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Nikolaos Voulvoulis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The management of Household Hazardous Waste in the United Kingdom.
Journal of environmental management, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Waste legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) implements European Union (EU) Directives and Regulations. However, the term used to refer to Hazardous Waste generated in Household or municipal situations, Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), does not occur in UK, or EU, legislation. The EU's Hazardous Waste Directive and European Waste Catalogue are the principal legislation influencing HHW, although the Waste categories described are difficult to interpret. Other legislation also have impacts on HHW definition and disposal, some of which will alter current HHW disposal practices, leading to a variety of potential consequences. This paper discusses the issues affecting the management of HHW in the UK, including the apparent absence of a HHW-specific regulatory structure. Policy and regulatory measures that influence HHW management before disposal and after disposal are considered, with particular emphasis placed on disposal to landfill.
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Household Hazardous Waste data for the UK by direct sampling.
Environmental science & technology, 2007Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Michael Bonin, And Anton Van Santen, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:The amount of Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) disposed of in the United Kingdom (UK) requires assessment. This paper describes a direct analysis study carried out in three areas in southeast England involving over 500 Households. Each participating Householder was provided with a special bin in which to place items corresponding to a list of HHW. The amount of Waste collected was split into nine broad categories: batteries, home maintenance (DIY), vehicle upkeep, pesticides, pet care, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, Household cleaners, and printer cartridges. Over 1 T of Waste was collected from the sample Households over a 32-week period, which would correspond to an estimated 51,000 T if extrapolated to the UK population for the same period or over 7,000 T per month. Details of likely disposal routes adopted by Householders were also sought, demonstrating the different pathways selected for different Waste categories. Co-disposal with residual Household Waste dominated for Waste batteries and ...
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Household Hazardous Waste disposal to landfill: using LandSim to model leachate migration.
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2006Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, David H. Hall, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Municipal solid Waste (MSW) landfill leachate contains a number of aquatic pollutants. A specific MSW stream often referred to as Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) can be considered to contribute a large proportion of these pollutants. This paper describes the use of the LandSim (Landfill Performance Simulation) modelling program to assess the environmental consequences of leachate release from a generic MSW landfill in receipt of co-disposed HHW. Heavy metals and organic pollutants were found to migrate into the zones beneath a model landfill site over a 20,000-year period. Arsenic and chromium were found to exceed European Union and US-EPA drinking water standards at the unsaturated zone/aquifer interface, with levels of mercury and cadmium exceeding minimum reporting values (MRVs). The findings demonstrate the pollution potential arising from HHW disposal with MSW.
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Household Hazardous Waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate.
The Science of the total environment, 2005Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) includes Waste from a number of Household products such as paint, garden pesticides, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, certain detergents, personal care products, fluorescent tubes, Waste oil, heavy metal-containing batteries, wood treated with dangerous substances, Waste electronic and electrical equipment and discarded CFC-containing equipment. Data on the amounts of HHW discarded are very limited and are hampered by insufficient definitions of what constitutes HHW. Consequently, the risks associated with the disposal of HHW to landfill have not been fully elucidated. This work has focused on the assessment of data concerning the presence of Hazardous chemicals in leachates as evidence of the disposal of HHW in municipal landfills. Evidence is sought from a number of sources on the occurrence in landfill leachates of Hazardous components (heavy metals and xenobiotic organic compounds [XOC]) from Household products and the possible disposal-to-emissions pathways occurring within landfills. This review demonstrates that a broad range of xenobiotic compounds occurring in leachate can be linked to HHW but further work is required to assess whether such compounds pose a risk to the environment and human health as a result of leakage/seepage or through treatment and discharge.
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Hazardous components of Household Waste
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) includes Waste containing Hazardous substances originating from domestic sources. HHW has attracted attention recently because of the steadily increasing levels of municipal solid Waste (MSW) of which HHW forms a proportion. A lack of detailed information exists on specific Waste types composing HHW and the volumes of HHW produced. In addition, variations in the definition of HHW hamper the quantification process. The majority of MSW and associated HHW is disposed of to landfill. Understanding the flow of this Waste from Households to disposal facilities will assist in the evaluation of the potential of HHW to harm the environment or human health. This article provides a review of the Hazardous components of Household Waste. It describes attempts to quantify this Waste stream and provides an overview of the health and environmental risks posed by such substances. Results confirm a lack of information on sources and quantities of HHW, together with discrepancies in classific...
