, Yuhua Zhao, Weimin WangAbstract:Global trend of the introduction of High levels of relatively cheap Carbohydrates to reduce the amount of costly protein in the aquatic animal feed production has affected the aquaculture of an economically important cyprinid fish, blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). This Dietary shift has resulted in increased prevalence of metabolic disorders, often causing economic losses. High Dietary intake of Carbohydrates, associated with obesity, is one of the major causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans. We have conducted an eight-week feeding trial to better understand how a High-Carbohydrate Diet (HCBD) affects the liver health in this fish. Hepatosomatic index and lipid content were significantly (P < 0.05) Higher in the HCBD group. Histology results also suggested pathological changes in the livers of HCBD group, with excessive lipid accumulation and indication of liver damage. Metabolomics and serum biochemistry analyses showed that a number of metabolites indicative of liver damage were increased in the HCBD group. This group also exhibited low levels of betaine, which is a metabolite crucial for maintaining the healthy liver functions. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses indicated that HCBD had a strong impact on the expression of a large number of genes associated with the NAFLD and insulin signalling pathways, which may lead to the development of insulin resistance in hepatocytes, pathological liver changes, and eventually the NAFLD. Transcriptomics, metabolomics and histology results all indicate early symptoms of liver damage. However whether these would actually lead to the development of NAFLD after a longer period of time, remains inconclusive. Additionally, a very High number of upregulated genes in the HCBD group associated with several neurodegenerative diseases is a strong indication of neurodegenerative changes caused by the High-Carbohydrate Diet in blunt snout bream. This suggests that fish might present a good model to study neurodegenerative changes associated with High-Carbohydrate Diet in humans.
David S Ludwig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy requirement is Higher during weight loss maintenance in adults consuming a low compared with High Carbohydrate Diet
Journal of Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Cara B Ebbeling, Lisa Bielak, Patricia K Luoto, Julia M W Wong, Paul R Lakin, Gloria L Klein, William W Wong, David S LudwigAbstract:BACKGROUND Longer-term feeding studies suggest that a low-Carbohydrate Diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the Carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly labeled water (DLW), has been questioned. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether Dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is Higher on a low- compared with High-Carbohydrate Diet. METHODS The study reports secondary outcomes from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure (TEE). After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults (BMI ≥25 kg/m2; 70.1% women) were randomly assigned to Low-Carbohydrate (percentage of total energy from Carbohydrate, fat, protein: 20/60/20), Moderate-Carbohydrate (40/40/20), or High-Carbohydrate (60/20/20) Test Diets for 20 wk. Calorie content was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within ± 2 kg of the postweight-loss value. In analyses by intention-to-treat (ITT, completers, n = 148) and per protocol (PP, completers also achieving weight-loss maintenance, n = 110), we compared the estimated energy requirement (EER) from 10 to 20 wk of the Test Diets using ANCOVA. RESULTS Mean EER was Higher in the Low- versus High-Carbohydrate group in models of varying covariate structure involving ITT [ranging from 181 (95% CI: 8-353) to 246 (64-427) kcal/d; P ≤0.04] and PP [ranging from 245 (43-446) to 323 (122-525) kcal/d; P ≤0.02]. This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible nonadherence. CONCLUSIONS Energy requirement was Higher on a low- versus High-Carbohydrate Diet during weight-loss maintenance in adults, commensurate with TEE. These data are consistent with the Carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the DLW method with Diets varying in macronutrient composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02068885.
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effects of Dietary Carbohydrate content on circulating metabolic fuel availability in the postprandial state
Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2020Co-Authors: Cara B Ebbeling, Lisa Bielak, Gloria L Klein, David S Ludwig, Kim Shimy, Henry A FeldmanAbstract:Context According to the Carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, an elevated insulin-to-glucagon ratio in response to a High-Carbohydrate Diet directs metabolic fuels toward storage, resulting in lower circulating energy. Objective To determine differences in total circulating energy post-meal related to Dietary Carbohydrate. Design Ancillary study within the Framingham State Food Study. Setting University community. Participants 29 adults (aged 20 to 65 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2). Intervention After achieving 10% to 14% weight loss on a run-in Diet, participants were randomized to weight-loss-maintenance test Diets varying in Carbohydrate content (High-Carbohydrate, 60% of total energy, n = 11; moderate-Carbohydrate, 40%, n = 8; low-Carbohydrate, 20%, n = 10) and controlled for protein (20%). During 24-hour metabolic ward admissions between 10 and 15 weeks on the test Diets, metabolic fuels and hormones were measured. Main Outcome Measure Energy availability (EA) based on energy content of blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids, in the late postprandial period (180 to 300 minutes). Insulin at 30 minutes into the test meal (Meal Insulin-30) was measured as an effect modifier. Results Insulin-to-glucagon ratio was 7-fold Higher in participants on the High- vs low-Carbohydrate Diet (2.5 and 0.36, respectively). Late postprandial EA was 0.58 kcal/L lower on the High- vs low-Carbohydrate Diet (P < 0.0001), primarily related to suppression of free fatty acids. Early postprandial EA (30 to 180 minutes) declined fastest in the High-Carbohydrate group, and Meal Insulin-30 modified this Diet effect. Conclusions During weight-loss maintenance on a High-Carbohydrate Diet, late postprandial EA is reduced, consistent with the Carbohydrate-insulin model.
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Higher energy requirement during weight loss maintenance on a low versus High Carbohydrate Diet secondary analyses from a randomized controlled feeding study
medRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Paul R Lakin, Gloria L Klein, William W Wong, David S LudwigAbstract:Background: Longer-term feeding studies suggest that a low-Carbohydrate Diet increases energy expenditure, consistent with the Carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity. However, the validity of methodology utilized in these studies, involving doubly-labeled water, has been questioned. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether Dietary energy requirement for weight-loss maintenance is Higher on a low- versus High-Carbohydrate Diet. Methods: The study reports secondary outcomes and exploratory analyses from a feeding study in which the primary outcome was total energy expenditure. After attaining a mean Run-in weight loss of 10.5%, 164 adults with pre-weight-loss BMI of [≥]25 were randomly assigned to Test Diets containing Low (20%), Moderate (40%) or High (60%) Carbohydrate for 20 weeks. Calorie content of Test Diets was adjusted to maintain individual body weight within 2 kg of the post-weight-loss value. In analyses by Intention-to-Treat (ITT, study completers, n=148) and Per Protocol (PP, those achieving the weight-loss maintenance target, n=110), we compared estimated energy requirement from 10 to 20 weeks on the Test Diets using ANCOVA. Insulin secretion was assessed pre-weight-loss as insulin concentration 30 minutes following 75 grams oral glucose (Insulin-30). Results: Estimated energy requirement was Higher in the Low vs High group by models involving ITT (ranging from 181 [CI 8-353] to 223 [40-406] kcal/d; P[≤];0.04) and PP (ranging from 245 [43-446] to 295 [91-499] kcal/d; P[≤];0.02). This difference remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for change in adiposity and possible non-adherence. In observational analyses, pre-weight loss Insulin-30 predicted adverse change in body composition following weight loss. Conclusions: Energy requirement was Higher on a low- versus High-Carbohydrate Diet during weight-loss maintenance, commensurate with total energy expenditure. These data are consistent with the Carbohydrate-insulin model and lend qualified support for the validity of the doubly-labeled water method with Diets varying in macronutrient composition.
Chao Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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long term administration of benfotiamine benefits the glucose homeostasis of juvenile blunt snout bream megalobrama amblycephala fed a High Carbohydrate Diet
Aquaculture, 2017Co-Authors: Chao Xu, Guangzhen Jiang, Bingke Wang, Xiangfei LiAbstract:Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of benfotiamine on growth performance, glucose homeostasis and intermediary glucose metabolism of blunt snout bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala ). A total of 240 fish (average body weight: 24.24 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks and fed three Diets (control, Diet with 30% Carbohydrate; HC, Diet with 43% Carbohydrate; HCB, HC Diet supplemented with 2.85 mg/kg benfotiamine) for 12 weeks. The results indicated that fish fed the HCB Diet had a lower specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed the control and HC Diets, whereas protein efficiency ratio, nitrogen retention efficiency and energy retention efficiency showed an opposite trend. Additionally, fish offered HCB Diet showed relatively High values of whole-body lipid contents, tissue glycogen and lipid contents and plasma insulin levels, whereas plasma levels of glucose, advanced glycation end products and glycated serum protein significantly decreased compared with other treatments. Furthermore, benfotiamine improved the glucose tolerance of fish fed HC Diet after a glucose load. High Carbohydrate intake significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose transporter 2, glycogen synthase, fatty acid synthetase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, whereas the opposite was true for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-biphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and acyl-CoA oxidase. This also held true for fish fed HCB Diet except for fatty acid oxidation process which was further enhanced. Overall, these findings suggested that benfotiamine benefited the glucose metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala fed High-Carbohydrate Diet through the stimulation of glycolysis, glycogenesis, lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation coupled with the depression of gluconeogenesis. Statement of relevance This study investigated the effects of Dietary benfotiamine supplementation on growth performance, glucose homeostasis and intermediary metabolism of blunt snout bream. The data obtained here will facilitate our understanding of the potential mechanisms concerning the beneficial effects of benfotiamine on the Carbohydrate metabolism of fish. It is also helpful for the development of low-protein and High-energy feed for fish.
Signe Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low versus High Carbohydrate Diet in type 1 diabetes a 12 week randomized open label crossover study
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2019Co-Authors: Signe Schmidt, Merete B Christensen, Nermin Serifovski, Camilla Dammfrydenberg, Jenserik Beck Jensen, Tina Floyel, Joachim Storling, Ajenthen RanjanAbstract:AIMS: To compare the effects of a low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD 250 g Carbohydrate/d) on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with type 1 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized crossover study with two 12-week intervention arms separated by a 12-week washout, 14 participants using sensor-augmented insulin pumps were included. Individual meal plans meeting the Carbohydrate criteria were made for each study participant. Actual Carbohydrate intake was entered into the insulin pumps throughout the study. RESULTS: Ten participants completed the study. Daily Carbohydrate intake during the two intervention periods was (mean ± standard deviation) 98 ± 11 g and 246 ± 34 g, respectively. Time spent in the range 3.9-10.0 mmol/L (primary outcome) did not differ between groups (LCD 68.6 ± 8.9% vs. HCD 65.3 ± 6.5%, P = 0.316). However, time spent <3.9 mmol/L was less (1.9 vs. 3.6%, P < 0.001) and glycaemic variability (assessed by coefficient of variation) was lower (32.7 vs. 37.5%, P = 0.013) during LCD. No events of severe hypoglycaemia were reported. Participants lost 2.0 ± 2.1 kg during LCD and gained 2.6 ± 1.8 kg during HCD (P = 0.001). No other cardiovascular risk factors, including fasting levels of lipids and inflammatory markers, were significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with an intake of 250 g of Carbohydrate per day, restriction of Carbohydrate intake to 100 g per day in adults with type 1 diabetes reduced time spent in hypoglycaemia, glycaemic variability and weight with no effect on cardiovascular risk factors.