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Clement N Uguna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High Pressure Water pyrolysis of coal to evaluate the role of Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and source rock maturation at High maturities under geological conditions
Organic Geochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Clement N Uguna, A D Carr, Colin E Snape, Will MeredithAbstract:This study investigates the effect of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and source rock maturation at High maturities for a perhydrous Tertiary Arctic coal, Svalbard. Using a 25 ml Hastalloy vessel, the coal was pyrolysed under low Water Pressure (230–300 bar) and High Water Pressure (500, 700 and 900 bar) conditions between 380 °C and 420 °C for 24 h. At 380 °C and 420 °C, gas yields were not affected by Pressure up to 700 bar, but were reduced slightly at 900 bar. At 380 °C, the expelled oil yield was Highest at 230 bar, but reduced significantly at 900 bar. At 420 °C cracking of expelled oil to gas was retarded at 700 and 900 bar. As well as direct cracking of the coal, the main source of gas generation at High Pressure at both 380 °C and 420 °C is from bitumen trapped in the coal, indicating that this is a key mechanism in High Pressure geological basins. Vitrinite reflectance (VR) was reduced by 0.16 %Ro at 380 °C and by 0.27 %Ro at 420 °C at 900 bar compared to the low Pressure runs, indicating that source rock maturation will be more retarded at Higher maturities in High Pressure geological basins.
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a laboratory pyrolysis study to investigate the effect of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and maturation of coals in geological basins
Organic Geochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Clement N Uguna, A D Carr, Colin E Snape, Will Meredith, Miguel CastrodiazAbstract:This study investigates the effect of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and maturation of coals. Using a 25 ml Hastalloy Pressure vessel, two High-volatile coals (Longannet, UK 0.75% Ro, and perhydrous Svalbard (Spitsbergen), Norway 0.68% Ro) were pyrolysed under non-hydrous, hydrous at 175 bar Pressure, and High Water Pressure hydrous (500 bar and 900 bar) conditions at 350 °C for 24 h. The bitumen yield obtained during pyrolysis, together with the Rock–Eval S2, hydrogen index (HI) and vitrinite reflectance (VR) results from the pyrolysed coal residues indicated that Water under relatively low Pressure (175 bar) hydrous conditions promoted hydrocarbon generation and coal maturation in relation to non-hydrous conditions, consistent with previous work. However, under High Water Pressure (500 and 900 bar) conditions, a combination of the hydrocarbon gas (C1–C4) and bitumen yields, Rock–Eval S2, HI, VR and solid state 13C NMR results demonstrated that the changes in reaction pathways occurring with increasing Pressure resulted in both hydrocarbon generation and maturation being retarded. The observed effect of Pressure implies that for Type III source rocks, hydrocarbon generation will be retarded in High Pressure geological basins, with gas yields being proportionally reduced more than bitumen yields. Source rock maturation (or coalification) is also retarded, with the decreases in vitrinite reflectance and carbon aromaticity being relatively small but significant in terms of explaining retardation in geological basins.
Philippe Colomban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chemical and structural stability of la0 6sr0 4co0 2fe0 8o3 δ ceramic vs medium High Water vapor Pressure
Ceramics International, 2015Co-Authors: Aneta Slodczyk, Philippe Colomban, Settakorn Upasen, Pierre Batocchi, Fabrice MauvyAbstract:During the last decades, perovskite-type oxides have received large attention as potential electrolytes and electrodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), including Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFC), gas separation membranes and High Temperature Steam Electrolysers (HTSE). A thermal treatment in an autoclave, at a temperature close to an operating temperature, was used to measure the chemical stability of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ (LSCF6428) ceramic under medium and High Water Pressure (~20 and 40 bar). This mixed ionic−electronic conductor (MIEC) exhibits interesting properties as cathode of fuel cell materials. The reactivity rate of the investigated LSCF6428 sample under the protonation process conditions (several weeks at 550 °C using CO2-free and CO2-saturated Water) was studied in order to evaluate a potential use of this compound. Bulk and surface structural/chemical changes were characterized by optical microscopy, TGA, dilatometry, Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The results revealed only minor surface modifications in the case of ceramic treated under medium vapor Pressure (20 bar) using CO2-free Water. On the contrary, under Higher Pressure (40 bar) and CO2-saturated Water several second phases were detected, namely strontianite, cobalt oxides and hematite. The chemical/structural stability of LSCF6428 is compared with previously investigated Rare-Earth nickelate ceramics: La2NiO4+δ / Pr2NiO4+δ / Nd2NiO4+δ.