Rebecca J. Slack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The management of Household Hazardous Waste in the United Kingdom.
Journal of environmental management, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Waste legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) implements European Union (EU) Directives and Regulations. However, the term used to refer to Hazardous Waste generated in Household or municipal situations, Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), does not occur in UK, or EU, legislation. The EU's Hazardous Waste Directive and European Waste Catalogue are the principal legislation influencing HHW, although the Waste categories described are difficult to interpret. Other legislation also have impacts on HHW definition and disposal, some of which will alter current HHW disposal practices, leading to a variety of potential consequences. This paper discusses the issues affecting the management of HHW in the UK, including the apparent absence of a HHW-specific regulatory structure. Policy and regulatory measures that influence HHW management before disposal and after disposal are considered, with particular emphasis placed on disposal to landfill.
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Household Hazardous Waste data for the UK by direct sampling.
Environmental science & technology, 2007Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Michael Bonin, And Anton Van Santen, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:The amount of Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) disposed of in the United Kingdom (UK) requires assessment. This paper describes a direct analysis study carried out in three areas in southeast England involving over 500 Households. Each participating Householder was provided with a special bin in which to place items corresponding to a list of HHW. The amount of Waste collected was split into nine broad categories: batteries, home maintenance (DIY), vehicle upkeep, pesticides, pet care, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, Household cleaners, and printer cartridges. Over 1 T of Waste was collected from the sample Households over a 32-week period, which would correspond to an estimated 51,000 T if extrapolated to the UK population for the same period or over 7,000 T per month. Details of likely disposal routes adopted by Householders were also sought, demonstrating the different pathways selected for different Waste categories. Co-disposal with residual Household Waste dominated for Waste batteries and ...
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Household Hazardous Waste disposal to landfill: using LandSim to model leachate migration.
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2006Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, David H. Hall, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Municipal solid Waste (MSW) landfill leachate contains a number of aquatic pollutants. A specific MSW stream often referred to as Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) can be considered to contribute a large proportion of these pollutants. This paper describes the use of the LandSim (Landfill Performance Simulation) modelling program to assess the environmental consequences of leachate release from a generic MSW landfill in receipt of co-disposed HHW. Heavy metals and organic pollutants were found to migrate into the zones beneath a model landfill site over a 20,000-year period. Arsenic and chromium were found to exceed European Union and US-EPA drinking water standards at the unsaturated zone/aquifer interface, with levels of mercury and cadmium exceeding minimum reporting values (MRVs). The findings demonstrate the pollution potential arising from HHW disposal with MSW.
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Household Hazardous Waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate.
The Science of the total environment, 2005Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) includes Waste from a number of Household products such as paint, garden pesticides, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, certain detergents, personal care products, fluorescent tubes, Waste oil, heavy metal-containing batteries, wood treated with dangerous substances, Waste electronic and electrical equipment and discarded CFC-containing equipment. Data on the amounts of HHW discarded are very limited and are hampered by insufficient definitions of what constitutes HHW. Consequently, the risks associated with the disposal of HHW to landfill have not been fully elucidated. This work has focused on the assessment of data concerning the presence of Hazardous chemicals in leachates as evidence of the disposal of HHW in municipal landfills. Evidence is sought from a number of sources on the occurrence in landfill leachates of Hazardous components (heavy metals and xenobiotic organic compounds [XOC]) from Household products and the possible disposal-to-emissions pathways occurring within landfills. This review demonstrates that a broad range of xenobiotic compounds occurring in leachate can be linked to HHW but further work is required to assess whether such compounds pose a risk to the environment and human health as a result of leakage/seepage or through treatment and discharge.
