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Woo-sik Jeong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Volatile pollutants emitted from selected liquid Household Products
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    Background, aim, and scope To identify Household Products that may be potential sources of indoor air pollution, the chemical composition emitted from the Products should be surveyed. Although this kind of survey has been conducted by certain research groups in Western Europe and the USA, there is still limited information in scientific literature. Moreover, chemical components and their proportions of Household Products are suspected to be different with different manufacturers. Consequently, the current study evaluated the emission composition for 42 liquid Household Products sold in Korea, focusing on five product classes (deodorizers, Household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Materials and methods The present study included two phase experiments. First, the chemical components and their proportions in Household Products were determined using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer system. For the 19 target compounds screened by the first phase of the experiment and other selection criteria, the second phase was done to identify their proportions in the purged-gas phase. Results The number of chemicals in the Household Products surveyed ranged from 9 to 113. Eight (product class of pesticides) to 17 (product class of cleaning Products) compounds were detected in the purged-gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Six chemicals (acetone, ethanol, limonene, perchloroethylene (PCE), phenol, and 1-propanol) were identified in all five product classes. There were 13 analytes occurring with a frequency of more than 10% in the Household Products: limonene (76.2%), ethanol (71.4%), PCE (66.7%), phenol (40.5%), 1-propanol (35.7%), decane (33%), acetone (28.6%), toluene (19.0%), 2-butoxy ethanol (16.7%), o -xylene (16.7%), chlorobenzene (14.3%), ethylbenzene (11.9%), and hexane (11.9%). All of the 42 Household Products analyzed were found to contain one or more of the 19 compounds. Discussion The chemical composition varied broadly along with the product classes or product categories, and it was different from that reported in other studies abroad, although certain target chemicals were identified in both studies. This finding supports an assertion that chemical components emitted from Household Products may be different in different Products and with different manufacturers. The chlorinated pollutants identified in the present study have not been reported to be components of cleaning Products in papers published since the early 1990s. Limonene was identified as having the highest occurrence in the Household Products in the present study, although it was not detected in any of 67 Household Products sold in the U.S. Conclusions The emission composition of selected Household Products was successfully examined by purge-and-trap analysis. Along with other exposure information such as use pattern of Household Products and the indoor climate, this composition data can be used to estimate personal exposure levels of building occupants. This exposure data can be employed to link environmental exposure to health risk. It is noteworthy that many liquid Household Products sold in Korea emitted several toxic aromatic and chlorinated organic compounds. Moreover, the current finding suggests that product types and manufacturers should be considered, when evaluating building occupants’ exposure to chemical components emitted from Household Products. Recommendations and perspectives The current findings can provide valuable information for the semiquantitative estimation of the population inhalation exposure to these compounds in indoor environments and for the selection of safer Household Products. However, although the chemical composition is known, the emissions of Household Products might include compounds formed during the use of the product or compounds not identified as ingredients by this study. Accordingly, further studies are required, and testing must be done to determine the actual composition being emitted. Similar to eco-labeling of shampoos, shower gels, and foam baths proposed by a previous study, eco-labeling of other Household Products is suggested.

  • volatile pollutants emitted from selected liquid Household Products
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    Background, aim, and scope To identify Household Products that may be potential sources of indoor air pollution, the chemical composition emitted from the Products should be surveyed. Although this kind of survey has been conducted by certain research groups in Western Europe and the USA, there is still limited information in scientific literature. Moreover, chemical components and their proportions of Household Products are suspected to be different with different manufacturers. Consequently, the current study evaluated the emission composition for 42 liquid Household Products sold in Korea, focusing on five product classes (deodorizers, Household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes).

  • characterization of emissions composition for selected Household Products available in korea
    Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated the emission composition for 59 Household Products currently sold in Korea, using a headspace analysis. The chemical composition and concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) broadly varied along with Products, even within the same product category. Up to 1–17 organic compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of any one of the Products. The chemical composition of certain Household Products determined in the current study was different from that of other studies from other countries. Between 4 and 37 compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Of the 59 Household Products analyzed, 58 emitted one or more of the 72 compounds at chromatographic peak areas above 104. There were 11 analytes which occurred with a frequency of more than 10%: limonene (44.2%), ethanol (30.5%), acetone (18.6%), α-pinene (18.6%), o,m,p-xylenes (18.6%), decane (17.0%), toluene (17.0%), β-myrcene (11.9%), ammonia (10.2%), ethylbenzene (10.2%), and hexane (10.2%).

