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Bart Karstens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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De mens in zijn totaliteit. De antropologische benadering in het werk van Lammert van der Horst (1893-1978)
Studium, 2010Co-Authors: Bart KarstensAbstract:The totality of man. The anthropological approach to psychiatry in the work of Lammert van der Horst (1893-1978) The anthropological approach was one of the new approaches to psychiatry that emerged in the interbellum. In the Netherlands professor Van der Horst (VU-university Amsterdam and the municipal University of Amsterdam) was its most prominent proponent. The general idea of the anthropological approach was to integrate the various ways of knowing then available. A psychiatric disease was seen as the result of a failure in the self-realisation of the individual person. This required to consider all relevant aspects relating to the patient’s existence. How to tailor these ideas to concrete forms of diagnosis and methods of treatment was no easy matter and Van der Horst devoted himself all his life to this task. He first sought to classify man in three or four types of character inspired by the works of Heymans and Kretschmer. Then he tried to give the specific human aspect its place in psychiatry by introducing a ‘pneumatic’ dimension in his analysis of persons. He also connected this dimension to Calvinism, the church he belonged to. In the 1940’s he made a turn towards existentialism and tried to connect this philosophy to anthropological psychiatry. In spite of its fragmentary appearance I believe it is possible to discern a degree of continuity in the work of Van der Horst. The concern with the specifically human was always central to him. Moreover Van der Horst saw no strict divide between addressing questions in psychiatry and thinking about the greater questions of life which provides an explanation for his meandering thoughts. The dissertation of J.H. van den Berg which appeared in 1946 offers an interesting contrast to Van der Horst. To Van den Berg the anthropological approach was no more than a method best developed by Binswanger. Van den Berg tested this method and concluded that the approach could offer hermeneutic insights at points where methods of the natural sciences fell short. These restrictions had the sake of clarity. In stark contrast, and in spite of all his efforts, many aspects in the work of Van der Horst remained obscure. However his search for an overarching anthropological approach to psychiatry is still interesting to us because it questions what the borders of the field actually are. Since the various approaches to psychiatry are still at best loosely integrated this question is of continuing relevance.
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The totality of man. The anthropological approach to psychiatry in the work of Lammert van der Horst (1893-1978)
Studium (Rotterdam Netherlands), 2010Co-Authors: Bart KarstensAbstract:The anthropological approach was one of the new approaches to psychiatry that emerged in the interbellum. In The Netherlands professor Van der Horst (VU-university Amsterdam and the municipal University of Amsterdam) was its most prominent proponent. The general idea of the anthropological approach was to integrate the various ways of knowing then available. A psychiatric disease was seen as the result of a failure in the self-realisation of the individual person. This required to consider all relevant aspects relating to the patient's existence. How to tailor these ideas to concrete forms of diagnosis and methods of treatment was no easy matter and Van der Horst devoted himself all his life to this task. He first sought to classify man in three or four types of character inspired by the works of Heymans and Kretschmer. Then he tried to give the specific human aspect its place in psychiatry by introducing a 'pneumatic' dimension in his analysis of persons. He also connected this dimension to Calvinism, the church he belonged to. In the 1940's he made a turn towards existentialism and tried to connect this philosophy to anthropological psychiatry. In spite of its fragmentary appearance I believe it is possible to discern a degree of continuity in the work of Van der Horst. The concern with the specifically human was always central to him. Moreover Van der Horst saw no strict divide between addressing questions in psychiatry and thinking about the greater questions of life which provides an explanation for his meandering thoughts. The dissertation of J.H. van den Berg which appeared in 1946 offers an interesting contrast to Van der Horst. To Van den Berg the anthropological approach was no more than a method best developed by Binswanger. Van den Berg tested this method and concluded that the approach could offer hermeneutic insights at points where methods of the natural sciences fell short. These restrictions had the sake of clarity. In stark contrast, and in spite of all his efforts, many aspects in the work of Van der Horst remained obscure. However his search for an overarching anthropological approach to psychiatry is still interesting to us because it questions what the borders of the field actually are. Since the various approaches to psychiatry are still at best loosely integrated this question is of continuing relevance.
Bora Rojay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High-altitude Plio–Quaternary fluvial deposits and their implication on the tilt of a Horst, western Anatolia, Turkey
Geomorphology, 2005Co-Authors: Mehmet Lütfi Süzen, Vedat Toprak, Bora RojayAbstract:Abstract This study investigates the origin and regional tectonic implications of high-altitude Plio (?)–Quaternary fluvial deposits developed over the Bozdag Horst which is an important structural element within the Horst–graben system of western Anatolia, Turkey. A total of 23 deposits occur near the modern drainage divide comprising fluvial to occasionally lacustrine deposits. The deposits are all elongated in N–S direction with a width / length ratio of 1 / 10. The largest of them is of 13 km in length with a maximum observable thickness of about 100–110 m. Morphological, lithological, deformational characteristics of these deposits and the drainage system of the area all suggest that the deposits were formed due to uplift and southward tilting of the Bozdag Horst. This tilting which is estimated as 1.2° to 2.2° caused accumulation of the stream load along channels flowing from south to north. All the deposits were later dissected by the same streams with the exception of one deposit which still preserves its original lake form. These deposits are of Quaternary age, which corresponds to the latest N–S directed extensional tectonic phase in the region.
