The Experts below are selected from a list of 103746 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Connie Celum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
management of herpes simplex virus Type 2 infection in HIV Type 1 infected persons
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2006Co-Authors: Lara Strick, Anna Wald, Connie CelumAbstract:Human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons have high rates of herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection, ranging from 50% to 90% in studies of HIV-infected populations from different parts of the world. Genital herpes in persons with HIV Type 1 (HIV-1) infection is associated with more-severe and chronic lesions, as well as increased rates of asymptomatic genital shedding of HSV-2. Nucleoside analogues (acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir) decrease the frequency and severity of HSV-2 recurrences and asymptomatic HSV-2 reactivation and are effective, safe, well-tolerated drugs in patients with HIV-1 infection. These anti-HSV drugs may result in additional clinical and public health benefits for persons with HIV-1 and HSV-2 coinfection by decreasing HIV-1 levels in the blood and genital tract. Given these benefits, HIV-1-infected persons should be routinely tested for HSV-2 infection using Type-specific serologic tests. Persons with HSV-2 infection should be offered HSV-2 education and treatment options. Studies to quantify the potential clinical and public health benefits of treating individuals who have HIV-1 and HSV-2 coinfection with anti-HSV therapy are underway.
-
potential effect of HIV Type 1 antiretroviral and herpes simplex virus Type 2 antiviral therapy on transmission and acquisition of HIV Type 1 infection
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: Connie Celum, N J Robinson, Myron S CohenAbstract:Biological strategies for interrupting transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type 1 should be directed at reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV-1. Potential antiretroviral interventions include reducing the likelihood of transmission of HIV-1 by reducing HIV-1 load in the blood and genital tract of HIV-1--infected person, prophylaxis after high-risk exposure, and pre-exposure prophylaxis for very high risk populations. Antiviral treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2, the most common cause of genital ulcers, should be evaluated as a strategy for HIV-1 infection prevention by reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV-1, on the basis of biological and epidemiological data indicating that HSV-2 facilitates transmission and acquisition of HIV-1. The rationale for antiretroviral and HSV-2-specific interventions and studies to test these strategies are described.
Vincent Soriano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
raltegravir and etravirine are active against HIV Type 1 group o
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009Co-Authors: Veronica Briz, Carolina Garrido, Eva Poveda, Pablo Barreiro, Judit Morello, Carmen De Mendoza, Vincent SorianoAbstract:Abstract The activity of raltegravir and etravirine was assessed in vitro in HIV-1 group O isolates. Despite the presence of some natural polymorphisms associated with resistance to raltegravir (V72I, L74I, S153A, V201I, and T206S) and etravirine (G190A), both drugs showed significant antiviral activity. Subsequently, the clinical benefit was shown in an HIV-1 group O-infected individual in whom enfuvirtide was replaced by raltegravir. Therefore, individuals infected with HIV-1 group O might benefit from raltegravir and/or etravirine therapy.
-
enfuvirtide is active against HIV Type 1 group o
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2005Co-Authors: Eva Poveda, Pablo Barreiro, Berta Rodes, Vincent SorianoAbstract:A high diversity within the HR1/HR2 regions of viral gp41 and one natural change (N42D) within the 36-45 aa domain in HIV-1 group O in comparison with HIV-1 group M isolates have led us to suspect that enfuvirtide (ENF) should not be active against HIV-1 group O. We analyzed in vitro and in vivo the antiviral activity of ENF against HIV-1 group O isolates. The IC50 at baseline was 0.15 +/- 0.028 microg/ml in a clinically derived virus specimen. After initiating treatment with ENF, a significant decline in plasma HIV-RNA and CD4 gain was noticed in one patient. Therefore, individuals with HIV-1 group O strains might benefit from ENF therapy.