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High Water Pressure High temperature autoclave for in situ raman study of fuel cell electrolyser materials
MRS Proceedings, 2012Co-Authors: Aneta Slodczyk, Oumaya Zaafrani, Philippe ColombanAbstract:According to the recent hydrogen and methanol economy, the proton conducting materials appear very interesting as an electrolytic membrane and/or an electrode component of fuel cells, CO2/Syngas converters and Water steam electrolysers. Prior to the long lifetime requirements their structural and mechanical behaviors as a function of operating condition: High temperature and High Water vapor Pressure, have to be well determined. Consequently, we designed the autoclave working till 620°C and 50 bars of H2O Pressure equipped with a sapphire window allowing in situ Raman scattering measurements. It should be stressed that Raman scattering is an optical technique very efficient to detect both long and short range order structural modifications. The technical and scientific challenges/difficulties encountered during the studies performed on proton conducting zirconates are discussed.
Yanqing Xia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the changes of hydrocarbon generation and potential in source rocks under semi closed conditions with 50 840 bar Water Pressure
Petroleum Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Zhongning Zhang, Lina Sun, Dongwei Zhang, Yanqing XiaAbstract:ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effects of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon yields and potential in source rocks, carbonaceous mudstone from drilling in Liaohe Basin was pyrolyzed in simulation with constant Water Pressure and High-Water-Pressure experiments. Results demonstrate that the times of expelling hydrocarbon remarkably promote source rocks yielding liquid hydrocarbons. Increasing Water Pressure may increase the reaction of generating bitumen and oil, and enhance liquid hydrocarbons generation. Results of TOC, Rock-Eval, and elemental analysis in this study suggest that carbonaceous mudstone dominated by type-III kerogen remains a large number of hydrocarbon-generating potential, which may indicate that carbonaceous mudstone has a good potential to yield deep oil and natural gas. Besides, vitrinite reflectance may be the most suitable parameter to describe the maturity of source rocks.
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The effects of Pressure and hydrocarbon expulsion on hydrocarbon generation during hydrous pyrolysis of type-I kerogen in source rock
Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Zhongning Zhang, Mingzhen Zhang, Lina Sun, Yanqing XiaAbstract:Abstract Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature petroleum source rocks to define the roles of Pressure and hydrocarbon expulsion in deep petroleum formation. This study can contribute to estimating the deep oil and natural gas prospects of lacustrine type-I kerogen and has important implications for deep petroleum exploration. The simulation temperature was 450 °C and the heating duration was 48 h. Water Pressure ranged between 50 and 1200 bar, and lithostatic Pressure ranged between 125 and 2000 bar. Under semi-closed conditions, increasing Water Pressure leads to more oil and less gaseous hydrocarbons being generated in the source rocks. The dryness of the hydrocarbon gas primarily confirms that increasing Water Pressure decreases the cracking magnitude of oil, which may indicate that High Water Pressures retard oil cracking. The decreasing contents of S2, HI and H/C in the solid residue confirm that High Water Pressure enhances the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation. Oil cracking is enhanced in the 125–625 bar lithostatic Pressure range, probably because the pyrolysis conditions gradually approach those of a closed-system. The increasing gaseous hydrocarbon yields also confirm the accelerated cracking of oil within this Pressure range. As lithostatic Pressure increased from 625 to 2000 bar, the decreasing trends in oil and gaseous hydrocarbon yields indicate that hydrocarbon generation rate was retarded by High Pressure within the closed system. The values of S2, HI, H/C, Ro and Tmax in solid pyrolysis residue confirm that High lithostatic Pressure reduces the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation and maturation. Furthermore, hydrocarbon expulsion greatly impacts hydrocarbon generation within the source rocks. Increasing Water Pressure increases the effect of hydrocarbon expulsion and causes the pyrolysis conditions to gradually approach an open system; this phenomenon lowers the gas yields but increases oil yields. Increasing lithostatic Pressure from 125 to 625 bar decreases the effect of hydrocarbon expulsion and causes the pyrolysis conditions to steadily approach a closed system, thereby lowering the oil yield but increasing gas yield. The results demonstrate that different Pressures clearly have different effects on hydrocarbon generation in the source rock, and hydrocarbon expulsion also has a significant influence on hydrocarbon generation in source rock. More importantly, this study shows that the lacustrine type-I kerogen has a good potential to yield deep oil and natural gas.
Zhongning Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of Pressure and hydrocarbon expulsion on hydrocarbon generation during pyrolyzing of continental type-III kerogen source rocks
Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Zhongning Zhang, Lina SunAbstract:Abstrct In order to define the roles of Water and lithostatic Pressure in petroleum formation of continental type-III kerogen source rocks, semi-closed hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted under with 50–1200 bar Water Pressure and 125–2000 bar lithostatic Pressure at 480 °C. Our results will be of great benefit to the exploration of shale gas and deep petroleum in China. Increasing Water Pressure from 50 to 325 bar did not affect the yields of gaseous hydrocarbons, oil and bitumen, but increasing Water Pressure leads the more oil and less gaseous hydrocarbons from continental type-III kerogen in the 325–1200 bar Water Pressure range under semi-closed conditions. The decreasing yields of gaseous hydrocarbons, dryness of gaseous hydrocarbons and primary hydrogen together confirm that increasing Water Pressure promotes the primary reaction but decreases the cracking rate of oil. The decreasing values of S2, HI and H/C in the pyrolysed samples confirm that High Water Pressure can increase the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation from continental type-III kerogen, while the maturation of kerogen correspondingly increases as shown by increasing values of VR and Tmax. In the 125–625 bar lithostatic Pressure range, oil cracking and primary reaction of type-III kerogen may have contributed to the decreasing effect of hydrocarbon expulsion. The increasing hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbon yields also confirm that the cracking of oil is enhanced within this Pressure range. The decreasing trends of oil and gaseous hydrocarbon yields indicate that hydrocarbon generation rate was reduced by the High lithostatic Pressure in the 625–2000 bar Pressure range. The increasing values of S2, HI and H/C, and decreasing values of VR and Tmax of pyrolysed samples confirm the retardation effect of Highlithostatic Pressure on the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation and maturation. In addition, the results also indicate that expelling hydrocarbons strongly promotes further hydrocarbon generation and retards the cracking of oil from continental type-III kerogen in source rocks.
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the changes of hydrocarbon generation and potential in source rocks under semi closed conditions with 50 840 bar Water Pressure
Petroleum Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Zhongning Zhang, Lina Sun, Dongwei Zhang, Yanqing XiaAbstract:ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effects of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon yields and potential in source rocks, carbonaceous mudstone from drilling in Liaohe Basin was pyrolyzed in simulation with constant Water Pressure and High-Water-Pressure experiments. Results demonstrate that the times of expelling hydrocarbon remarkably promote source rocks yielding liquid hydrocarbons. Increasing Water Pressure may increase the reaction of generating bitumen and oil, and enhance liquid hydrocarbons generation. Results of TOC, Rock-Eval, and elemental analysis in this study suggest that carbonaceous mudstone dominated by type-III kerogen remains a large number of hydrocarbon-generating potential, which may indicate that carbonaceous mudstone has a good potential to yield deep oil and natural gas. Besides, vitrinite reflectance may be the most suitable parameter to describe the maturity of source rocks.