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Hazardous components of Household Waste
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) includes Waste containing Hazardous substances originating from domestic sources. HHW has attracted attention recently because of the steadily increasing levels of municipal solid Waste (MSW) of which HHW forms a proportion. A lack of detailed information exists on specific Waste types composing HHW and the volumes of HHW produced. In addition, variations in the definition of HHW hamper the quantification process. The majority of MSW and associated HHW is disposed of to landfill. Understanding the flow of this Waste from Households to disposal facilities will assist in the evaluation of the potential of HHW to harm the environment or human health. This article provides a review of the Hazardous components of Household Waste. It describes attempts to quantify this Waste stream and provides an overview of the health and environmental risks posed by such substances. Results confirm a lack of information on sources and quantities of HHW, together with discrepancies in classific...
Pinette Gaona Francelia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Consumption patterns and Household Hazardous solid Waste generation in an urban settlement in México
Waste Management, 2008Co-Authors: Buenrostro Delgado Otoniel, Márquez-benavides Liliana, Pinette Gaona FranceliaAbstract:Abstract Mexico is currently facing a crisis in the Waste management field. Some efforts have just commenced in urban and in rural settlements, e.g., conversion of open dumps into landfills, a relatively small composting culture, and implementation of source separation and plastic recycling strategies. Nonetheless, the high heterogeneity of components in the Waste, many of these with Hazardous properties, present the municipal collection services with serious problems, due to the risks to the health of the workers and to the impacts to the environment as a result of the inadequate disposition of these Wastes. A generation study in the domestic sector was undertaken with the aim of finding out the composition and the generation rate of Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) produced at residences. Simultaneously to the generation study, a socioeconomic survey was applied to determine the influence of income level on the production of HHW. Results from the solid Waste generation analysis indicated that approximately 1.6% of the Waste stream consists of HHW. Correspondingly, it was estimated that in Morelia, a total amount of 442 ton/day of domestic Waste are produced, including 7.1 ton of HHW per day. Furthermore, the overall amount of HHW is not directly related to income level, although particular byproducts do correlate. However, an important difference was observed, as the brands and the presentation sizes of goods and products used in each socioeconomic stratum varied.
J.r. Gronow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The management of Household Hazardous Waste in the United Kingdom.
Journal of environmental management, 2008Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Waste legislation in the United Kingdom (UK) implements European Union (EU) Directives and Regulations. However, the term used to refer to Hazardous Waste generated in Household or municipal situations, Household Hazardous Waste (HHW), does not occur in UK, or EU, legislation. The EU's Hazardous Waste Directive and European Waste Catalogue are the principal legislation influencing HHW, although the Waste categories described are difficult to interpret. Other legislation also have impacts on HHW definition and disposal, some of which will alter current HHW disposal practices, leading to a variety of potential consequences. This paper discusses the issues affecting the management of HHW in the UK, including the apparent absence of a HHW-specific regulatory structure. Policy and regulatory measures that influence HHW management before disposal and after disposal are considered, with particular emphasis placed on disposal to landfill.
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Household Hazardous Waste data for the UK by direct sampling.
Environmental science & technology, 2007Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Michael Bonin, And Anton Van Santen, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:The amount of Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) disposed of in the United Kingdom (UK) requires assessment. This paper describes a direct analysis study carried out in three areas in southeast England involving over 500 Households. Each participating Householder was provided with a special bin in which to place items corresponding to a list of HHW. The amount of Waste collected was split into nine broad categories: batteries, home maintenance (DIY), vehicle upkeep, pesticides, pet care, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, Household cleaners, and printer cartridges. Over 1 T of Waste was collected from the sample Households over a 32-week period, which would correspond to an estimated 51,000 T if extrapolated to the UK population for the same period or over 7,000 T per month. Details of likely disposal routes adopted by Householders were also sought, demonstrating the different pathways selected for different Waste categories. Co-disposal with residual Household Waste dominated for Waste batteries and ...
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Household Hazardous Waste disposal to landfill: using LandSim to model leachate migration.
