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Michael Hoffmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neuroanatomical and Neurophysiological Underpinnings of Cognition and Behavior: Cerebral Networks and Intrinsic Brain Networks
    Clinical Mentation Evaluation, 2020
    Co-Authors: Michael Hoffmann
    Abstract:

    For almost a century, Brodmann’s 52 component cytoarchitectural brain map has served clinical neuroscience, neurology, and psychology in the topographical appreciation of differing brain regions (Fig. 2.1) [1]. Subsequent neurosurgical needs resulted in the immensely popular Talairach Tournoux brain atlas for three-dimensional coordinates of brain regions and components [2]. From a purely clinical point of view, Mesulam’s clinical large-scale network approach has long been popular in understanding Higher Cortical Function deficit presentations [3]. He conceived of the 5 channel-dependent networks and the 5 frontal subCortical networks proposed by Cummings and Lichter represent complementary understanding of the more intricate frontal subsystems [4]. The neurotransmitter-based state or chemical projections are yet another facet to the intricacies of brain networks (Table 2.1). With the human cerebral cortex comprising 20 billion neurons over 2.5 meter squared, primary motor, sensory, visual, and auditory regions only constitute ~10%, with the remainder being secondary and tertiary association cortices. The latter are the neurobiological substrates of Higher Cortical Functions. More recently, using an array of neuroimaging techniques (myelin, fMRI, connectivity, task maps), the human brain map has been redefined from 52 Brodmann areas to 360 areas (Fig. 2.2) [5].

  • Higher Cortical Function Deficits After Stroke: An Analysis of 1,000 Patients from a Dedicated Cognitive Stroke Registry:
    Neurorehabilitation and neural repair, 2001
    Co-Authors: Michael Hoffmann
    Abstract:

    Objective: Despite spectacular success of animal model neuroprotective therapy in stroke, these agents have been uniformly unsuccessful in humans. One possible ex planation is the crudity of cerebral measurement by insensitive of stroke scales com prising scant or absent Higher Cortical-Function parameters and the heterogeneity of stroke syndromes and etiology. We sought to determine the frequency and extent of cognitive disorders after stroke and their relation to stroke risk factors, syndromes, le sion site, and etiology. Methods: We used hospital-based consecutive stroke cases. A tiered, hierarchic, cerebrovascular investigative protocol and a battery of predefined, validated bedside Higher Cortical Function deficit (HCFD) tests with comparison to neuropsychological. Quantification according to the World Health Organization lev els of disease model was achieved by a clinical neurologic deficit scale, etiologic scale, and disability scale. Results:Stroke deficit, disability and etiology: In patients eva...

  • Higher Cortical Function deficits among acute stroke patients: The stroke data bank experience
    Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 1997
    Co-Authors: Michael Hoffmann, Ralph L. Sacco, Jay P. Mohr, Thomas K. Tatemichi
    Abstract:

    Objectives. Both the number and type of Higher Cortical Function deficits (HCFD) in acute stroke patients are important diagnostically and for gauging the extent of neurological deficits. Methods. The Stroke Data Bank (SDB) provided a large prospective data base for such evaluation. Thirty-one different HCFDs, each defined in the SDB manual, were considered. Results. Of 1,805 patients in the SDB, 641 instances of HCFD in 422 patients were recorded in alert patients at initial examination (within the first 7 to 10 days of ictus). Aphasia (41%) was the most commonly found HCFD, followed by neglect syndrome (27.2%), apraxia (11.7%), and anosognosia (11.1%). Agnosia (3.9%), alexia (3.3%), and aprosodia (1.5%) were less frequently found HCFDs. Cardioembolic infarct was most likely to have associated HCFDs (66%), and lacunar infarction was least likely to be accompanied by HCFDs (6%), with infarction caused by large artery thrombosis (50%) and infarct of undetermined cause (47%) having similar frequencies. The co-occurrence of sensory and motor deficits among the eight major subgroups of HCFD showed that neglect syndrome, apraxia, and anosognosia were most likely to be associated with long tract signs, whereas alexia, aprosodia, and agnosia invariably were not associated with sensorimotor impairment. Approximately half of aphasic patients had associated sensorimotor impairment. Conclusion. Our findings show that Higher Cortical Function deficits are prevalent in the acute phase of stroke, particularly aphasia and neglect syndromes. They are more often associated with nonlacunar stroke and some are less likely to be associated with any sensorimotor deficits.

Sara Penner Roberts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Visual disorders of Higher Cortical Function.
    Journal of the American Optometric Association, 1992
    Co-Authors: Sara Penner Roberts
    Abstract:

    Following stroke or other causes of brain damage, patients may demonstrate visual disorders of Higher Cortical Function. These defects involve visual attention, oculomotor skills, visuospatial orientation and object recognition. It is important for optometrists to understand these conditions and consider their presence in individuals with persistent visual complaints despite a normal exam, or in patients who fail to respond to magnification in low vision rehabilitation. The diagnosis and management of these Higher order visual disturbances are discussed.

Dasa Sariadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Perbandingan Gangguan Fungsi Luhur Pasien Cedera Kepala Antara Lesi Contusio Cerebri Daerah Frontal Dengan Temporal Menggunakan Metode Mini Mental State Examination (Mmse) Comprarisson Of Higher Cortical Function In Patient With Cerebral Contusion Fr
    2013
    Co-Authors: Dasa Sariadi, M. Zafrullah Arifin
    Abstract:

    Contusio cerebri terjadi 20% - 30% dari kasus cedera kepala dan paling berat terjadi pada daerah frontal dan temporal. HaI ini disebabkan kedua daerah tersebut paling rentan terhadap decelerasi dan accelerasi. Lesi yang mengenai Iobus frontal dan temporal dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi luhur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat keparahan gangguan fungsi luhur akibat contusio cerebri di daerah frontal dan temporal. Penelitian prospektif kohort terhadap 38 pasien cedera kepala dengan lesi eontusio cerebri di daerah frontal dan temporal yang di rawat di bagian Bedah Saraf RS. Dr. Hasan Sadikin periode Oktober 2009 - Februari 2010. Pemeriksaan menggunakan metode Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) dilakukan setelah tingkat kesadaran pasien komposmentis atau GCS:15. Hasil penelitian dengan uji Mann Whitney test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan komponen gangguan fungsi luhur meliputi orietasi, registrasi, perhatian, meningkat dan bahasa antara lesi contusio cerebri di daerah frontal dengan temporal dengan nilai p.0,05. Skor MMSE dianalisa dengan chi square test. Suatu lesi contusio cerebri di daerah frontal memiliki derajat gangguan fungsi luhur lebih berat di bandingkan temporal. Komponen yang paling banyak terganggu untuk lesi di frontal adalah atensi, sedangkan temporal adalah memori. Cerebral Contusion occurs 20 30% in head injury cases are usually more fatal in frontal and temporal area. This occurs because these areas are the most vulnerable to decelaration and acceleration mechanism. More fatal in head injury, the Higher chances of disturbance in Higher Cortical Functions of the brain. Lesion occuring in the frontal and temporal lobe can cause Higher Cortical Function disturbance. By acknowledging Higher Cortical Function disturbance in these patients, a better informed consent about the patients diagnosis and prognosis can be presented to the family and after care can be managed in neurorehabilitation centre. The goal of this research is finding Higher brain dysFunctional in patient with cerebral contusion of the frontal and temporal lobe by using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The sample size, 38 patients, is calculated using estimated proportion formula and sampling is done using purposive sampling. Normality test with Shapiro Wilk Test to test variable data distribution of the Higher Cortical Function. Whereas to compare Higher Cortical Functions with cerebral contusion in frontal and temporal area use Mann Whitney Test. MMSE score is categorized and analyzed using Chi Square Test. Data analysis by using SPSS program for windows version 13.0 with degree of confidence 95% with p

  • perbandingan gangguan fungsi luhur pasien cedera kepala antara lesi contusio cerebri daerah frontal dengan temporal menggunakan metode mini mental state examination mmse comprarisson of Higher Cortical Function in patient with cerebral contusion from
    2013
    Co-Authors: Dasa Sariadi, Zafrullah M Arifin
    Abstract:

    Contusio cerebri terjadi 20% - 30% dari kasus cedera kepala dan paling berat terjadi pada daerah frontal dan temporal. HaI ini disebabkan kedua daerah tersebut paling rentan terhadap decelerasi dan accelerasi. Lesi yang mengenai Iobus frontal dan temporal dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi luhur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat keparahan gangguan fungsi luhur akibat contusio cerebri di daerah frontal dan temporal. Penelitian prospektif kohort terhadap 38 pasien cedera kepala dengan lesi eontusio cerebri di daerah frontal dan temporal yang di rawat di bagian Bedah Saraf RS. Dr. Hasan Sadikin periode Oktober 2009 - Februari 2010. Pemeriksaan menggunakan metode Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE) dilakukan setelah tingkat kesadaran pasien komposmentis atau GCS:15. Hasil penelitian dengan uji Mann Whitney test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan komponen gangguan fungsi luhur meliputi orietasi, registrasi, perhatian, meningkat dan bahasa antara lesi contusio cerebri di daerah frontal dengan temporal dengan nilai p.0,05. Skor MMSE dianalisa dengan chi square test. Suatu lesi contusio cerebri di daerah frontal memiliki derajat gangguan fungsi luhur lebih berat di bandingkan temporal. Komponen yang paling banyak terganggu untuk lesi di frontal adalah atensi, sedangkan temporal adalah memori. Cerebral Contusion occurs 20 30% in head injury cases are usually more fatal in frontal and temporal area. This occurs because these areas are the most vulnerable to decelaration and acceleration mechanism. More fatal in head injury, the Higher chances of disturbance in Higher Cortical Functions of the brain. Lesion occuring in the frontal and temporal lobe can cause Higher Cortical Function disturbance. By acknowledging Higher Cortical Function disturbance in these patients, a better informed consent about the patients diagnosis and prognosis can be presented to the family and after care can be managed in neurorehabilitation centre. The goal of this research is finding Higher brain dysFunctional in patient with cerebral contusion of the frontal and temporal lobe by using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The sample size, 38 patients, is calculated using estimated proportion formula and sampling is done using purposive sampling. Normality test with Shapiro Wilk Test to test variable data distribution of the Higher Cortical Function. Whereas to compare Higher Cortical Functions with cerebral contusion in frontal and temporal area use Mann Whitney Test. MMSE score is categorized and analyzed using Chi Square Test. Data analysis by using SPSS program for windows version 13.0 with degree of confidence 95% with p<0,05. The result show a significant difference of the component of Higher Cortical Functions including orientation, registration, attention, memory, language between cerebral contusion of the frontal and temporal area in these patients with p value <0,05. From RR value of patients with frontal lobe lesion have greater chances of dysFunction of the Higher Cortical Function compared to patients with temporal lobe lesion. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) can be used to sort Higher Cortical brain dysFunction in head injury patients especially in cerebral contusion so that the outcome of each disturbed component can be predicted. This information can be used for better informed consent and further neurorehabilitation care.

Steven Warach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Review : Mapping Brain Pathophysiology and Higher Cortical Function with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    The Neuroscientist, 1995
    Co-Authors: Steven Warach
    Abstract:

    Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have moved the technology beyond its application solely as a diagnostic test to become a tool for addressing questions of in vivo pathophysiology and Higher Cortical Function in humans. Diffusion-weighted MRI measures the apparent rate of translational movement of water molecules through brain parenchyma. This measurement can be used to determine axonal orientation within white matter, to define regions of tissue edema, and to permit early identification of ischemic neuronal injury related to impairment of Na+-K +-ATPase activity in experimental and human stroke. Changes in various aspects of cerebral perfusion—blood volume, blood flow, and hemoglobin oxygen saturation—can be mea sured with MRI, and altered cerebrovascular circulation and regional brain activation can thereby be inves tigated. Echo planar imaging is a method of ultrafast data acquisition with MRI—individual images are ac quired on the order of 100 msec. Echo planar imaging makes diffusion and p...

Mario Sirico - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.