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The effects of Pressure and hydrocarbon expulsion on hydrocarbon generation during hydrous pyrolysis of type-I kerogen in source rock
Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Zhongning Zhang, Mingzhen Zhang, Lina Sun, Yanqing XiaAbstract:Abstract Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature petroleum source rocks to define the roles of Pressure and hydrocarbon expulsion in deep petroleum formation. This study can contribute to estimating the deep oil and natural gas prospects of lacustrine type-I kerogen and has important implications for deep petroleum exploration. The simulation temperature was 450 °C and the heating duration was 48 h. Water Pressure ranged between 50 and 1200 bar, and lithostatic Pressure ranged between 125 and 2000 bar. Under semi-closed conditions, increasing Water Pressure leads to more oil and less gaseous hydrocarbons being generated in the source rocks. The dryness of the hydrocarbon gas primarily confirms that increasing Water Pressure decreases the cracking magnitude of oil, which may indicate that High Water Pressures retard oil cracking. The decreasing contents of S2, HI and H/C in the solid residue confirm that High Water Pressure enhances the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation. Oil cracking is enhanced in the 125–625 bar lithostatic Pressure range, probably because the pyrolysis conditions gradually approach those of a closed-system. The increasing gaseous hydrocarbon yields also confirm the accelerated cracking of oil within this Pressure range. As lithostatic Pressure increased from 625 to 2000 bar, the decreasing trends in oil and gaseous hydrocarbon yields indicate that hydrocarbon generation rate was retarded by High Pressure within the closed system. The values of S2, HI, H/C, Ro and Tmax in solid pyrolysis residue confirm that High lithostatic Pressure reduces the efficiency of hydrocarbon generation and maturation. Furthermore, hydrocarbon expulsion greatly impacts hydrocarbon generation within the source rocks. Increasing Water Pressure increases the effect of hydrocarbon expulsion and causes the pyrolysis conditions to gradually approach an open system; this phenomenon lowers the gas yields but increases oil yields. Increasing lithostatic Pressure from 125 to 625 bar decreases the effect of hydrocarbon expulsion and causes the pyrolysis conditions to steadily approach a closed system, thereby lowering the oil yield but increasing gas yield. The results demonstrate that different Pressures clearly have different effects on hydrocarbon generation in the source rock, and hydrocarbon expulsion also has a significant influence on hydrocarbon generation in source rock. More importantly, this study shows that the lacustrine type-I kerogen has a good potential to yield deep oil and natural gas.
A D Carr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High Pressure Water pyrolysis of coal to evaluate the role of Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and source rock maturation at High maturities under geological conditions
Organic Geochemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Clement N Uguna, A D Carr, Colin E Snape, Will MeredithAbstract:This study investigates the effect of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and source rock maturation at High maturities for a perhydrous Tertiary Arctic coal, Svalbard. Using a 25 ml Hastalloy vessel, the coal was pyrolysed under low Water Pressure (230–300 bar) and High Water Pressure (500, 700 and 900 bar) conditions between 380 °C and 420 °C for 24 h. At 380 °C and 420 °C, gas yields were not affected by Pressure up to 700 bar, but were reduced slightly at 900 bar. At 380 °C, the expelled oil yield was Highest at 230 bar, but reduced significantly at 900 bar. At 420 °C cracking of expelled oil to gas was retarded at 700 and 900 bar. As well as direct cracking of the coal, the main source of gas generation at High Pressure at both 380 °C and 420 °C is from bitumen trapped in the coal, indicating that this is a key mechanism in High Pressure geological basins. Vitrinite reflectance (VR) was reduced by 0.16 %Ro at 380 °C and by 0.27 %Ro at 420 °C at 900 bar compared to the low Pressure runs, indicating that source rock maturation will be more retarded at Higher maturities in High Pressure geological basins.
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a laboratory pyrolysis study to investigate the effect of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and maturation of coals in geological basins
Organic Geochemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Clement N Uguna, A D Carr, Colin E Snape, Will Meredith, Miguel CastrodiazAbstract:This study investigates the effect of Water Pressure on hydrocarbon generation and maturation of coals. Using a 25 ml Hastalloy Pressure vessel, two High-volatile coals (Longannet, UK 0.75% Ro, and perhydrous Svalbard (Spitsbergen), Norway 0.68% Ro) were pyrolysed under non-hydrous, hydrous at 175 bar Pressure, and High Water Pressure hydrous (500 bar and 900 bar) conditions at 350 °C for 24 h. The bitumen yield obtained during pyrolysis, together with the Rock–Eval S2, hydrogen index (HI) and vitrinite reflectance (VR) results from the pyrolysed coal residues indicated that Water under relatively low Pressure (175 bar) hydrous conditions promoted hydrocarbon generation and coal maturation in relation to non-hydrous conditions, consistent with previous work. However, under High Water Pressure (500 and 900 bar) conditions, a combination of the hydrocarbon gas (C1–C4) and bitumen yields, Rock–Eval S2, HI, VR and solid state 13C NMR results demonstrated that the changes in reaction pathways occurring with increasing Pressure resulted in both hydrocarbon generation and maturation being retarded. The observed effect of Pressure implies that for Type III source rocks, hydrocarbon generation will be retarded in High Pressure geological basins, with gas yields being proportionally reduced more than bitumen yields. Source rock maturation (or coalification) is also retarded, with the decreases in vitrinite reflectance and carbon aromaticity being relatively small but significant in terms of explaining retardation in geological basins.