Human Reproductive System

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Maria Phylactou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of peptide yy on the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in healthy men
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chioma Izziengbeaya, Pc Machenahalli, Sophie Jones, Yoshibye Crustna, Deborah Papadopoulou, Manish Modi, Christos Panayi, Jessica Starikova, Pei Chia Eng, Maria Phylactou
    Abstract:

    Context Central and peripheral administration of peptide YY (PYY) has potent anorectic effects, and PYY analogs are under development as antiobesity treatments. Recent animal data suggest PYY may also influence the Reproductive axis; however the effects of PYY on the Human Reproductive System are unknown. Objective To investigate the effects of PYY administration on the Reproductive axis in healthy young men. Design Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Setting Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Participants Eighteen healthy eugonadal men (mean age 24.1 ± 0.9 years, mean body mass index 22.2 ± 0.4 kg/m2). Intervention Eight-hour intravenous infusion of 0.4 pmol/kg/min PYY3-36 or rate-matched vehicle infusion. Main outcome measures Number of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels. Results The number of LH pulses (mean number of LH pulses/8 hours: PYY 4.4 ± 0.3 vs vehicle 4.4 ± 0.4, P > .99), LH area under the curve (AUC) (PYY 1503 ± 79 IU.min/L vs vehicle 1574 ± 86 IU.min/L, P = .36), FSH AUC (PYY 1158 ± 513 IU.min/L vs vehicle 1199 ± 476 IU.min/L, P = .49) and testosterone AUC (PYY 10 485 ± 684 IU.min/L vs vehicle 11 133 ± 803 IU.min/L, P = .24) were similar during PYY and vehicle infusions. Conclusions Acute intravenous infusion of 0.4 pmol/kg/min PYY does not affect the Reproductive axis in healthy men.

Chioma Izziengbeaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of peptide yy on the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in healthy men
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chioma Izziengbeaya, Pc Machenahalli, Sophie Jones, Yoshibye Crustna, Deborah Papadopoulou, Manish Modi, Christos Panayi, Jessica Starikova, Pei Chia Eng, Maria Phylactou
    Abstract:

    Context Central and peripheral administration of peptide YY (PYY) has potent anorectic effects, and PYY analogs are under development as antiobesity treatments. Recent animal data suggest PYY may also influence the Reproductive axis; however the effects of PYY on the Human Reproductive System are unknown. Objective To investigate the effects of PYY administration on the Reproductive axis in healthy young men. Design Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Setting Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Participants Eighteen healthy eugonadal men (mean age 24.1 ± 0.9 years, mean body mass index 22.2 ± 0.4 kg/m2). Intervention Eight-hour intravenous infusion of 0.4 pmol/kg/min PYY3-36 or rate-matched vehicle infusion. Main outcome measures Number of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels. Results The number of LH pulses (mean number of LH pulses/8 hours: PYY 4.4 ± 0.3 vs vehicle 4.4 ± 0.4, P > .99), LH area under the curve (AUC) (PYY 1503 ± 79 IU.min/L vs vehicle 1574 ± 86 IU.min/L, P = .36), FSH AUC (PYY 1158 ± 513 IU.min/L vs vehicle 1199 ± 476 IU.min/L, P = .49) and testosterone AUC (PYY 10 485 ± 684 IU.min/L vs vehicle 11 133 ± 803 IU.min/L, P = .24) were similar during PYY and vehicle infusions. Conclusions Acute intravenous infusion of 0.4 pmol/kg/min PYY does not affect the Reproductive axis in healthy men.

Pc Machenahalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of peptide yy on the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in healthy men
    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2020
    Co-Authors: Chioma Izziengbeaya, Pc Machenahalli, Sophie Jones, Yoshibye Crustna, Deborah Papadopoulou, Manish Modi, Christos Panayi, Jessica Starikova, Pei Chia Eng, Maria Phylactou
    Abstract:

    Context Central and peripheral administration of peptide YY (PYY) has potent anorectic effects, and PYY analogs are under development as antiobesity treatments. Recent animal data suggest PYY may also influence the Reproductive axis; however the effects of PYY on the Human Reproductive System are unknown. Objective To investigate the effects of PYY administration on the Reproductive axis in healthy young men. Design Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. Setting Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Participants Eighteen healthy eugonadal men (mean age 24.1 ± 0.9 years, mean body mass index 22.2 ± 0.4 kg/m2). Intervention Eight-hour intravenous infusion of 0.4 pmol/kg/min PYY3-36 or rate-matched vehicle infusion. Main outcome measures Number of luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses, LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels. Results The number of LH pulses (mean number of LH pulses/8 hours: PYY 4.4 ± 0.3 vs vehicle 4.4 ± 0.4, P > .99), LH area under the curve (AUC) (PYY 1503 ± 79 IU.min/L vs vehicle 1574 ± 86 IU.min/L, P = .36), FSH AUC (PYY 1158 ± 513 IU.min/L vs vehicle 1199 ± 476 IU.min/L, P = .49) and testosterone AUC (PYY 10 485 ± 684 IU.min/L vs vehicle 11 133 ± 803 IU.min/L, P = .24) were similar during PYY and vehicle infusions. Conclusions Acute intravenous infusion of 0.4 pmol/kg/min PYY does not affect the Reproductive axis in healthy men.

  • Effects of peptide-YY on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in healthy men
    'The Endocrine Society', 2019
    Co-Authors: Izzi-engbeaya C, Jones S, Crustna Y, Pc Machenahalli, Papadopoulou D, Modi M, Panayi C, Starikova J, Pc Eng, Phylactou M
    Abstract:

    Context Central and peripheral administration of peptide-YY (PYY) has potent anorectic effects, and PYY analogues are under development as anti-obesity treatments. Recent animal data suggest PYY may also influence the Reproductive axis, however the effects of PYY on the Human Reproductive System are unknown. Objective To investigate the effects of PYY administration on the Reproductive axis in healthy young men. Design Single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Setting Clinical Research Facility, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust. Participants Eighteen healthy eugonadal men (mean age 24.1±0.9years, mean BMI 22.2±0.4kg/m2). Intervention Eight-hour intravenous infusion of 0.4pmol/kg/min PYY3-36 or rate-matched vehicle infusion. Results The number of LH pulses (mean number of LH pulses/8hours: PYY 4.4±0.3 vs vehicle 4.4±0.4, p>0.99), LH area under the curve (AUC) (PYY 1503±79IU.min/L vs vehicle 1574±86IU.min/L, p=0.36), FSH AUC (PYY 1158±513IU.min/L vs vehicle 1199±476IU.min/L, p=0.49) and testosterone AUC (PYY 10485±684IU.min/L vs vehicle 11133±803IU.min/L, p=0.24) were similar during PYY and vehicle infusions. Conclusions Acute intravenous infusion of 0.4pmol/kg/min PYY does not affect the Reproductive axis in healthy men

R A J Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Human Reproductive System microbiomes exhibited significantly different heterogeneity scaling with gut microbiome but the intra System scaling is invariant
    Oikos, 2020
    Co-Authors: R A J Taylor
    Abstract:

    Abstract Maintaining sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is still one of the major mysteries of biology given the apparently high efficiency of asexual reproduction. Co-evolutionary theories such as the Red Queen hypothesis would suggest that the microbiomes in Human Reproductive Systems, specifically the microbiomes contained in semen and vaginal fluids, should reach some level of homogeneity thanks to arguably the most conspicuous microbiome transmission between two sexes. The long-term sexual coevolution should favor the dynamic homogeneity or stability, which should also be beneficial for sexual reproduction such as sperm survival or fertilization on physiological/ecological time scale. We present a piece of quantitative evidence in the form of microbial community spatial heterogeneity to support the stability notion by analyzing three big datasets of the Human vaginal, semen and gut microbiome. Methodologically, we applied a recent community-level extension to the classic Taylor’s power law (Taylor 1961, 1988: Nature), which reached the rare status of ecological law and has found applications beyond biology. The power law analysis revealed that Human vaginal and semen microbiomes exhibited the same scaling parameter size in their community spatial (inter-individual) heterogeneities, while both exhibited significantly different heterogeneity scaling parameter with the Human gut microbiome. Both ecological and evolutionary theories, such as hologenome/holobiont and Red Queen, even first principle, would predict that microbiome transmissions between two sexes should have homogenizing effects on the composition and stability of the microbiomes in Human Reproductive Systems. Importance Maintaining sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is still one of the major mysteries of biology given the apparently high efficiency of asexual reproduction. Co-evolutionary theories such as the Red-Queen hypothesis would suggest that the microbiomes in Human Reproductive Systems, specifically the microbiomes contained in semen and vaginal fluids, should reach some level of homogeneity thanks to arguably the most conspicuous microbiome transmission between two sexes. The long-term sexual co-evolution should favor the dynamic homogeneity or stability, which should also be beneficial for sexual reproduction such as sperm survival or fertilization on physiological/ecological time scale. We present a piece of quantitative evidence in the form of microbial community spatial heterogeneity to support the stability notion by analyzing three big datasets of the Human vaginal, semen and gut microbiome. Both ecological and evolutionary theories would predict that microbiome transmissions between two sexes should have homogenizing effects in Human Reproductive Systems.

