Human Vulnerability

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Charlie M. Shackleton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Guillaume Thibaut Rohat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Projecting Drivers of Human Vulnerability under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.
    International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018
    Co-Authors: Guillaume Thibaut Rohat
    Abstract:

    The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are the new set of alternative futures of societal development that inform global and regional climate change research. They have the potential to foster the integration of socioeconomic scenarios within assessments of future climate-related health impacts. To date, such assessments have primarily superimposed climate scenarios on current socioeconomic conditions only. Until now, the few assessments of future health risks that employed the SSPs have focused on future Human exposure—i.e., mainly future population patterns—, neglecting future Human Vulnerability. This paper first explores the research gaps—mainly linked to the paucity of available projections—that explain such a lack of consideration of Human Vulnerability under the SSPs. It then highlights the need for projections of socioeconomic variables covering the wide range of determinants of Human Vulnerability, available at relevant spatial and temporal scales, and accounting for local specificities through sectoral and regional extended versions of the global SSPs. Finally, this paper presents two innovative methods of obtaining and computing such socioeconomic projections under the SSPs—namely the scenario matching approach and an approach based on experts’ elicitation and correlation analyses—and applies them to the case of Europe. They offer a variety of possibilities for practical application, producing projections at sub-national level of various drivers of Human Vulnerability such as demographic and social characteristics, urbanization, state of the environment, infrastructure, health status, and living arrangements. Both the innovative approaches presented in this paper and existing methods—such as the spatial disaggregation of existing projections and the use of sectoral models—show great potential to enhance the availability of relevant projections of determinants of Human Vulnerability. Assessments of future climate-related health impacts should thus rely on these methods to account for future Human Vulnerability—under varying levels of socioeconomic development—and to explore its influence on future health risks under different degrees of climate change.

  • Projecting Drivers of Human Vulnerability under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
    2018
    Co-Authors: Guillaume Thibaut Rohat
    Abstract:

    The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are the new global development trends that inform global and regional climate change research. They have the potential to foster the integration of socioeconomic scenarios within assessments of future climate-related health impacts. To date, such assessments have primarily superimposed climate scenarios on current socioeconomic conditions only. Until now, the few assessments of future health risks that employed the SSPs have focused on future Human exposure—i.e., mainly future population patterns—neglecting future Human Vulnerability. This paper first explores the research gaps—mainly linked to the paucity of available projections—that explain such a lack of consideration of Human Vulnerability under the SSPs. It then highlights the need for projections of socioeconomic variables covering the wide range of determinants of Human Vulnerability, available at relevant spatial and temporal scales, and accounting for local specificities through sectoral and regional extended versions of the global SSPs. Finally, this paper presents two innovative methods of obtaining and computing such socioeconomic projections under the SSPs—namely the scenario matching approach and an approach based on experts’ elicitation and correlation analyses—and applies them to the case of Europe. They offer a variety of possibilities for practical application, producing projections at sub-national level of various drivers of Human Vulnerability such as demographic and social characteristics, urbanization, state of the environment, infrastructure, health status, and living arrangements. Both the innovative approaches presented in this paper and existing methods—such as the spatial disaggregation of existing projections and the use of sectoral models—show great potential to enhance the availability of relevant projections of determinants of Human Vulnerability. Assessments of future climate-related health impacts should thus rely on these methods to account for future Human Vulnerability—under varying levels of socioeconomic development—and to explore its influence on future health risks under different degrees of climate change.

Robert W. Sutherst - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Global Change and Human Vulnerability to Vector-Borne Diseases
    Clinical microbiology reviews, 2004
    Co-Authors: Robert W. Sutherst
    Abstract:

    Global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and irrigation, Human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical pollution. Impacts on vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, infections by other arboviruses, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and leishmaniasis are reviewed. While climate change is global in nature and poses unknown future risks to Humans and natural ecosystems, other local changes are occurring more rapidly on a global scale and are having significant effects on vector-borne diseases. History is invaluable as a pointer to future risks, but direct extrapolation is no longer possible because the climate is changing. Researchers are therefore embracing computer simulation models and global change scenarios to explore the risks. Credible ranking of the extent to which different vector-borne diseases will be affected awaits a rigorous analysis. Adaptation to the changes is threatened by the ongoing loss of drugs and pesticides due to the selection of resistant strains of pathogens and vectors. The Vulnerability of communities to the changes in impacts depends on their adaptive capacity, which requires both appropriate technology and responsive public health systems. The availability of resources in turn depends on social stability, economic wealth, and priority allocation of resources to public health.

Sheona Shackleton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ricardo Jiménez-peydró - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Global change and Human Vulnerability to vector-borne diseases - Global change and Human Vulnerability to vector-borne diseases
    Frontiers in physiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rubén Bueno-marí, Ricardo Jiménez-peydró
    Abstract:

    This e-book presents a collection of research and review articles related to the spread, control and basic understanding of vector borne diseases all over the world. It is well known that a multidisciplinary point of view is necessary in order to develop a global vision of this emergent problem. Therefore, in order to promote this holistic approach to the knowledge of vector borne diseases, this e-book contains a total of 19 collaborations of entomologists, epidemiologists, virologists, parasitologists, bacteriologists, zoologists and veterinarians of Europe, Africa, Asia, and America. The title perfectly reflects some of the global factors that are behind the emergence and/or reemergence of vector borne diseases. It is now well known that several climatic, environmental and sociodemographic changes that have occurred over the past years are some of the most important causes for the resurgence of many diseases worldwide. However, global change, defined as the impact of Human activity on the fundamental mechanisms of biosphere functioning, includes not only climate change, but also habitat transformation, water cycle modification, biodiversity loss, synanthropic incursion of alien species into new territories, or the introduction of new chemicals in nature. Although there is a large and varied group of vectors worldwide, in this e-book we have examined the two most important disease vectors in our opinion: mosquitoes and ticks. Studies about the presence and transmission rates of viruses like West Nile, assays about mosquito control with new and encouraging methods, studies related to the importance of vector control strategies, research results about the role of asymptomatic cases of anthroponosis like Dengue, and investigations about the impact of climate trends on diseases transmitted by ticks and mosquitoes, are some of the issues that can be found in this Research Topic. As editors of this Research Topic, we would like to acknowledge sincerely all coauthors for their valuable and interesting contributions and we wish the readers of this e-book a productive and enjoyable reading of some of the most innovative work related to vector borne diseases.