  • Characterization of emissions composition for selected Household Products available in Korea.
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated the emission composition for 59 Household Products currently sold in Korea, using a headspace analysis. The chemical composition and concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) broadly varied along with Products, even within the same product category. Up to 1-17 organic compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of any one of the Products. The chemical composition of certain Household Products determined in the current study was different from that of other studies from other countries. Between 4 and 37 compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Of the 59 Household Products analyzed, 58 emitted one or more of the 72 compounds at chromatographic peak areas above 10(4). There were 11 analytes which occurred with a frequency of more than 10%: limonene (44.2%), ethanol (30.5%), acetone (18.6%), alpha-pinene (18.6%), o,m,p-xylenes (18.6%), decane (17.0%), toluene (17.0%), beta-myrcene (11.9%), ammonia (10.2%), ethylbenzene (10.2%), and hexane (10.2%).

Ki-dong Kwon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Volatile pollutants emitted from selected liquid Household Products
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    Background, aim, and scope To identify Household Products that may be potential sources of indoor air pollution, the chemical composition emitted from the Products should be surveyed. Although this kind of survey has been conducted by certain research groups in Western Europe and the USA, there is still limited information in scientific literature. Moreover, chemical components and their proportions of Household Products are suspected to be different with different manufacturers. Consequently, the current study evaluated the emission composition for 42 liquid Household Products sold in Korea, focusing on five product classes (deodorizers, Household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Materials and methods The present study included two phase experiments. First, the chemical components and their proportions in Household Products were determined using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer system. For the 19 target compounds screened by the first phase of the experiment and other selection criteria, the second phase was done to identify their proportions in the purged-gas phase. Results The number of chemicals in the Household Products surveyed ranged from 9 to 113. Eight (product class of pesticides) to 17 (product class of cleaning Products) compounds were detected in the purged-gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Six chemicals (acetone, ethanol, limonene, perchloroethylene (PCE), phenol, and 1-propanol) were identified in all five product classes. There were 13 analytes occurring with a frequency of more than 10% in the Household Products: limonene (76.2%), ethanol (71.4%), PCE (66.7%), phenol (40.5%), 1-propanol (35.7%), decane (33%), acetone (28.6%), toluene (19.0%), 2-butoxy ethanol (16.7%), o -xylene (16.7%), chlorobenzene (14.3%), ethylbenzene (11.9%), and hexane (11.9%). All of the 42 Household Products analyzed were found to contain one or more of the 19 compounds. Discussion The chemical composition varied broadly along with the product classes or product categories, and it was different from that reported in other studies abroad, although certain target chemicals were identified in both studies. This finding supports an assertion that chemical components emitted from Household Products may be different in different Products and with different manufacturers. The chlorinated pollutants identified in the present study have not been reported to be components of cleaning Products in papers published since the early 1990s. Limonene was identified as having the highest occurrence in the Household Products in the present study, although it was not detected in any of 67 Household Products sold in the U.S. Conclusions The emission composition of selected Household Products was successfully examined by purge-and-trap analysis. Along with other exposure information such as use pattern of Household Products and the indoor climate, this composition data can be used to estimate personal exposure levels of building occupants. This exposure data can be employed to link environmental exposure to health risk. It is noteworthy that many liquid Household Products sold in Korea emitted several toxic aromatic and chlorinated organic compounds. Moreover, the current finding suggests that product types and manufacturers should be considered, when evaluating building occupants’ exposure to chemical components emitted from Household Products. Recommendations and perspectives The current findings can provide valuable information for the semiquantitative estimation of the population inhalation exposure to these compounds in indoor environments and for the selection of safer Household Products. However, although the chemical composition is known, the emissions of Household Products might include compounds formed during the use of the product or compounds not identified as ingredients by this study. Accordingly, further studies are required, and testing must be done to determine the actual composition being emitted. Similar to eco-labeling of shampoos, shower gels, and foam baths proposed by a previous study, eco-labeling of other Household Products is suggested.