Mariano Marzo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Oligocene to Middle Miocene evolution of the central Catalan margin (northwestern Mediterranean)
Tectonophysics, 1999Co-Authors: Eduard Roca, Maura Sans, Luis Cabrera, Mariano MarzoAbstract:Abstract The Catalan margin belongs to the northern sector of the margin that separates the extremely thinned continental crust of the Valencia trough from the undeformed or thickened crust of the Iberian microplate. The integration of the available onshore and offshore data (mapping, stratigraphic sections, seismic profiles and well data) enables the present structure of the central Catalan margin to be identified as a major northwest-directed, thick-skinned thrust sheet compartmentalised in a system of NE–SW oriented Horsts and grabens. The geometry and depositional features of the Tertiary successions denote that this structure resulted from two successive evolutionary episodes. The first episode was compressional and gave rise to the emplacement of the Catalan major thrust sheet; the second was extensional, linked to the opening of the Valencia trough. The compressional (pre-extensional) episode is recorded by Lower to lower Upper Oligocene deposits sedimented in a piggyback basin that developed in the present-day offshore. The pre-rift signature of these sedimentary successions is clear (they show constant thickness, are cut by all the normal faults, etc.) and their facies distribution indicates a mostly southwestward spreading of the sediments. The extensional episode includes the syn-rift and post-rift stages. The syn-rift stage resulted in the present Horst-and-graben structure of the Catalan margin and it is recorded by the uppermost Oligocene–lower Burdigalian (Lower Miocene) sediments restricted to the graben troughs. The post-rift stage started in the late Langhian and has continued until the present. It is characterised by the attenuation of the tectonic activity, the sediment spreading over the Horsts (most of them were completely overlapped during this stage) and no sediment thickness changes near the faults. The upper Burdigalian and lower Langhian sequences record that the transition between the syn-rift and post-rift stages was not sharp. These units show intermediate features since they concealed some minor faults and overlapped Horsts, but were still affected by most of the major normal faults. The onshore and offshore tectono-sedimentary and palaeogeographic evolution show that: (1) the northwestern Mediterranean basin existed during the early to middle Oligocene as an extensional basin in the Gulf of Lions and as a contractional piggyback basin in the northeastern Valencia trough; (2) the extension started in the early Oligocene in southern France and migrated progressively southwestward, affecting the northeast Valencia trough during the latest Oligocene–Aquitanian.
Paolo Giubellino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in memoriam Horst wenninger 1938 2020
Nuclear Physics News, 2020Co-Authors: Luisa Cifarelli, Paolo GiubellinoAbstract:Horst WenningerI had the pleasure and privilege to meet Horst Wenninger in the LAA Project context at the European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN). The project was initiated by Antonino Zichichi...
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In Memoriam: Horst Wenninger (1938–2020)
Nuclear Physics News, 2020Co-Authors: Luisa Cifarelli, Paolo GiubellinoAbstract:Horst WenningerI had the pleasure and privilege to meet Horst Wenninger in the LAA Project context at the European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN). The project was initiated by Antonino Zichichi...
Ida Moltke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recalibrating equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early middle pleistocene horse
Nature, 2013Co-Authors: Ludovic Orlando, Aurelien Ginolhac, Guojie Zhang, Duane G Froese, Anders Albrechtsen, Mathias Stiller, Mikkel Schubert, Enrico Cappellini, Bent Petersen, Ida MoltkeAbstract:A low-coverage draft genome sequence from a horse bone recovered from permafrost dated to approximately 560–780 thousand years ago is presented; this represents the oldest full genome sequence to date by almost an order of magnitude. A low-coverage draft genome sequence has been obtained from a horse bone recovered from a permafrost site in the Yukon Territory, Canada, dated to around 560,000–780,000 years before present. This is by far the earliest genome sequence so far determined. The data were compared to draft genome sequences for a Late Pleistocene horse, those of five contemporary domestic horse breeds, a Przewalski's horse and a donkey. Comparative genomics suggest that the Equus lineage that gave rise to all contemporary horses, zebras and donkeys originated about 4.0–4.5 million years ago — much earlier than previously suspected. The data support the contention that Przewalski's horses — an endangered subspecies native to the Mongolian steppes — represent the last surviving wild horse population. The rich fossil record of equids has made them a model for evolutionary processes1. Here we present a 1.12-times coverage draft genome from a horse bone recovered from permafrost dated to approximately 560–780 thousand years before present (kyr bp)2,3. Our data represent the oldest full genome sequence determined so far by almost an order of magnitude. For comparison, we sequenced the genome of a Late Pleistocene horse (43 kyr bp), and modern genomes of five domestic horse breeds (Equus ferus caballus), a Przewalski’s horse (E. f. przewalskii) and a donkey (E. asinus). Our analyses suggest that the Equus lineage giving rise to all contemporary horses, zebras and donkeys originated 4.0–4.5 million years before present (Myr bp), twice the conventionally accepted time to the most recent common ancestor of the genus Equus4,5. We also find that horse population size fluctuated multiple times over the past 2 Myr, particularly during periods of severe climatic changes. We estimate that the Przewalski’s and domestic horse populations diverged 38–72 kyr bp, and find no evidence of recent admixture between the domestic horse breeds and the Przewalski’s horse investigated. This supports the contention that Przewalski’s horses represent the last surviving wild horse population6. We find similar levels of genetic variation among Przewalski’s and domestic populations, indicating that the former are genetically viable and worthy of conservation efforts. We also find evidence for continuous selection on the immune system and olfaction throughout horse evolution. Finally, we identify 29 genomic regions among horse breeds that deviate from neutrality and show low levels of genetic variation compared to the Przewalski’s horse. Such regions could correspond to loci selected early during domestication.