Fernández-tejedor Margarita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in raw and cooked seafood from European market: Concentrations and Human exposure levels
    Elsevier, 2020
    Co-Authors: Álvarez-muñoz Diana, Rodríguez-mozaz Sara, Jacobs Silke, Serra-compte Albert, Cáceres Nuria, Sioen Isabelle, Verbeke Wim, Barbosa Vera, Ferrari Federico, Fernández-tejedor Margarita
    Abstract:

    Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are chemicals of emerging concern that can accumulate in seafood sold in markets. These compounds may represent a risk to consumers through effects on the Human Reproductive System, metabolic disorders, pathogenesis of breast cancer or development of microbial resistance. Measuring their levels in highly consumed seafood is important to assess the potential risks to Human health. Besides, the effect of cooking on contaminant levels is relevant to investigate. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to study the presence and levels of PhACs and EDCs in commercially available seafood in the European Union market, to investigate the effect of cooking on contaminant levels, and to evaluate the dietary exposure of Humans to these compounds through seafood consumption. A sampling survey of seafood from 11 European countries was undertaken. Twelve highly consumed seafood types were analysed raw and cooked with 3 analytical methods (65 samples, 195 analysis). PhACs were mostly not detectable or below quantification limits in seafood whereas EDCs were a recurrent group of contaminants quantified in the majority of the samples. Besides, cooking by steaming significantly increased their levels in seafood from 2 to 46-fold increase. Based on occurrence and levels, bisphenol A, methylparaben and triclosan were selected for performing a Human exposure assessment and health risk characterisation through seafood consumption. The results indicate that the Spanish population has the highest exposure to the selected EDCs through seafood consumption, although the exposure via seafood remained below the current toxicological reference values.postprin

  • Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in raw and cooked seafood from European market: Concentrations and Human exposure levels
    'Elsevier BV', 2020
    Co-Authors: Álvarez-muñoz Diana, Rodríguez-mozaz Sara, Jacobs Silke, Serra-compte Albert, Cáceres Nuria, Sioen Isabelle, Verbeke Wim, Barbosa Vera, Ferrari Federico, Fernández-tejedor Margarita
    Abstract:

    Pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are chemicals of emerging concern that can accumulate in seafood sold in markets. These compounds may represent a risk to consumers through effects on the Human Reproductive System, metabolic disorders, pathogenesis of breast cancer or development of microbial resistance. Measuring their levels in highly consumed seafood is important to assess the potential risks to Human health. Besides, the effect of cooking on contaminant levels is relevant to investigate. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to study the presence and levels of PhACs and EDCs in commercially available seafood in the European Union market, to investigate the effect of cooking on contaminant levels, and to evaluate the dietary exposure of Humans to these compounds through seafood consumption. A sampling survey of seafood from 11 European countries was undertaken. Twelve highly consumed seafood types were analysed raw and cooked with 3 analytical methods (65 samples, 195 analysis). PhACs were mostly not detectable or below quantification limits in seafood whereas EDCs were a recurrent group of contaminants quantified in the majority of the samples. Besides, cooking by steaming significantly increased their levels in seafood from 2 to 46-fold increase. Based on occurrence and levels, bisphenol A, methylparaben and triclosan were selected for performing a Human exposure assessment and health risk characterisation through seafood consumption. The results indicate that the Spanish population has the highest exposure to the selected EDCs through seafood consumption, although the exposure via seafood remained below the current toxicological reference values.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio