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Kelda Rankine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flow Rate Computations in Hydraulic Fill Mine Stopes
Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Kelda Rankine, Julie Lovisa, William HallAbstract:Mining is a major industry worldwide, where Hydraulic Fills are commonly used for backFilling the underground voids created in the ore removal process. Hydraulic Fills placed in the form of slurry drain through free draining barricades that block the access drives during the Filling process. Failure of the barricades, followed by the in-rush of tailings into the mine can be catastrophic. This paper describes a simple method based on three-dimensional method of fragments, for computing the flow rates. Laboratory tests were carried out on model stopes Filled with sands, and the measured flow rates compared well with those computed using the proposed method. This was also verified through numerical modelling. The proposed expressions for computing the flow rate in the three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope can be useful in the development of a spreadsheet-based Fill simulation program that will help in monitoring the water level and flow rate within the stope, and improve mine safety.
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three dimensional method of fragments to study drainage through Hydraulic Fill stopes
International Journal of Geomechanics, 2012Co-Authors: Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Kelda RankineAbstract:The method of fragments is a simple technique for determining the flow rate, pore water pressure, and exit gradient in two-dimensional confined flow problems. This method is extended to a three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope. Expressions were developed for computing the flow rate and the maximum pore water pressure within the stope, which are two important design parameters for analyzing the drainage characteristics of the stope during Filling. These expressions were validated using laboratory tests on model stopes and a numerical model using an explicit finite difference code, and good agreement was observed. The equations developed in this research note enable quick estimates of flow rate and the maximum pore water pressure within the Hydraulic Fill stope, without resorting to sophisticated simulation models. It is shown that the method of fragments can be applied to three-dimensional seepage problems, provided that appropriate form factors are developed.
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development of two and three dimensional method of fragments to analyse drainage behaviour in Hydraulic Fill stopes
2007Co-Authors: Kelda RankineAbstract:The extraction and processing of most mineral ores, result in the generation of large volumes of finer residue or tailings. The safe disposal of such material is of prime environmental, safety and economical concern to the management of mining operations. In underground metaliferous mining operations, where backFilling of mining voids is necessary, one option is to Fill these voids with a tailings-based engineered product. In cases where the Fill is placed as a slurry and the Fill contains free water, permeable barricades are generally constructed to contain the Fill within the mining void whilst providing a suitable means for the drainage water to escape from the Fill. Recent barricade failures, resulting from poor drainage, have led to an immediate need for an increased understanding of the pore pressure developments and flow rates throughout the Filling operation. This thesis presents simple analytical solutions, based on the ‘method of fragments,’ for estimating discharge and maximum pore pressure for two and three-dimensional Hydraulically Filled stopes. Shape factors were developed to account for the inherent individuality associated with stope and drain geometry. The influence of scaling on discharge and pore pressure measurements is also investigated. The proposed solutions are verified against solutions derived from a finite difference program and physical modelling of a scaled mine stope and results showed excellent agreement. Using these analytical solutions developed for flow through three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stopes, a user-friendly EXCEL model was developed to accurately and efficiently model the drainage behaviour in three-dimensional stopes. The model simulates the complete Filling and draining of the stopes and was verified using the finite difference software FLAC3D. The variation and sensitivity in drainage behaviour and pore water pressure measurements with, the variation in geometry, Fill properties and Filling-cycles of a three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope was also investigated.
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drainage behaviour of three dimensional Hydraulic Fill stopes a sensitivity analysis
2007Co-Authors: Siva Sivakugan, Kelda RankineAbstract:Recent barricade failures in underground Hydraulic Fill mines in Australia and overseas, have resulted in significant economic loss and on a number of occasions, loss of lives. As a result, there is an urgent need in the mining industry for proper understanding of underground Filling practices and in particular the use of Hydraulic Filling. Using analytical solutions developed for flow through three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stopes, an EXCEL model was developed 'to accurately and efficiently model the drainage behaviour in three-dimensional stopes. The model simulates the complete Filling and draining of the stopes and was verified using the three-dimensional finite difference program and results showed excellent agreement. This paper investigates the variation and sensitivity in drainage behaviour and pore water pressure measurements with, the Fill properties of a three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope. The model studied in this paper assumes a simple drain geometry, with a square based stope and single square drain outlet located at the centre of the stope face.
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a simple solution for drainage through a 2 dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2006Co-Authors: Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Kelda RankineAbstract:Inadequate drainage has been attributed as the major cause of failure of several Hydraulic Fill stopes that have claimed lives. Therefore it is necessary to be able to predict the pore water pressure developments and flow rates throughout the Filling operation. There are computer programmes that can simulate the Hydraulic Filling of a mine stope and enable computations of the pore water pressures, flow rates and Hydraulic gradients at any time. This paper presents a simple analytical solution for estimating the maximum pore water pressure within the stope, flow rate and the Hydraulic gradients at the entry and exit. The proposed solutions are verified against solutions derived from FLAC, a finite difference software, and the agreement is found to be excellent. A simple equation for the Hydraulic gradient at the top of the stope, as a function of the height of water within the Fill, is also presented.
Nagaratnam Sivakugan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydraulic Fill research at James Cook University in the new millennium
2020Co-Authors: Kandiah Pirapakaran, Shailesh Singh, Nagaratnam SivakuganAbstract:The Geotechnical Engineering research group at James Cook University has been working closely with all the leading mines in Australia in the area of mineFills. They have carried out substantial research and consulting work on the drainage and stress developments within Hydraulic Fills. The objective of this paper is to summarize their work during the past five years on Hydraulic Fills. The paper will serve as a one-stop reference, pointing to relevant literature including the authors' own publications, on various issues covering drainage and stress developments within Hydraulic Fills. More than 15 different Hydraulic Fills, representing five major mines in Australia, were studied. Their grain size distributions and placement characteristics including permeability, porosity and dry density were studied and comparisons were made with the limited in situ data available in the literature. Stress development within Hydraulic Fills has been studied to minimize the risk associated with barricades failure. FLAC and FLAC3D were used to model stress developments within the Hydraulic Fills and were compared against the approximate closed form solutions available in the literature. A laboratory model was developed to study arching effects within the Hydraulic Fills.
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Consolidation behavior of Hydraulic Fills
2020Co-Authors: Shailesh Singh, Nagaratnam SivakuganAbstract:The backFilling of mines provide safe working conditions and increases the strength of the nearby ground. The Hydraulic backFill is one of the most popular backFills used in mines. These consist of classified mine tailing with not more than 10% by weight of size less than 10 I-lm, with approximately 70% by weight of solid content. The anecdotal evidence suggests that the consolidation of the deslimed Hydraulic Fill is instantaneous (Thomas et al. 1979, Clark 1988). All current computer programs (Isaac 8: Carter 1983, Traves 8: Isaac 1991, Rankine 2005 ) used for simulating the Hydraulic Fills to study the drainage behavior assumed that the Hydraulic Fill settles instantaneously and are based on uncoupled analysis. The objective of this paper is to study the consolidation behavior of Hydraulic Fills experimentally and to check the validity of this assumption. The consolidation behavior of mine tailings is different from the sand and clays. Laboratory tests have been carried out in James Cook University laboratory to measure the time dependent settlement in Hydraulic Fills, due to consolidation and creep. It has been found that the time dependent settlement and immediate settlement contributes equally to the settlement. The results of tests are presented and discussed in this paper.
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Flow Rate Computations in Hydraulic Fill Mine Stopes
Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Kelda Rankine, Julie Lovisa, William HallAbstract:Mining is a major industry worldwide, where Hydraulic Fills are commonly used for backFilling the underground voids created in the ore removal process. Hydraulic Fills placed in the form of slurry drain through free draining barricades that block the access drives during the Filling process. Failure of the barricades, followed by the in-rush of tailings into the mine can be catastrophic. This paper describes a simple method based on three-dimensional method of fragments, for computing the flow rates. Laboratory tests were carried out on model stopes Filled with sands, and the measured flow rates compared well with those computed using the proposed method. This was also verified through numerical modelling. The proposed expressions for computing the flow rate in the three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope can be useful in the development of a spreadsheet-based Fill simulation program that will help in monitoring the water level and flow rate within the stope, and improve mine safety.
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three dimensional method of fragments to study drainage through Hydraulic Fill stopes
International Journal of Geomechanics, 2012Co-Authors: Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Kelda RankineAbstract:The method of fragments is a simple technique for determining the flow rate, pore water pressure, and exit gradient in two-dimensional confined flow problems. This method is extended to a three-dimensional Hydraulic Fill stope. Expressions were developed for computing the flow rate and the maximum pore water pressure within the stope, which are two important design parameters for analyzing the drainage characteristics of the stope during Filling. These expressions were validated using laboratory tests on model stopes and a numerical model using an explicit finite difference code, and good agreement was observed. The equations developed in this research note enable quick estimates of flow rate and the maximum pore water pressure within the Hydraulic Fill stope, without resorting to sophisticated simulation models. It is shown that the method of fragments can be applied to three-dimensional seepage problems, provided that appropriate form factors are developed.
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The permeability of Hydraulic Fills under surcharge
International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2008Co-Authors: Shailesh Singh, Nagaratnam Sivakugan, Sarvesh ChandraAbstract:AbstractHydraulic Fill is the most common type of backFill used in the underground mines in Australia and world-wide. These Fills are granular in nature and are expected to have adequate drainage characteristics when placed underground in the form of slurry, enabling quick discharge of all excess water through the horizontal drives placed at various levels. Problem with drainage is often attributed as the main cause of failures of several barricades that are used to cover the drives and retain the Hydraulic Fill while the stope is being Filled. Barricade failures can be catastrophic, claiming lives and causing significant economic losses. Permeability of the Hydraulic Fill plays a key role in the selection of the Hydraulic Fill for the underground mines. Most permeability measurements reported in the literature are from undisturbed or reconstituted samples in the laboratory under no surcharge. However, in the mine stopes the Hydraulic Fill is subjected to significant surcharge due to the overburden. The o...
Anand J. Puppala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seismic response analysis of a Hydraulic Fill dam
Acta Geotechnica, 2020Co-Authors: Sayantan Chakraborty, Tejo V. Bheemasetti, Anand J. PuppalaAbstract:The seismic response of a highly heterogeneous Hydraulic Fill dam was evaluated by studying the natural frequencies of the first and second modes of vibration and analyzing the crest accelerations of different two-dimensional or 2D sections of the dam when subjected to two different earthquake excitations. The existing methods for determination of the natural frequency of earthen embankment structures can only be used to analyze the structural response at small strain levels. However, during seismic events, the natural frequency of an earthen dam is significantly affected by the nonlinear material behavior exhibited by the geomaterials at high strain levels. Hence, a novel method was devised to evaluate the strain-dependent natural frequency for plane strain 2D dam sections, using a synthesized multi-sine base excitation. The degradation of first and second natural frequencies of transverse vibration for all the 2D sections followed a linear trend when plotted against the respective crest’s root mean square strain on a logarithmic scale. The slope of the degradation curve was found to depend on the constituent material properties prevalent in the individual sections. The observed variations in natural frequencies and crest accelerations of the 2D dam sections were also used to assess the suitability of using two-dimensional plane strain analyses for studying the response of a long earthen dam having variability in material properties. Results indicate that there is a considerable chance of erroneous estimation of the seismic response of such highly heterogeneous earthen dams that are conventionally analyzed using plane strain models. A 2D analysis was found to merely capture the seismic response of the individual sections of the dam as independent entities while ignoring the stiffening or weakening effect of the adjacent neighboring segments that may have different material properties.
Sdic Qinzhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Application of Caisson Construction Technology on Beach Hydraulic Fill Yard
Electric Power Science and Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Sdic QinzhouAbstract:Aiming to the caisson construction on beach Hydraulic Fill yard,which is construction difficulty in the process of coastal power plant capital construction,the article validates the correctness and security of the algorithm, through theoretical calculation and material implement of caisson construction on the beach Hydraulic Fill sand yard which is in Qinzou coal fired Power Plant.It is completed in the limit time of the project and succeeds in the construction quality.
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Experimental research on treating Hydraulic Fill sand ground with plastic draining plate
Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering, 2020Co-Authors: Liang Yuan-zhong, Zhou Xuan, Sdic QinzhouAbstract:According to the field monitoring and the in-situ tests of the plastic draining plate on the Hydraulic Fill sand ground,the differences between the two treatments with dissimilar technological parameters are compared from the aspects of water level variation,pore water pressure,horizontal displacement,ground strength index,etc..The reasons of the differences are analysed;and a necessary guidance to the large-area construction is put forward;also the reasonable parameters are provided.
Hongxing Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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application of cone penetration test technology in whole process inspection of reinforcing Hydraulic Fill sand foundation
GeoShanghai International Conference, 2018Co-Authors: Deyong Wang, Sheng Chen, Xiaocong Liang, Hongxing ZhouAbstract:Cone Penetration Test (CPT) is one of the most widely adopted and accepted test means for determining geotechnical soil properties in ground investigation and inspection. Based on the whole process of ground improvement of a LNGI project in Middle East, the Hydraulic Fill material is mainly sand from medium to coarse, which contain some fine particles, and the soil was identified improved by vibroflotation. CPT technology is widely applied in different stages of foundation treatment, such as investigation stage, design stage, field trial stage, material monitoring stage and inspection & assessment stage, which were showed in the project case. These ideas and scheme shall provide meaning reference for similar project design and construction especially overseas projects.
