The Experts below are selected from a list of 4905 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Janusz Czerepko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development of vegetation in managed scots pine pinus sylvestris l stands in an oak lime Hornbeam forest habitat
Forest Ecology and Management, 2004Co-Authors: Janusz CzerepkoAbstract:Abstract A regeneration process of oak–lime–Hornbeam community (Tilio-Carpinetum typicum Tracz., 1962), developing after a clear cutting followed by a plantation of Scots pine stand (Pinus sylvestris L.), is analysed. A study material comes from managed and strictly protected (The Bialowieza National Park) part of the Bialowieza forest. A series of managed Scots pine stands, comprising developmental phases from thicket to old-growth, is compared with an analogical series of managed pedunculate oak stands – Quercus robur L. (in case of managed stands considered to be in a harmony with a target tree species composition for a given site type), as well as with a series of natural (strictly protected since ca. 80 years) stands, occurring in the Bialowieza National Park. The three experimental variants, occurring in similar site conditions, are compared with regard to the vegetation and stand structure, as well as to the chemical properties of two uppermost soil layers. Analysis of vegetation includes, i.a., calculation of a species richness, a share of species typical for Scots pine and oak–lime–Hornbeam forest, ecological indicator values, as well as an analysis of overall floristic similarity by means of DCA ordination method. Soil conditions are studied by analysis of, i.a. pH in KCl and base saturation. It is concluded that the development of Scots pine stands on the site of oak–lime–Hornbeam community, under conditions of the Bialowieza forest, has not brought about neither a persistent site degradation nor degeneration of the community. Some differences between pine and oak managed stands occurring on the site of oak–lime–Hornbeam forest in the vegetation and chemical properties of the topsoil are generally confined to the comparatively short time period; from thicket to high polewood stages. The acidifying influence of pine needle litter on the site and ground layer vegetation is balanced, or even overridden, by processes associated with the regeneration of the phytocoenosis, first of all by the influence (shading and litter fall) of a rapidly developing Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) layer. Intensive regeneration processes of natural oak–lime–Hornbeam community, supported by site eutrophication, caused by the input of air-borne chemicals and climate warming, lead to the growing discrepancy between Scots pine stands and site conditions. The results obtained suggest that the restoration of more natural conditions in the replacement Scots pine stands can be achieved, in a greater extent than previously assumed, by a means of spontaneous regeneration processes.
-
Development of vegetation in managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in an oak–lime–Hornbeam forest habitat
Forest Ecology and Management, 2004Co-Authors: Janusz CzerepkoAbstract:Abstract A regeneration process of oak–lime–Hornbeam community (Tilio-Carpinetum typicum Tracz., 1962), developing after a clear cutting followed by a plantation of Scots pine stand (Pinus sylvestris L.), is analysed. A study material comes from managed and strictly protected (The Bialowieza National Park) part of the Bialowieza forest. A series of managed Scots pine stands, comprising developmental phases from thicket to old-growth, is compared with an analogical series of managed pedunculate oak stands – Quercus robur L. (in case of managed stands considered to be in a harmony with a target tree species composition for a given site type), as well as with a series of natural (strictly protected since ca. 80 years) stands, occurring in the Bialowieza National Park. The three experimental variants, occurring in similar site conditions, are compared with regard to the vegetation and stand structure, as well as to the chemical properties of two uppermost soil layers. Analysis of vegetation includes, i.a., calculation of a species richness, a share of species typical for Scots pine and oak–lime–Hornbeam forest, ecological indicator values, as well as an analysis of overall floristic similarity by means of DCA ordination method. Soil conditions are studied by analysis of, i.a. pH in KCl and base saturation. It is concluded that the development of Scots pine stands on the site of oak–lime–Hornbeam community, under conditions of the Bialowieza forest, has not brought about neither a persistent site degradation nor degeneration of the community. Some differences between pine and oak managed stands occurring on the site of oak–lime–Hornbeam forest in the vegetation and chemical properties of the topsoil are generally confined to the comparatively short time period; from thicket to high polewood stages. The acidifying influence of pine needle litter on the site and ground layer vegetation is balanced, or even overridden, by processes associated with the regeneration of the phytocoenosis, first of all by the influence (shading and litter fall) of a rapidly developing Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) layer. Intensive regeneration processes of natural oak–lime–Hornbeam community, supported by site eutrophication, caused by the input of air-borne chemicals and climate warming, lead to the growing discrepancy between Scots pine stands and site conditions. The results obtained suggest that the restoration of more natural conditions in the replacement Scots pine stands can be achieved, in a greater extent than previously assumed, by a means of spontaneous regeneration processes.
