The Experts below are selected from a list of 92541 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David R Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social resistance framework for understanding High Risk Behavior among nondominant minorities preliminary evidence
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Roni Factor, David R Williams, Ichiro KawachiAbstract:Objectives. The recently developed social resistance framework addresses a widespread pattern in which members of some nondominant minorities tend to engage in various Risky and unhealthy Behaviors more than the majority group. This pilot study tested the core hypotheses derived from this innovative framework.Methods. We conducted in 2011 a nationally representative Web-based survey of 200 members of a nondominant minority group (African Americans) and 200 members of a majority group (Whites).Results. The preliminary findings supported the main premises of the framework and suggested that nondominant minorities who felt discriminated and alienated from society tended also to have Higher levels of social resistance. Those with Higher levels of social resistance also engaged more in Risky and unhealthy Behaviors—smoking, drinking, and nonuse of seat belts—than did those with lower levels of social resistance. These associations were not found in the majority group.Conclusions. These preliminary results supp...
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understanding High Risk Behavior among non dominant minorities a social resistance framework
Social Science & Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Roni Factor, Ichiro Kawachi, David R WilliamsAbstract:Across different societies, non-dominant minority groups, compared to the dominant group, often exhibit Higher rates of involvement in High-Risk Behaviors, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use, sexual Risk Behaviors, overeating, and unsafe driving habits. In turn, these Behaviors have a well-documented impact on chronic disease, morbidity, and mortality. Previous studies have emphasized macro-structural or micro-agentic explanations for this phenomenon. Such explanations suffer from mirror-image shortcomings, such as, by emphasizing structural barriers, macro-level explanations leave out individual agency ("the over-socialized conception of the individual"), while micro-level theories give short shrift to structural constraints that prevent individuals from engaging in health-promoting Behaviors ("the under-socialized conception of the individual"). Moreover, most current theories regard individuals as passive players who are influenced by the social environment or by psychological problems, or who make "bad" choices. The current paper develops an integrated theoretical framework that incorporates structural inequalities while leaving intact the role of individual agency. According to the social resistance framework, power relations in society encourage members of non-dominant minority groups to actively engage in everyday resistance practices that include various unhealthy Behaviors. The paper develops propositions from which testable hypotheses can be generated, and discusses the implications and contributions of the social resistance framework.
Ichiro Kawachi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social resistance framework for understanding High Risk Behavior among nondominant minorities preliminary evidence
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Roni Factor, David R Williams, Ichiro KawachiAbstract:Objectives. The recently developed social resistance framework addresses a widespread pattern in which members of some nondominant minorities tend to engage in various Risky and unhealthy Behaviors more than the majority group. This pilot study tested the core hypotheses derived from this innovative framework.Methods. We conducted in 2011 a nationally representative Web-based survey of 200 members of a nondominant minority group (African Americans) and 200 members of a majority group (Whites).Results. The preliminary findings supported the main premises of the framework and suggested that nondominant minorities who felt discriminated and alienated from society tended also to have Higher levels of social resistance. Those with Higher levels of social resistance also engaged more in Risky and unhealthy Behaviors—smoking, drinking, and nonuse of seat belts—than did those with lower levels of social resistance. These associations were not found in the majority group.Conclusions. These preliminary results supp...
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understanding High Risk Behavior among non dominant minorities a social resistance framework
Social Science & Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Roni Factor, Ichiro Kawachi, David R WilliamsAbstract:Across different societies, non-dominant minority groups, compared to the dominant group, often exhibit Higher rates of involvement in High-Risk Behaviors, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use, sexual Risk Behaviors, overeating, and unsafe driving habits. In turn, these Behaviors have a well-documented impact on chronic disease, morbidity, and mortality. Previous studies have emphasized macro-structural or micro-agentic explanations for this phenomenon. Such explanations suffer from mirror-image shortcomings, such as, by emphasizing structural barriers, macro-level explanations leave out individual agency ("the over-socialized conception of the individual"), while micro-level theories give short shrift to structural constraints that prevent individuals from engaging in health-promoting Behaviors ("the under-socialized conception of the individual"). Moreover, most current theories regard individuals as passive players who are influenced by the social environment or by psychological problems, or who make "bad" choices. The current paper develops an integrated theoretical framework that incorporates structural inequalities while leaving intact the role of individual agency. According to the social resistance framework, power relations in society encourage members of non-dominant minority groups to actively engage in everyday resistance practices that include various unhealthy Behaviors. The paper develops propositions from which testable hypotheses can be generated, and discusses the implications and contributions of the social resistance framework.