-
Viral response to antiretroviral therapy in a patient coinfected with HIV Type 1 and Type
2005Co-Authors: Carlos Toro, Vincent SorianoAbstract:Clinical experience with the treatment of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) Type 2 (HIV-2) infection is limited, and even more scarce is information on therapy for patients coinfected with HIV Type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2. Here, we describe the outcome for a coinfected patient in whom in-fection with both viruses was successfully controlled at the start of antiretroviral therapy, but for whom HIV-2 infection escaped control after a treatment simplification change while HIV-1 remained undetectable. The prevalence of HIV-2 is low outside of West Africa. Nev-ertheless, it is in Western countries where HIV-2–infected pa-tients have access to treatment. Clinical experience in treating HIV-2 infection is scarce, and the principles guiding use of HAART for HIV-1 infection are often applied to HIV-2 with minor changes. However, HIV-2 is naturally resistant to cur-rently available nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, and some other antiretrovirals may show less efficacy against HIV-2 than against HIV-1 [1, 2]. Herein, we describe 1 indi-vidual who was coinfected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 for whom HIV-1 replication but not HIV-2 replication was successfully controlled during HAART. This case illustrates that the presence of both viruses should be monitored, and HAART regimens must be designed with both viruses in mind. Methods. The diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 coinfection was initially made by serological testing. Screening was per-formed using an EIA able to detect all known HIV variants (Axsym HIV1/2 gO; Abbott); a synthetic peptide was use
James Witek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
pharmacokinetics of once daily etravirine without and with once daily darunavir ritonavir in antiretroviral naive HIV Type 1 infected adults
Antiviral Therapy, 2010Co-Authors: E Dejesus, Thomas N Kakuda, Olayemi Osiyemi, Jacob Lalezari, Peter Ruane, Robert Ryan, James WitekAbstract:Background: A pharmacokinetic trial was conducted to evaluate the potential for once-daily etravirine in antiretroviral regimens without and with darunavir/ritonavir. Methods: During this multicentre, open-label, Phase IIa trial, treatment-naive patients aged ≥18 years with HIV Type-1 (HIV-1) received etravirine 400 mg once daily with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine 300/200 mg once daily from days 1-14; on days 15-28, darunavir/ ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily was added. On day 29, etravirine was discontinued and patients continued with the other medications to day 42. Serial blood sampling for etravirine pharmacokinetics was performed over 24 h on day 14 and 28; patients fasted for ≥10 h prior to these visits. Results: Of 23 enrolled patients (male 87%, Caucasian 39%), pharmacokinetic profiles for etravirine were available for 21 and 20 patients on day 14 and 28, respectively. The plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetics for etravirine were unchanged with or without darunavir/ritonavir. The mean maximum plasma concentration (C max ) was reached 4 h after administration and was 790 and 801 ng/ml on day 14 and 28, respectively; mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from before administration to 24 h after administration was 10,410 ng•h/ml on day 14 and 10,720 ng•h/ml on day 28. In a post-hoc analysis, etravirine C max was higher, minimum plasma concentration was lower and AUC was similar when compared with etravirine 200 mg twice daily. Conclusions: Addition of darunavir/ritonavir to etravirine, all dosed once daily, did not have a clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of etravirine. Findings support further investigation of etravirine 400 mg once daily in HIV-1-infected patients.
-
pharmacokinetics of once daily etravirine without and with once daily darunavir ritonavir in antiretroviral naive HIV Type 1 infected adults
Antiviral Therapy, 2010Co-Authors: E Dejesus, Thomas N Kakuda, Olayemi Osiyemi, Jacob Lalezari, Peter Ruane, Robert Ryan, James WitekAbstract:Background A pharmacokinetic trial was conducted to evaluate the potential for once-daily etravirine in antiretroviral regimens without and with darunavir/ritonavir. Methods During this multicentre, open-label, Phase IIa trial, treatment-naive patients aged > or =18 years with HIV Type-1 (HIV-1) received etravirine 400 mg once daily with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine 300/200 mg once daily from days 1-14; on days 15-28, darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once daily was added. On day 29, etravirine was discontinued and patients continued with the other medications to day 42. Serial blood sampling for etravirine pharmacokinetics was performed over 24 h on day 14 and 28; patients fasted for > or =10 h prior to these visits. Results Of 23 enrolled patients (male 87%, Caucasian 39%), pharmacokinetic profiles for etravirine were available for 21 and 20 patients on day 14 and 28, respectively. The plasma concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetics for etravirine were unchanged with or without darunavir/ritonavir. The mean maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) was reached 4 h after administration and was 790 and 801 ng/ml on day 14 and 28, respectively; mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from before administration to 24 h after administration was 10,410 ng*h/ml on day 14 and 10,720 ng*h/ml on day 28. In a post-hoc analysis, etravirine C(max) was higher, minimum plasma concentration was lower and AUC was similar when compared with etravirine 200 mg twice daily. Conclusions Addition of darunavir/ritonavir to etravirine, all dosed once daily, did not have a clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of etravirine. Findings support further investigation of etravirine 400 mg once daily in HIV-1-infected patients. (Trial registration number NCT00534352.).