Environmental pollution (Barking Essex : 1987), 2006Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, David H. Hall, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Municipal solid Waste (MSW) landfill leachate contains a number of aquatic pollutants. A specific MSW stream often referred to as Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) can be considered to contribute a large proportion of these pollutants. This paper describes the use of the LandSim (Landfill Performance Simulation) modelling program to assess the environmental consequences of leachate release from a generic MSW landfill in receipt of co-disposed HHW. Heavy metals and organic pollutants were found to migrate into the zones beneath a model landfill site over a 20,000-year period. Arsenic and chromium were found to exceed European Union and US-EPA drinking water standards at the unsaturated zone/aquifer interface, with levels of mercury and cadmium exceeding minimum reporting values (MRVs). The findings demonstrate the pollution potential arising from HHW disposal with MSW.
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Household Hazardous Waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate.
The Science of the total environment, 2005Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) includes Waste from a number of Household products such as paint, garden pesticides, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, certain detergents, personal care products, fluorescent tubes, Waste oil, heavy metal-containing batteries, wood treated with dangerous substances, Waste electronic and electrical equipment and discarded CFC-containing equipment. Data on the amounts of HHW discarded are very limited and are hampered by insufficient definitions of what constitutes HHW. Consequently, the risks associated with the disposal of HHW to landfill have not been fully elucidated. This work has focused on the assessment of data concerning the presence of Hazardous chemicals in leachates as evidence of the disposal of HHW in municipal landfills. Evidence is sought from a number of sources on the occurrence in landfill leachates of Hazardous components (heavy metals and xenobiotic organic compounds [XOC]) from Household products and the possible disposal-to-emissions pathways occurring within landfills. This review demonstrates that a broad range of xenobiotic compounds occurring in leachate can be linked to HHW but further work is required to assess whether such compounds pose a risk to the environment and human health as a result of leakage/seepage or through treatment and discharge.
-
Hazardous components of Household Waste
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Rebecca J. Slack, J.r. Gronow, Nikolaos VoulvoulisAbstract:Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) includes Waste containing Hazardous substances originating from domestic sources. HHW has attracted attention recently because of the steadily increasing levels of municipal solid Waste (MSW) of which HHW forms a proportion. A lack of detailed information exists on specific Waste types composing HHW and the volumes of HHW produced. In addition, variations in the definition of HHW hamper the quantification process. The majority of MSW and associated HHW is disposed of to landfill. Understanding the flow of this Waste from Households to disposal facilities will assist in the evaluation of the potential of HHW to harm the environment or human health. This article provides a review of the Hazardous components of Household Waste. It describes attempts to quantify this Waste stream and provides an overview of the health and environmental risks posed by such substances. Results confirm a lack of information on sources and quantities of HHW, together with discrepancies in classific...
Bingyan Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hazardous Waste generation and management in China: a review.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2008Co-Authors: Huabo Duan, Qifei Huang, Qi Wang, Bingyan ZhouAbstract:Associated with the rapid economic growth and tremendous industrial prosperity, continues to be the accelerated increase of Hazardous Waste generation in China. The reported generation of industrial Hazardous Waste (IHW) was 11.62 million tons in 2005, which accounted for 1.1% of industrial solid Waste (ISW) volume. An average of 43.4% of IHW was recycled, 33.0% was stored, 23.0% was securely disposed, and 0.6% was discharged without pollution controlling. By the end of 2004, there were 177 formal treatment and disposal centers for IHW management. The reported quantity of IHW disposed in these centers was only 416,000 tons, 65% of which was landfilled, 35% was incinerated. The quantity of Waste alkali and acid ranked the first among IHW categories, which accounted for 30.9%. And 39.0% of IHW was generated from the raw chemical materials and chemical products industry sectors. South west China had the maximum generation of IHW, accounted for 40.0%. In addition, it was extrapolated that 740,000 tons of medical Wastes were generated per year, of which only 10% was soundly managed. The generation of discarded Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) is another important source of Hazardous Waste. A great proportion of HHW was managed as municipal solid Waste (MSW). Hazardous Waste pollution controlling has come into being a huge challenge faced to Chinese environmental management.