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Tyler J. Vanderweele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Human Flourishing in Cross Cultural Settings. Evidence From the United States, China, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Mexico.
    Frontiers in psychology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Dorota Wȩziak-białowolska, Eileen Mcneely, Tyler J. Vanderweele
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates Human Flourishing in five culturally distinct populations. Empirical differences in Human Flourishing were examined using the recently proposed Flourish Index (FI) and Secure Flourish Index (SFI). Five domains for Human Flourishing are proposed for FI: (D1) happiness and life satisfaction; (D2) physical and mental health; (D3) meaning and purpose; (D4) character and virtue; and (D5) close social relationships. Specification of SFI was augmented by an additional financial and material stability domain (D6). Psychometric properties of FI and SFI were examined with data from the Health and Well-Being Survey. Between June 2017 and March 2018, a total of 6,373 respondents participated in the study – in the US (4083 participants), Sri Lanka (1284 participants), Cambodia (587 participants), China (419 participants) and Mexico (2500 participants). Exploratory and confirmatory factor models were used to validate the proposed indices. An exploratory approach informed analysis for item groupings. Confirmatory factor models were used to investigate the hierarchical structure of the indices. Configural, metric and scalar measurement invariance were established, which not only supported the universal character of the indices but also validated use of indices in culturally distinct populations. Findings from our study enrich our knowledge about Human Flourishing, providing unique comparative results for five populations. With the exception of happiness and life satisfaction, respondents in the US, despite enjoying the highest financial and material stability, scored the lowest in all other domains of Human Flourishing. Respondents in China excelled in close social relationship and health domains. In addition to life satisfaction and happiness, character and virtue were blooming in Cambodia. Respondents in Mexico, despite having the lowest scores in financial and material stability, had the greatest meaning and purpose to their lives. Respondents in Sri Lanka were the least happy and satisfied with life.

  • religious communities and Human Flourishing
    Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Tyler J. Vanderweele
    Abstract:

    Participation in religious services is associated with numerous aspects of Human Flourishing, including happiness and life satisfaction, mental and physical health, meaning and purpose, character and virtue, and close social relationships. Evidence for the effects of religious communities on these Flourishing outcomes now comes from rigorous longitudinal study designs with extensive confounding control. The associations with Flourishing are much stronger for communal religious participation than for spiritual-religious identity or for private practices. While the social support is an important mechanism relating religion to health, this only explains a small portion of the associations. Numerous other mechanisms appear to be operative as well. It may be the confluence of the religious values and practices, reinforced by social ties and norms, that give religious communities their powerful effects on so many aspects of Human Flourishing.

  • On the promotion of Human Flourishing
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017
    Co-Authors: Tyler J. Vanderweele
    Abstract:

    Many empirical studies throughout the social and biomedical sciences focus only on very narrow outcomes such as income, or a single specific disease state, or a measure of positive affect. Human well-being or Flourishing, however, consists in a much broader range of states and outcomes, certainly including mental and physical health, but also encompassing happiness and life satisfaction, meaning and purpose, character and virtue, and close social relationships. The empirical literature from longitudinal, experimental, and quasiexperimental studies is reviewed in attempt to identify major determinants of Human Flourishing, broadly conceived. Measures of Human Flourishing are proposed. Discussion is given to the implications of a broader conception of Human Flourishing, and of the research reviewed, for policy, and for future research in the biomedical and social sciences.

David Leopold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Gregory S. Alexander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Human Flourishing Theory
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020
    Co-Authors: Gregory S. Alexander
    Abstract:

    The justification for private property is, of course, and has long been a contested topic. Historically, there have been several rival accounts of the moral foundation of property, including Locke’s labor theory and Hegel’s personality theory. Today, two are especially prominent, the libertarian, including rights-based, and utilitarian, including law-and-economics, theories. Both of these theories have long historical pedigrees, and in their modern incarnations each has generated several variations. Over the past decade or so, I, both individually and with Eduardo Penalver, have developed an alternative to these two dominant accounts of property, which I have called the Human Flourishing theory. The Human Flourishing theory of property provides the best account of the value constitution that underpins the structure of modern property law. It is also the most morally attractive account of property, both as a concept and as an institution. It draws inspiration from Aristotle, but significant differences exist between the Human Flourishing theory that I shall describe here and Aristotle’s account of Human Flourishing in the Nicomachean Ethics.

  • Can Human Flourishing Be Liberal
    Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence, 2019
    Co-Authors: Gregory S. Alexander
    Abstract:

    The renewed interest in virtue ethics raises again a persistent question, namely, the relationship between the virtue ethics theory and liberalism as a political philosophy. Virtue ethicists focus on the good—i.e., Human Flourishing—and debate what constitutes that good. This focus creates a problem for liberals who are rights-oriented, which is the dominant form of contemporary liberalism. The recent and timely book by Menachem Mautner, Human Flourishing, Liberal Theory, and the Arts , reminds us, however, that liberalism comes in many stripes. There is no one liberalism. Rather, there are many liberalisms. I discuss three aspects of Mautner’s remarkable and important book: first, his conception of Human Flourishing and its relationship to liberalism; second, his argument that a liberal political order committed to Human Flourishing ought to promote the arts; and third, his argument that the liberalism of Flourishing is better able than neutralist liberalism to compete with religion in providing what Mautner calls “Big Meaning.”

  • Property and Human Flourishing
    Oxford Scholarship Online, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gregory S. Alexander
    Abstract:

    Many people assume that what morally justifies private ownership of property is either individual freedom or social welfare, defined in terms of maximizing personal preference-satisfaction. This book offers an alternative way of understanding the moral underpinning of private ownership of property. Rather than identifying any single moral value, this book argues that Human Flourishing is property’s moral foundation. It develops a theory that connects ownership and Human Flourishing with obligations. Owners owe obligations to members of the communities that have enabled the owners to live Flourishing lives by cultivating in their community members certain capabilities that are essential to leading a well-lived life. These obligations are rooted in the interdependence that exists between owners and their community members, a condition that is inherent in the Human condition. Obligations have always been inherent in ownership. The Human Flourishing theory explains why owners at times owe obligations that enable their fellow community members to develop certain necessary capabilities. This book considers implications for a wide variety of property issues of importance both in the literature and in modern society. These include questions such as: When is a government’s expropriation of property legitimate? May the owner of a historic house destroy it without restriction? Do institutions that owned African slaves or otherwise profited from the slave trade owe any obligations to the African American community? What insights may be gained from the Human Flourishing concept into resolving current housing problems like homelessness, eviction, and mortgage foreclosure?

  • Property and Human Flourishing
    2018
    Co-Authors: Gregory S. Alexander, Eduardo M. Peñalver
    Abstract:

    This chapter sets out a theory of property that aims at realizing the ideal of Human Flourishing. The theory draws inspiration from the political and moral theories of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas. Though it departs in significant ways from those classical theories, enough debt to Aristotle remains that we will sometimes refer to the theory simply as “Aristotelian.” As background, we first briefly examine the historical ancestry of this theory, notably in Aristotle’s and Aquinas’s discussions of property. ARISTOTLE Human Nature We begin with Aristotle’s famous statement, which he repeated seven times, that “a Human being is by nature a political animal.” This statement contains both empirical and normative claims. Empirically, part of his meaning is that Humans are social creatures and that we characteristically choose to live with others. As he states in the Nicomachean Ethics , “[n]o one would choose to have all good things all by himself, for man is a social and political being and his natural condition is to live with others.” Beyond this general inclination toward the company of others (at least sometimes), Aristotle also means that we have a deeper need to be part of a political community within which we experience richer and more complete lives than are available to us either alone or within small family units.