Pontiano Kaleebu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of human immunodeficiency virus HIV Type 1 envelope subTypes a and d on disease progression in a large cohort of HIV 1 positive persons in uganda
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Pontiano Kaleebu, Neil French, C Mahe, David L Yirrell, Christine Watera, Fred Lyagoba, Jessica Nakiyingi, Alleluiah Rutebemberwa, Dilys MorganAbstract:The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type 1 envelope subTypes A and D on disease progression was investigated in 1045 adults in Uganda. At enrollment and every 6 months, a clinical history, examination, and laboratory investigations that included CD4 cell counts were done. HIV-1 envelope subType was assessed mainly by peptide serology supplemented by heteroduplex mobility assay and DNA sequencing. A multivariate analysis of survival was performed to assess the prognostic value of HIV-1 subType on death. A marginal general linear model also determined the effect of subType on CD4 cell count during follow-up. SubType D was associated with faster progression to death (relative risk, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.56; P=.009) and with a lower CD4 cell count during follow-up (P=.001), compared with subType A, after adjusting for CD4 cell count at enrollment. In Africa, envelope subType D is associated with faster disease progression, compared with subType A.
-
serotyping HIV Type 1 by antibody binding to the v3 loop relationship to viral genoType
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 1994Co-Authors: Rachanee Cheingsongpopov, Pontiano Kaleebu, Simon Lister, David Callow, Simon Beddows, Jonathan WeberAbstract:We have investigated whether peptides representing the HIV-1 principal neutralization domain (V3) can be used as antigens in antibody-binding assays to predict the genoTypes of the subjects' virus. Serum samples collected from HIV-1-infected subjects from the four WHO-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites (Uganda, Rwanda, Thailand, and Brazil) were characterized by antibody binding to a panel of synthetic V3 peptides that were derived from the consensus sequences of the V3 region of the HIV-1 subgroups according to the env phylogenetic analysis (A-E). An indirect V3 peptide-binding assay was used for primary screening, and a V3 peptide antigen-limiting ELISA was then used as a secondary assay to discriminate cross-reactivity if the screening assay was equivocal. In general, V3 peptide serology could predict HIV-1 genoTypes. In sera for which the genoType of the virus was known, peptide assays could predict the correct genoType in approximately 90% of cases for genoTypes A, B, C, and E; Ugandan sera of genoty...
Myron S Cohen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
potential effect of HIV Type 1 antiretroviral and herpes simplex virus Type 2 antiviral therapy on transmission and acquisition of HIV Type 1 infection
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2005Co-Authors: Connie Celum, N J Robinson, Myron S CohenAbstract:Biological strategies for interrupting transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Type 1 should be directed at reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV-1. Potential antiretroviral interventions include reducing the likelihood of transmission of HIV-1 by reducing HIV-1 load in the blood and genital tract of HIV-1--infected person, prophylaxis after high-risk exposure, and pre-exposure prophylaxis for very high risk populations. Antiviral treatment of herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2, the most common cause of genital ulcers, should be evaluated as a strategy for HIV-1 infection prevention by reducing infectiousness of and susceptibility to HIV-1, on the basis of biological and epidemiological data indicating that HSV-2 facilitates transmission and acquisition of HIV-1. The rationale for antiretroviral and HSV-2-specific interventions and studies to test these strategies are described.