Roma Durak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
vegetation changes in meso and eutrophic submontane oak Hornbeam forests under long term high forest management
Forest Ecology and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Tomasz Durak, Roma DurakAbstract:Abstract In the recent decades considerable changes have occurred in the plant species composition and diversity of mixed deciduous forests in the large areas of western and northern Europe. The changes have been caused by substantial alterations of the forest management in the 20th century (transformation of low forests maintained for centuries into high forests). This paper analyzes changes in the vegetation patterns of mixed deciduous forests in the part of Europe where low forest systems had not been implemented in the past. Two datasets from the Polish Eastern Carpathians collected in the 1970s and 2000s were used to analyze temporal and spatial changes in the species composition of oak–Hornbeam forests. Herb species richness and compositional dissimilarity ( β diversity) decreased. The observed changes in species composition have resulted from the disappearance of specialist species, including the typical species for oak–Hornbeam forests and fertile deciduous forests and a rare group of thermophilous species as well as the spread of species with wider ecological niche and lower trophic requirements, and species typical for beech forests. It is suggested that the preferential forest management might have contributed to these changes through an increased share of beech and oak at the expense of Hornbeam. Such changes in the species composition of forest stands promote changes in soil properties determining the structure of the herb vegetation – litter becomes thicker and the topsoil pH, nutrient concentration and moisture decrease. Additionally, the processes occurring in the topsoil are enhanced by the cessation of non-timber forest use. Yet, despite the recorded changes in the vegetation, results suggest that in the conditions of long-term high forest management the studied forests have only slightly changed their species composition and maintained their individual character.
-
Vegetation changes in meso- and eutrophic submontane oak–Hornbeam forests under long-term high forest management
Forest Ecology and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Tomasz Durak, Roma DurakAbstract:Abstract In the recent decades considerable changes have occurred in the plant species composition and diversity of mixed deciduous forests in the large areas of western and northern Europe. The changes have been caused by substantial alterations of the forest management in the 20th century (transformation of low forests maintained for centuries into high forests). This paper analyzes changes in the vegetation patterns of mixed deciduous forests in the part of Europe where low forest systems had not been implemented in the past. Two datasets from the Polish Eastern Carpathians collected in the 1970s and 2000s were used to analyze temporal and spatial changes in the species composition of oak–Hornbeam forests. Herb species richness and compositional dissimilarity ( β diversity) decreased. The observed changes in species composition have resulted from the disappearance of specialist species, including the typical species for oak–Hornbeam forests and fertile deciduous forests and a rare group of thermophilous species as well as the spread of species with wider ecological niche and lower trophic requirements, and species typical for beech forests. It is suggested that the preferential forest management might have contributed to these changes through an increased share of beech and oak at the expense of Hornbeam. Such changes in the species composition of forest stands promote changes in soil properties determining the structure of the herb vegetation – litter becomes thicker and the topsoil pH, nutrient concentration and moisture decrease. Additionally, the processes occurring in the topsoil are enhanced by the cessation of non-timber forest use. Yet, despite the recorded changes in the vegetation, results suggest that in the conditions of long-term high forest management the studied forests have only slightly changed their species composition and maintained their individual character.
Pavel Novák - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Ecology and vegetation types of oak-Hornbeam and ravine forests of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Georgia
Folia Geobotanica, 2021Co-Authors: Pavel Novák, Dominik Zukal, Martin Harásek, Pavla Vlčková, Otar Abdaladze, Wolfgang WillnerAbstract:The Caucasus harbours unique forest vegetation so far only little studied using the Braun-Blanquet approach. This study is mostly based on a dataset ( N = 110) of original phytosociological relevés of oak-Hornbeam and ravine forests in the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Georgia. Their unsupervised classification produced seven communities. Five belong to oak-Hornbeam forests (order Lathyro-Carpinetalia caucasicae ). Of the zonal Caucasian alliance Crataego-Carpinion , the association Corno australis-Carpinetum inhabits valleys of the Greater Caucasus, and Clinopodio umbrosi-Carpinetum is confined to the warm Eastern Greater Caucasus promontories. The association Astrantio maximae-Carpinetum of the alliance Astrantio-Carpinion represents distinctive Caucasian montaneoak-Hornbeam forests. The other two communities, documented by a few relevés, were described at the community level only. Within ravine forests (order Aceretalia pseudoplatani ), we introduce a new Caucasian alliance Pachyphragmo macrophyllae-Tilion begoniifoliae with two associations. Valeriano tiliifoliae-Ulmetum glabrae comprises Caucasian montane ravine forests whereas Hedero pastuchovii-Aceretum velutini inhabits the foothills of the Eastern Greater Caucasian. To provide a broader context of the recognized communities, an expanded dataset ( N = 231) of original relevés and previously published relevés of Georgian deciduous forests was analysed. It indicated a major turnover in species composition following biogeographical patterns presumably driven by macroclimate and vegetation history.