Roni Factor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social resistance framework for understanding High Risk Behavior among nondominant minorities preliminary evidence
American Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Roni Factor, David R Williams, Ichiro KawachiAbstract:Objectives. The recently developed social resistance framework addresses a widespread pattern in which members of some nondominant minorities tend to engage in various Risky and unhealthy Behaviors more than the majority group. This pilot study tested the core hypotheses derived from this innovative framework.Methods. We conducted in 2011 a nationally representative Web-based survey of 200 members of a nondominant minority group (African Americans) and 200 members of a majority group (Whites).Results. The preliminary findings supported the main premises of the framework and suggested that nondominant minorities who felt discriminated and alienated from society tended also to have Higher levels of social resistance. Those with Higher levels of social resistance also engaged more in Risky and unhealthy Behaviors—smoking, drinking, and nonuse of seat belts—than did those with lower levels of social resistance. These associations were not found in the majority group.Conclusions. These preliminary results supp...
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understanding High Risk Behavior among non dominant minorities a social resistance framework
Social Science & Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Roni Factor, Ichiro Kawachi, David R WilliamsAbstract:Across different societies, non-dominant minority groups, compared to the dominant group, often exhibit Higher rates of involvement in High-Risk Behaviors, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use, sexual Risk Behaviors, overeating, and unsafe driving habits. In turn, these Behaviors have a well-documented impact on chronic disease, morbidity, and mortality. Previous studies have emphasized macro-structural or micro-agentic explanations for this phenomenon. Such explanations suffer from mirror-image shortcomings, such as, by emphasizing structural barriers, macro-level explanations leave out individual agency ("the over-socialized conception of the individual"), while micro-level theories give short shrift to structural constraints that prevent individuals from engaging in health-promoting Behaviors ("the under-socialized conception of the individual"). Moreover, most current theories regard individuals as passive players who are influenced by the social environment or by psychological problems, or who make "bad" choices. The current paper develops an integrated theoretical framework that incorporates structural inequalities while leaving intact the role of individual agency. According to the social resistance framework, power relations in society encourage members of non-dominant minority groups to actively engage in everyday resistance practices that include various unhealthy Behaviors. The paper develops propositions from which testable hypotheses can be generated, and discusses the implications and contributions of the social resistance framework.
Susan J. Little - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clear links between starting methamphetamine and increasing sexual Risk Behavior a cohort study among men who have sex with men
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith, David Moore, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Author(s): Hoenigl, M; Chaillon, A; Moore, DJ; Morris, SR; Smith, DM; Little, SJ | Abstract: Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Background: It remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with High-Risk Behavior or if methamphetamine use causes High-Risk Behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine. Methods: We performed a cohort study to analyze recent selfreported methamphetamine use and sexual Risk Behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual Risk Behavior was evaluated using a previously published Risk Behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts Risk of HIV acquisition. Results: Methamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly Higher in the 754 MSM with recentmeth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P l 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly Higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P l 0.001, respectively]. Conclusions: Given the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual Risk Behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).
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clear links between starting methamphetamine and increasing sexual Risk Behavior a cohort study among men who have sex with men
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith, David Moore, Sheldon R Morris, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Author(s): Hoenigl, Martin; Chaillon, Antoine; Moore, David J; Morris, Sheldon R; Smith, Davey M; Little, Susan J | Abstract: It remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with High-Risk Behavior or if methamphetamine use causes High-Risk Behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine.We performed a cohort study to analyze recent self-reported methamphetamine use and sexual Risk Behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual Risk Behavior was evaluated using a previously published Risk Behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts Risk of HIV acquisition.Methamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly Higher in the 754 MSM with recent-meth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P l 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly Higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P l 0.001, respectively].Given the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual Risk Behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).
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clear links between starting methamphetamine and increasing sexual Risk Behavior a cohort study among men who have sex with men
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith, Sheldon R Morris, David J Moore, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Author(s): Hoenigl, Martin; Chaillon, Antoine; Moore, David J; Morris, Sheldon R; Smith, Davey M; Little, Susan J | Abstract: BACKGROUND:It remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with High-Risk Behavior or if methamphetamine use causes High-Risk Behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine. METHODS:We performed a cohort study to analyze recent self-reported methamphetamine use and sexual Risk Behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual Risk Behavior was evaluated using a previously published Risk Behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts Risk of HIV acquisition. RESULTS:Methamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly Higher in the 754 MSM with recent-meth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P l 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly Higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P l 0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS:Given the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual Risk Behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).
Martin Hoenigl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clear links between starting methamphetamine and increasing sexual Risk Behavior a cohort study among men who have sex with men
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith, David Moore, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Author(s): Hoenigl, M; Chaillon, A; Moore, DJ; Morris, SR; Smith, DM; Little, SJ | Abstract: Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Background: It remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with High-Risk Behavior or if methamphetamine use causes High-Risk Behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine. Methods: We performed a cohort study to analyze recent selfreported methamphetamine use and sexual Risk Behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual Risk Behavior was evaluated using a previously published Risk Behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts Risk of HIV acquisition. Results: Methamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly Higher in the 754 MSM with recentmeth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P l 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly Higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P l 0.001, respectively]. Conclusions: Given the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual Risk Behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).
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clear links between starting methamphetamine and increasing sexual Risk Behavior a cohort study among men who have sex with men
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith, David Moore, Sheldon R Morris, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Author(s): Hoenigl, Martin; Chaillon, Antoine; Moore, David J; Morris, Sheldon R; Smith, Davey M; Little, Susan J | Abstract: It remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with High-Risk Behavior or if methamphetamine use causes High-Risk Behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine.We performed a cohort study to analyze recent self-reported methamphetamine use and sexual Risk Behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual Risk Behavior was evaluated using a previously published Risk Behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts Risk of HIV acquisition.Methamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly Higher in the 754 MSM with recent-meth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P l 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly Higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P l 0.001, respectively].Given the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual Risk Behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).
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clear links between starting methamphetamine and increasing sexual Risk Behavior a cohort study among men who have sex with men
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2016Co-Authors: Martin Hoenigl, Antoine Chaillon, Davey M Smith, Sheldon R Morris, David J Moore, Susan J. LittleAbstract:Author(s): Hoenigl, Martin; Chaillon, Antoine; Moore, David J; Morris, Sheldon R; Smith, Davey M; Little, Susan J | Abstract: BACKGROUND:It remains unclear if methamphetamine is merely associated with High-Risk Behavior or if methamphetamine use causes High-Risk Behavior. Determining this would require a randomized controlled trial, which is clearly not ethical. A possible surrogate would be to investigate individuals before and after starting the use of methamphetamine. METHODS:We performed a cohort study to analyze recent self-reported methamphetamine use and sexual Risk Behavior among 8905 men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving the "Early Test," a community-based HIV screening program in San Diego, CA, between April 2008 and July 2014 (total 17,272 testing encounters). Sexual Risk Behavior was evaluated using a previously published Risk Behavior score [San Diego Early Test (SDET) score] that predicts Risk of HIV acquisition. RESULTS:Methamphetamine use during the last 12 months (hereafter, recent-meth) was reported by 754/8905 unique MSM (8.5%). SDET scores were significantly Higher in the 754 MSM with recent-meth use compared with the 5922 MSM who reported that they have never used methamphetamine (P l 0.001). Eighty-two repeat testers initiated methamphetamine between testing encounter, with significantly Higher SDET scores after starting methamphetamine [median 5 (interquartile range, 2-7) at recent-meth versus median 3 (interquartile range, 0-5) at never-meth; P l 0.001, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS:Given the ethical impossibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial, the results presented here provide the strongest evidence yet that initiation of methamphetamine use increases sexual Risk Behavior among HIV-uninfected MSM. Until more effective prevention or treatment interventions are available for methamphetamine users, HIV-uninfected MSM who use methamphetamine may represent ideal candidates for alternative effective prevention interventions (ie, preexposure prophylaxis).