  • Ownership and Obligations: The Human Flourishing Theory of Property
    2013
    Co-Authors: Gregory S. Alexander
    Abstract:

    The thesis of this brief paper is straightforward, although not uncontroversial: The moral foundation of property, both as a concept and as an institution, is Human Flourishing. In the remainder of my remarks I will explain what I mean by Human Flourishing, as I use the term, and I will distinguish Human Flourishing from welfare as that term is commonly used today by economists and legal analysts. I will then briefly illustrate the approach through an example.Private property ordinarily triggers notions of individual rights, not social obligations. After all, the core function of private property, at least according to conventional lore, is to insulate individuals from the demands of society both in its organised political form and its non-political collective form. Of course, the common law has long recognised limits on the exercise of property rights, limits that grow out of the needs of others in cases of conflicting land uses. The obvious example is the common law of nuisance, which courts developed using the ancient maxim sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas (“use your land in such a way as not to injure the land of others”) as their guiding principle. But such limits on property rights are considered the exception, not the rule, the periphery rather than the core. The core image of property rights, in the minds of many people, is that the owner has a right to exclude others and owes no further obligation to them. On this view trespass is the paradigmatic cause of action in the law of property. Hence if another intentionally commits trespass upon my land after I have refused permission to pass across it, the trespasser is properly liable for punitive damages even though only trivial damage was done to my property. That image is highly misleading. The right to exclude itself, thought by many to be the most important twig in the so-called bundle of rights, is subject to many exceptions, both at common law and by virtue of statutory or constitutional provisions. For example, the common law requires landowners to permit police to enter privately owned land to prevent a crime from being committed or to make an arrest. More generally, property owners owe far more responsibilities to others, both owners and non-owners, than the conventional imagery of property rights suggests. Property rights are inherently relational, and because of this characteristic, owners necessarily owe obligations to others. But the responsibility, or obligation, dimension of private ownership has been sorely under-theorised. In this brief paper I shall outline a theory of property that emphasises the obligations that owners owe to others, specifically, to certain members of the various communities to which they belong. These obligations vary in different contexts and at different times. As society has grown more complex and more interdependent, the obligations have thickened. Capturing all of these obligations under one theoretical umbrella, one may speak of a social-obligation norm that the law does and should impose on owners. This norm, I want to stress, in inherent in the concept of ownership itself. This is an important point because it means that when the law, whether by way of statutes, administrative action, or judicial decisions, announces some restriction on an owner’s use of her land or building, insofar as that announcement restates what is already part of the social-obligation norm, it is simply a legal recognition of a restriction that is inherent in the concept of ownership rather than being externally imposed and engrafted upon the owner’s bundle of right. The basis of this norm is Human Flourishing. The social-obligation theory builds on the claim that the basic purpose of property is to enable individual to achieve Human Flourishing. The theory further builds on Amartya Sen’s famous insight that Flourishing is a matter of what a person is able to do rather than what he has. That is, the well-lived life should be measured by a person’s capabilities rather than by a person’s possession or by the satisfaction of his subjective preferences. Before developing the social obligation of ownership, I must first explain the foundational norm of Human Flourishing a bit further.

Cathleen M. Shultz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Human Flourishing in nursing education: creating pathways to fulfill the person's unique potential.
    Nursing education perspectives, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ignatius Perkins, Marilyn Brady, Lynn Engelmann, June Larson, Cathleen M. Shultz
    Abstract:

    EDITOR' S NOTE . This is the second of a series of Headlines from the NLN designed to facilitate use of the NLN Education Competencies Model. The first article was in the May-June 2012 issue. See also "Building Innovative Curricula for Academic Progression," Dr. Judith A. Halstead's President's Message in this issue. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF Human Flourishing IS A LIFELONG EXISTENTIAL JOURNEY OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION AND SELF-FULFILLMENT THAT CONTINUES TO EVOLVE UNTIL THE MOMENT OF DEATH. It is an essential part of being fully Human, a sometimes tortured journey of hope, regret, loss, illness, and suffering, as well as achievement. The meaning of Human Flourishing has been explored since the days of the Greek philosophers. Can Human Flourishing be a relevant outcome in nursing education programs? Nurse educators are committed to forming nurses whose outcomes in the provision of nursing care are greater than the eradication or management of disease. Healing of the whole person, not the nursing intervention itself, must be seen as the telos, or desired outcome, of the art and science of nursing, with interventions directed toward bringing healing and hope to the whole person, the family, and community, and incorporating all those particularities that make the Human person unique in all of nature. To master the art and science of nursing, nurse educators help students develop core competencies so they, in turn, can lead patients to look beyond the clinical encounter, or the aberration in their health status, and promote a reintegration of their experiences. Through this work, cherished goals and unforeseen opportunities become part of the patient's renewed, or even new, opportunities, leading to Human Flourishing and fulfillment. Critical to achieving the program outcome of Human Flourishing is the strategic weaving of progressively developed learning activities and the mastery of critical competencies across the nursing curriculum. The process begins with core values, assimilated through a series of increasingly complex integrating concepts, and concludes with mastery of program outcomes. This process is carefully discussed, with artfully designed graphics, in the NLN Education Competencies Model, which is applicable to all types of nursing education programs. Construction of the conceptual framework begins with articulation of the program's outcomes. With Human Flourishing as one program outcome, learning activities appropriate to the specific program, its courses, and the developmental level of the students ought to be initiated with the first nursing course. Given the phenomenon of Human Flourishing in the lived experience of today's nursing students, foundational concepts presented in narrative dialogue on topics such health and illness, Human dignity, compassion, vulnerability, and cultural and ethnic diversity establish a critical framework where students and faculty, as colleagues in the art and science of nursing, arrive at an inestimable understanding of the healing relationship between patient and nurse. …

Ignatius Perkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Human Flourishing in Christ: A Journey of Hope in the Christian Community:
    The Linacre Quarterly, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ignatius Perkins
    Abstract:

    Promoting Human Flourishing among the sick and the dying as the spiritual goal of life—union with Christ—presents one of the most challenging experiences for patients, families, clinicians, and the...

  • Human Flourishing in nursing education: creating pathways to fulfill the person's unique potential.
    Nursing education perspectives, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ignatius Perkins, Marilyn Brady, Lynn Engelmann, June Larson, Cathleen M. Shultz
    Abstract:

    EDITOR' S NOTE . This is the second of a series of Headlines from the NLN designed to facilitate use of the NLN Education Competencies Model. The first article was in the May-June 2012 issue. See also "Building Innovative Curricula for Academic Progression," Dr. Judith A. Halstead's President's Message in this issue. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF Human Flourishing IS A LIFELONG EXISTENTIAL JOURNEY OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION AND SELF-FULFILLMENT THAT CONTINUES TO EVOLVE UNTIL THE MOMENT OF DEATH. It is an essential part of being fully Human, a sometimes tortured journey of hope, regret, loss, illness, and suffering, as well as achievement. The meaning of Human Flourishing has been explored since the days of the Greek philosophers. Can Human Flourishing be a relevant outcome in nursing education programs? Nurse educators are committed to forming nurses whose outcomes in the provision of nursing care are greater than the eradication or management of disease. Healing of the whole person, not the nursing intervention itself, must be seen as the telos, or desired outcome, of the art and science of nursing, with interventions directed toward bringing healing and hope to the whole person, the family, and community, and incorporating all those particularities that make the Human person unique in all of nature. To master the art and science of nursing, nurse educators help students develop core competencies so they, in turn, can lead patients to look beyond the clinical encounter, or the aberration in their health status, and promote a reintegration of their experiences. Through this work, cherished goals and unforeseen opportunities become part of the patient's renewed, or even new, opportunities, leading to Human Flourishing and fulfillment. Critical to achieving the program outcome of Human Flourishing is the strategic weaving of progressively developed learning activities and the mastery of critical competencies across the nursing curriculum. The process begins with core values, assimilated through a series of increasingly complex integrating concepts, and concludes with mastery of program outcomes. This process is carefully discussed, with artfully designed graphics, in the NLN Education Competencies Model, which is applicable to all types of nursing education programs. Construction of the conceptual framework begins with articulation of the program's outcomes. With Human Flourishing as one program outcome, learning activities appropriate to the specific program, its courses, and the developmental level of the students ought to be initiated with the first nursing course. Given the phenomenon of Human Flourishing in the lived experience of today's nursing students, foundational concepts presented in narrative dialogue on topics such health and illness, Human dignity, compassion, vulnerability, and cultural and ethnic diversity establish a critical framework where students and faculty, as colleagues in the art and science of nursing, arrive at an inestimable understanding of the healing relationship between patient and nurse. …