-
Oak-Hornbeam forests of central Europe: a formalized classification and syntaxonomic revision
Preslia, 2020Co-Authors: Pavel Novák, Dominik Zukal, Wolfgang Willner, Jozef Kollár, Jan Roleček, Krzysztof Świerkosz, Jörg Ewald, Thomas Wohlgemuth, János Csiky, Viktor OnyshchenkoAbstract:Oak-Hornbeam forests (order Carpinetalia) are a widespread vegetation type in central Europe. As vegetation ecologists focused on them since the pioneering times of vegetation research, many syntaxonomic units are described. However, classification systems used in various central European countries suffer from inconsistencies and overlaps of the concepts of particular associations. Currently there is no consistent syntaxonomic system based on numerical analysis of vegetation plots that would be valid for the whole of central Europe. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to provide a revised syntaxonomic system of oak-Hornbeam forests across central Europe, develop formal definitions of the associations and include these definitions in a classification expert system. We recognized 13 associations, 9 from the alliance Carpinion betuli (central European oak-Hornbeam forests) and 4 from the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion (Illyrian and northern Italian oak-Hornbeam forests). We prepared an expert system that classified 55% of the releves in a central European oak-Hornbeam forest dataset (n = 6212) at the association level. To stabilize the Carpinion betuli association names, we selected nomenclatural type releves for associations that have not been typified so far. In addition, two association names (Poo chaixii-Carpinetum and Pseudostellario-Carpinetum) were validated. Ordination revealed the main drivers of species diversity in these forests, including a complex gradient of soil moisture, nutrient availability and geographical position (mainly latitude). Among the climate variables, annual temperature amplitude and mean annual temperature were most closely correlated with species composition.
-
Syntaxonomy of oak-Hornbeam forests of Central Europe: new insights into old problems.
2018Co-Authors: Pavel NovákAbstract:Oak-Hornbeam forests represent widespread mesophilous deciduous forest vegetation within Central Europe. There are many associations of the alliance Carpinion betuli described. Additionally, several associations of the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion , limited to the southernmost part of Central Europe, were recognized. However, approach to delimitation of associations often differs amongst countries of the region. Contrary to relative commonness of this vegetation, analysis of variability on a broad geographical scale, which could provide crucial insight into its variability, has not been carried out yet. Therefore the main goals of the project are as follows. 1) To analyse variability of Central European oak-Hornbeam forests by various analyses of species composition of phytoso - ciological releves obtained mainly from EVA. 2) To create formal definitions of selected associations using formal logic and based on results of the analyses. 3) To prepare a revised syntaxonomical system of the studied vegetation. The analysed dataset contained approximately 6000 releves of oak-Hornbeam forests from all Central European countries. Unweighted means of Ellenberg ´s indicator values and climatic variables obtained from CHELSA were appended to all releves in order to provide better insight into environmental factors driving their variability. Executed analyses revealed that the main gradient in species composition follows changes in soil moisture and nutrient amount. However, geographical position is also important due to occurrence of many forest mesophytes with distinctive distribution ranges. Afterwards, cocktail formulas for selected associations based on results of numerical analyses were proposed. In this way, 15 association has been defined so far, 11 of the alliance Carpinion betuli and the rest of the alliance Erythronio-Carpinion . Approximately 40% of releves of the dataset were classified on the association level. Mesophilous oak-Hornbeam forest association Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum is the most common unit and it occupies central position among distinguished associations. Stellario holosteae-Carpinetum involving slightly wet types and Primulo veris-Carpinetum involving thermophilous Central European types are other relatively common associations. Final results will be presented during the meeting
-
Vegetation of oak-Hornbeam, scree and ravine forests at lower altitudes in Transcarpathia, Western Ukraine
Tuexenia, 2017Co-Authors: Pavel Novák, Dominik Zukal, Martin Večeřa, Kateřina PíšťkováAbstract:Transitional between the Pannonian Basin and the Eastern Carpathians the Transcarpathian Ukraine (Transcarpathia) has a diverse geology including Quaternary sediments, volcanites, limestones and flysch, and its climate at low altitudes is relatively warm and humid. We conducted a field survey in June 2016 focusing on mesophilous forest vegetation along a transect covering almost the whole low-altitudinal part of Transcarpathia. We recorded 54 releves in the field and further digitized 22 releves from literature. Using classification analysis, we distinguished three clusters of oak-Hornbeam forests (alliance Carpinion betuli; 1–3) and three clusters of scree and ravine forests (alliance Tilio platyphylli-Acerion; 4–6): (1) Slightly wet Pannonian oak-Hornbeam forests occurring in the lowland part of the region (Circaeo-Carpinetum); (2) Mesophilous oak-Hornbeam forests (Carici pilosae-Carpinetum); (3) Xero-mesophilous oak-Hornbeam forests (a drier subtype of the Carici pilosae-Carpinetum and the association Primulo veris-Carpinetum); (4) Mesophilous scree forests (Phyllitido-Aceretum); (5) Forests of steep slopes (Aceri-Tilietum) and transitions to mesophilous oak-Hornbeam forests (Carici pilosae-Carpinetum); (6) Cool and wet scree and ravine forests (Arunco dioici-Aceretum pseudoplatani). Using indirect ordination analysis, three environmental variables (altitude, heat load index and slope) were identified as factors of significant influence on the species composition. These factors well distinguish oak-Hornbeam forests from scree and ravine forests.