  • volatile pollutants emitted from selected liquid Household Products
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    Background, aim, and scope To identify Household Products that may be potential sources of indoor air pollution, the chemical composition emitted from the Products should be surveyed. Although this kind of survey has been conducted by certain research groups in Western Europe and the USA, there is still limited information in scientific literature. Moreover, chemical components and their proportions of Household Products are suspected to be different with different manufacturers. Consequently, the current study evaluated the emission composition for 42 liquid Household Products sold in Korea, focusing on five product classes (deodorizers, Household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes).

  • characterization of emissions composition for selected Household Products available in korea
    Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated the emission composition for 59 Household Products currently sold in Korea, using a headspace analysis. The chemical composition and concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) broadly varied along with Products, even within the same product category. Up to 1–17 organic compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of any one of the Products. The chemical composition of certain Household Products determined in the current study was different from that of other studies from other countries. Between 4 and 37 compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Of the 59 Household Products analyzed, 58 emitted one or more of the 72 compounds at chromatographic peak areas above 104. There were 11 analytes which occurred with a frequency of more than 10%: limonene (44.2%), ethanol (30.5%), acetone (18.6%), α-pinene (18.6%), o,m,p-xylenes (18.6%), decane (17.0%), toluene (17.0%), β-myrcene (11.9%), ammonia (10.2%), ethylbenzene (10.2%), and hexane (10.2%).

  • Characterization of emissions composition for selected Household Products available in Korea.
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated the emission composition for 59 Household Products currently sold in Korea, using a headspace analysis. The chemical composition and concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) broadly varied along with Products, even within the same product category. Up to 1-17 organic compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of any one of the Products. The chemical composition of certain Household Products determined in the current study was different from that of other studies from other countries. Between 4 and 37 compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Of the 59 Household Products analyzed, 58 emitted one or more of the 72 compounds at chromatographic peak areas above 10(4). There were 11 analytes which occurred with a frequency of more than 10%: limonene (44.2%), ethanol (30.5%), acetone (18.6%), alpha-pinene (18.6%), o,m,p-xylenes (18.6%), decane (17.0%), toluene (17.0%), beta-myrcene (11.9%), ammonia (10.2%), ethylbenzene (10.2%), and hexane (10.2%).

Wan-kuen Jo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Volatile pollutants emitted from selected liquid Household Products
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    Background, aim, and scope To identify Household Products that may be potential sources of indoor air pollution, the chemical composition emitted from the Products should be surveyed. Although this kind of survey has been conducted by certain research groups in Western Europe and the USA, there is still limited information in scientific literature. Moreover, chemical components and their proportions of Household Products are suspected to be different with different manufacturers. Consequently, the current study evaluated the emission composition for 42 liquid Household Products sold in Korea, focusing on five product classes (deodorizers, Household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Materials and methods The present study included two phase experiments. First, the chemical components and their proportions in Household Products were determined using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer system. For the 19 target compounds screened by the first phase of the experiment and other selection criteria, the second phase was done to identify their proportions in the purged-gas phase. Results The number of chemicals in the Household Products surveyed ranged from 9 to 113. Eight (product class of pesticides) to 17 (product class of cleaning Products) compounds were detected in the purged-gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Six chemicals (acetone, ethanol, limonene, perchloroethylene (PCE), phenol, and 1-propanol) were identified in all five product classes. There were 13 analytes occurring with a frequency of more than 10% in the Household Products: limonene (76.2%), ethanol (71.4%), PCE (66.7%), phenol (40.5%), 1-propanol (35.7%), decane (33%), acetone (28.6%), toluene (19.0%), 2-butoxy ethanol (16.7%), o -xylene (16.7%), chlorobenzene (14.3%), ethylbenzene (11.9%), and hexane (11.9%). All of the 42 Household Products analyzed were found to contain one or more of the 19 compounds. Discussion The chemical composition varied broadly along with the product classes or product categories, and it was different from that reported in other studies abroad, although certain target chemicals were identified in both studies. This finding supports an assertion that chemical components emitted from Household Products may be different in different Products and with different manufacturers. The chlorinated pollutants identified in the present study have not been reported to be components of cleaning Products in papers published since the early 1990s. Limonene was identified as having the highest occurrence in the Household Products in the present study, although it was not detected in any of 67 Household Products sold in the U.S. Conclusions The emission composition of selected Household Products was successfully examined by purge-and-trap analysis. Along with other exposure information such as use pattern of Household Products and the indoor climate, this composition data can be used to estimate personal exposure levels of building occupants. This exposure data can be employed to link environmental exposure to health risk. It is noteworthy that many liquid Household Products sold in Korea emitted several toxic aromatic and chlorinated organic compounds. Moreover, the current finding suggests that product types and manufacturers should be considered, when evaluating building occupants’ exposure to chemical components emitted from Household Products. Recommendations and perspectives The current findings can provide valuable information for the semiquantitative estimation of the population inhalation exposure to these compounds in indoor environments and for the selection of safer Household Products. However, although the chemical composition is known, the emissions of Household Products might include compounds formed during the use of the product or compounds not identified as ingredients by this study. Accordingly, further studies are required, and testing must be done to determine the actual composition being emitted. Similar to eco-labeling of shampoos, shower gels, and foam baths proposed by a previous study, eco-labeling of other Household Products is suggested.

  • volatile pollutants emitted from selected liquid Household Products
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    Background, aim, and scope To identify Household Products that may be potential sources of indoor air pollution, the chemical composition emitted from the Products should be surveyed. Although this kind of survey has been conducted by certain research groups in Western Europe and the USA, there is still limited information in scientific literature. Moreover, chemical components and their proportions of Household Products are suspected to be different with different manufacturers. Consequently, the current study evaluated the emission composition for 42 liquid Household Products sold in Korea, focusing on five product classes (deodorizers, Household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes).

  • characterization of emissions composition for selected Household Products available in korea
    Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated the emission composition for 59 Household Products currently sold in Korea, using a headspace analysis. The chemical composition and concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) broadly varied along with Products, even within the same product category. Up to 1–17 organic compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of any one of the Products. The chemical composition of certain Household Products determined in the current study was different from that of other studies from other countries. Between 4 and 37 compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Of the 59 Household Products analyzed, 58 emitted one or more of the 72 compounds at chromatographic peak areas above 104. There were 11 analytes which occurred with a frequency of more than 10%: limonene (44.2%), ethanol (30.5%), acetone (18.6%), α-pinene (18.6%), o,m,p-xylenes (18.6%), decane (17.0%), toluene (17.0%), β-myrcene (11.9%), ammonia (10.2%), ethylbenzene (10.2%), and hexane (10.2%).

  • Characterization of emissions composition for selected Household Products available in Korea.
    Journal of hazardous materials, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ki-dong Kwon, Wan-kuen Jo, Woo-sik Jeong
    Abstract:

    The present study investigated the emission composition for 59 Household Products currently sold in Korea, using a headspace analysis. The chemical composition and concentrations of total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) broadly varied along with Products, even within the same product category. Up to 1-17 organic compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of any one of the Products. The chemical composition of certain Household Products determined in the current study was different from that of other studies from other countries. Between 4 and 37 compounds were detected in the headspace gas phase of each product class. Several compounds were identified in more than one product class. Of the 59 Household Products analyzed, 58 emitted one or more of the 72 compounds at chromatographic peak areas above 10(4). There were 11 analytes which occurred with a frequency of more than 10%: limonene (44.2%), ethanol (30.5%), acetone (18.6%), alpha-pinene (18.6%), o,m,p-xylenes (18.6%), decane (17.0%), toluene (17.0%), beta-myrcene (11.9%), ammonia (10.2%), ethylbenzene (10.2%), and hexane (10.2%).

Sait Cemil Sofuoglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • halogenated volatile organic compounds in chlorine bleach containing Household Products and implications for their use
    Atmospheric Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Odabasi, Tolga Elbir, Yetkin Dumanoglu, Sait Cemil Sofuoglu
    Abstract:

    Abstract It was recently shown that substantial amounts of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are formed in chlorine-bleach-containing Household Products as a result of reactions of sodium hypochlorite with organic product components. Use of these Household Products results in elevated indoor air halogenated VOC concentrations. Halogenated VOCs in several chlorine-bleach-containing Household Products (plain, n = 9; fragranced, n = 4; and surfactant-added, n = 29) from Europe and North America were measured in the present study. Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were the dominating compounds having average concentrations of 9.5 ± 29.0 (average ± SD) and 23.2 ± 44.3 (average ± SD) mg L−1, respectively. Halogenated VOC concentrations were the lowest in plain bleach, slightly higher in fragranced Products and the highest in the surfactant-added Products. Investigation of the relationship between the halogenated VOCs and several product ingredients indicated that chlorinated VOC formation is closely related to product composition. Indoor air concentrations from the Household use of bleach Products (i.e., bathroom, kitchen, and hallway cleaning) were estimated for the two dominating VOCs (chloroform and carbon tetrachloride). Estimated indoor concentrations ranged between 0.5 and 1030 (34 ± 123, average ± SD) μg m−3 and 0.3–1124 (82 ± 194, average ± SD) μg m−3 for chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, indicating substantial increases compared to background. Results indicated that indoor air concentrations from surfactant-added Products were significantly higher (p

Mustafa Odabasi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • halogenated volatile organic compounds in chlorine bleach containing Household Products and implications for their use
    Atmospheric Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Odabasi, Tolga Elbir, Yetkin Dumanoglu, Sait Cemil Sofuoglu
    Abstract:

    Abstract It was recently shown that substantial amounts of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are formed in chlorine-bleach-containing Household Products as a result of reactions of sodium hypochlorite with organic product components. Use of these Household Products results in elevated indoor air halogenated VOC concentrations. Halogenated VOCs in several chlorine-bleach-containing Household Products (plain, n = 9; fragranced, n = 4; and surfactant-added, n = 29) from Europe and North America were measured in the present study. Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were the dominating compounds having average concentrations of 9.5 ± 29.0 (average ± SD) and 23.2 ± 44.3 (average ± SD) mg L−1, respectively. Halogenated VOC concentrations were the lowest in plain bleach, slightly higher in fragranced Products and the highest in the surfactant-added Products. Investigation of the relationship between the halogenated VOCs and several product ingredients indicated that chlorinated VOC formation is closely related to product composition. Indoor air concentrations from the Household use of bleach Products (i.e., bathroom, kitchen, and hallway cleaning) were estimated for the two dominating VOCs (chloroform and carbon tetrachloride). Estimated indoor concentrations ranged between 0.5 and 1030 (34 ± 123, average ± SD) μg m−3 and 0.3–1124 (82 ± 194, average ± SD) μg m−3 for chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, respectively, indicating substantial increases compared to background. Results indicated that indoor air concentrations from surfactant-added Products were significantly higher (p

  • halogenated volatile organic compounds from the use of chlorine bleach containing Household Products
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Odabasi
    Abstract:

    Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and many organic chemicals contained in Household cleaning Products may react to generate halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Halogenated VOC emissions from eight different chlorine bleach containing Household Products (pure and diluted) were investigated by headspace experiments. Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were the leading compounds along with several halogenated compounds in the headspace of chlorine bleach Products. One of the most surprising results was the presence of carbon tetrachloride (a probable human carcinogen and a powerful greenhouse gas that was banned for Household use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) in very high concentrations (up to 101 mg m−3). By mixing surfactants or soap with NaOCl, it was shown that the formation of carbon tetrachloride and several other halogenated VOCs is possible. In addition to quantitatively determined halogenated VOCs (n = 15), several nitrogen-containing (n = 4), chlorinated (n = 10), oxygenated compou...