-
Formalized classification of oak-Hornbeam forest vegetation in Central and Western Europe: the first insights
2016Co-Authors: Pavel NovákAbstract:Oak -Hornbeam forests are one of the most common type of European mesophilous forest vegetation. The centre of their distribution is in the Central and Western Europe, especially in low -altitude regions with subcontinental climate. In spite of wide distrib ution of this vegetation type, their association -level syntaxonomy on the supranational scale is still unresolved and syntaxonomical systems used in different countries are rather inconsistent. In Central and Western Europe approximately 35 associations of oak -Hornbeam forests has been recognized in literature in the last decades, but some of them are not validly described in the sense of the current International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature or their syntaxonomical status is unclear. The main aim s of the project are as follows: (1) To make a syntaxonomical revision of the associations described so far. (2) To propose a revised syntaxonomical system with formally delimited syntaxa. A representative dataset of releves of the target vegetation in the study region had to be prepared. Releves were obtained especially from the European Vegetation Archive (EVA). We selected releves classified by their authors to oak -Hornbeam forest syntaxa (mainly the alliance Carpinion betuli ) as well as releves with a t otal cover of tree species typical of oak -Hornbeam forests higher than 5%. In the next step these releves (ca. 33 000) were resampled according to their species composition to obtain a more representative dataset of the target vegetation. The final dataset contained more than 5000 releves of oak -Hornbeam forest vegetation. Using this dataset a revision of the associations was done based on multiple comparisons of species composition and the validity of the names of the accepted associations was checked according to the Code. Finally formal definitions of the studied syntaxa were prepared in the Juice software using formal logi
Péter Ódor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Initial regeneration success of tree species after different forestry treatments in a sessile oak-Hornbeam forest
Forest Ecology and Management, 2020Co-Authors: Flóra Tinya, Bence Kovács, Réka Aszalós, Bence Tóth, Péter Csépányi, Csaba Németh, Péter ÓdorAbstract:Abstract Ecological, economic, and social demands triggered a shift in the management of temperate deciduous forests from rotation forestry system towards more nature-based forest management techniques such as continuous cover forestry. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the regeneration success of different tree species—especially oaks—within this management system. Through a systematic experiment, we compared the regeneration processes of a sessile oak-Hornbeam forest after gap-cutting (as an element of continuous cover forestry system) to regeneration after clear-cutting, preparation cutting, and in retention tree groups (treatments of rotation forestry system). A managed, closed, mature forest was used as control. Several different aspects of the regeneration were studied: (1) seed supply of sessile oak—Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., (2) species number and abundance of the natural regeneration, (3) survival and growth of individual saplings of five tree species (sessile and Turkey oak—Quercus cerris L., Hornbeam—Carpinus betulus L., beech—Fagus sylvatica L., and common ash—Fraxinus excelsior L.). The number of acorns was high in closed forest, intermediate in preparation cutting and retention tree group, low in gaps, and zero in clear-cutting. Four years after the interventions, there was no detectable treatment effect on the species number of regeneration. Survival increased in every treatment compared to control, but there was no significant difference in this measure between the differently treated sites. Height growth was highest in the gaps and clear-cuts, intermediate in preparation cuts, and lowest in retention tree groups and controls. Species with different seed dispersal mechanisms responded differently to treatments: oaks were dispersal-limited in the gaps and clear-cuts, while anemochorous species (e.g., Hornbeam and manna ash) were present in every treatment. The survival and growth pattern of the particular species proved to be similar, but the intensity of the response differed: shade-tolerants (Hornbeam, beech, and ash) showed better survival than oaks in most treatments, and their height growth was larger. According to our results, oak regeneration establishes successfully in oak-Hornbeam forests not only in the case of rotation forestry, but also during continuous cover forestry (gap-cutting). The survival and growth of the saplings are similar in cutting areas and gaps, but keeping in mind other considerations (such as preserving forest continuity, balanced site conditions, and forest biodiversity), continuous cover forestry should be preferred.
Tomasz Durak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
vegetation changes in meso and eutrophic submontane oak Hornbeam forests under long term high forest management
Forest Ecology and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Tomasz Durak, Roma DurakAbstract:Abstract In the recent decades considerable changes have occurred in the plant species composition and diversity of mixed deciduous forests in the large areas of western and northern Europe. The changes have been caused by substantial alterations of the forest management in the 20th century (transformation of low forests maintained for centuries into high forests). This paper analyzes changes in the vegetation patterns of mixed deciduous forests in the part of Europe where low forest systems had not been implemented in the past. Two datasets from the Polish Eastern Carpathians collected in the 1970s and 2000s were used to analyze temporal and spatial changes in the species composition of oak–Hornbeam forests. Herb species richness and compositional dissimilarity ( β diversity) decreased. The observed changes in species composition have resulted from the disappearance of specialist species, including the typical species for oak–Hornbeam forests and fertile deciduous forests and a rare group of thermophilous species as well as the spread of species with wider ecological niche and lower trophic requirements, and species typical for beech forests. It is suggested that the preferential forest management might have contributed to these changes through an increased share of beech and oak at the expense of Hornbeam. Such changes in the species composition of forest stands promote changes in soil properties determining the structure of the herb vegetation – litter becomes thicker and the topsoil pH, nutrient concentration and moisture decrease. Additionally, the processes occurring in the topsoil are enhanced by the cessation of non-timber forest use. Yet, despite the recorded changes in the vegetation, results suggest that in the conditions of long-term high forest management the studied forests have only slightly changed their species composition and maintained their individual character.
-
Vegetation changes in meso- and eutrophic submontane oak–Hornbeam forests under long-term high forest management
Forest Ecology and Management, 2015Co-Authors: Tomasz Durak, Roma DurakAbstract:Abstract In the recent decades considerable changes have occurred in the plant species composition and diversity of mixed deciduous forests in the large areas of western and northern Europe. The changes have been caused by substantial alterations of the forest management in the 20th century (transformation of low forests maintained for centuries into high forests). This paper analyzes changes in the vegetation patterns of mixed deciduous forests in the part of Europe where low forest systems had not been implemented in the past. Two datasets from the Polish Eastern Carpathians collected in the 1970s and 2000s were used to analyze temporal and spatial changes in the species composition of oak–Hornbeam forests. Herb species richness and compositional dissimilarity ( β diversity) decreased. The observed changes in species composition have resulted from the disappearance of specialist species, including the typical species for oak–Hornbeam forests and fertile deciduous forests and a rare group of thermophilous species as well as the spread of species with wider ecological niche and lower trophic requirements, and species typical for beech forests. It is suggested that the preferential forest management might have contributed to these changes through an increased share of beech and oak at the expense of Hornbeam. Such changes in the species composition of forest stands promote changes in soil properties determining the structure of the herb vegetation – litter becomes thicker and the topsoil pH, nutrient concentration and moisture decrease. Additionally, the processes occurring in the topsoil are enhanced by the cessation of non-timber forest use. Yet, despite the recorded changes in the vegetation, results suggest that in the conditions of long-term high forest management the studied forests have only slightly changed their species composition and maintained their individual character.