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Peter J. Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy Management for an 8000 hp Hybrid Hydraulic Mining Shovel
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Adel Nasiri, Peter J. MillerAbstract:There has been an increasing interest in concept of hybrid architecture which is penetrating the heavy industry machines, in recent years, including for Hydraulic Mining shovels (HMSs). Achieving increased machine efficiency, productivity, and performance, reduced emissions, and prolonged lifetime are the main goals in developing hybrid shovel structures. This paper presents the energy management concept for an electric HMS, which uses high power density energy storage systems to supplement the diesel-powered generators. A 2.25-MW ultracapacitor system is applied to improve the sluggish dynamic response of the diesel engines during sudden load changes and to reduce the engine power requirements by maintaining an optimal engine speed. In addition to the engine dynamic improvement, the ultracapacitor system supports the engine during peak power demand allowing for a smaller engine size, which results in higher fuel savings and less exhaust emissions. Detailed control schemes for the converters and system are described. Results of simulations, off-board testing, and on-board testing for an implemented 8000 hp Mining shovel are provided and discussed. The machine operates smoothly at varying load conditions. The initial assessments indicate a 30% increase in machine productivity and 26% increase in fuel efficiency compared with a 120-ton conventional Hydraulic machine.
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The Effect of Available Short-Circuit Capacity and Trail Cable Length on Substation Voltage Amplification in Surface Excavation Industry
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016Co-Authors: Omar J. Abdel-baqi, Michael G. Onsager, Peter J. MillerAbstract:The use of long-length medium-voltage portable trailing cables in the surface extraction industry to power the major excavation tools, such as electric rope shovel (ERS), electric drills, electric Hydraulic Mining shovel (HMS), and dragline is indispensable. Since these cables are highly capacitive with low X/R ratio, it is very important to conduct voltage stability analysis before adding a new machine to an existing power system. This paper investigates the effect of the trailing cable length on the mine substation voltage quality. An overvoltage condition that causes the failure of an auxiliary power supplies onboard one of the high-power machines is investigated. The possible causes of the overvoltage, predominantly the interaction between current harmonics generated by the use of variable speed drives and the long-cable capacitance and substation inductance, are described theoretically and simulated. Power requirements and installation guidelines for high-power electrically driven Mining shovels are established. Onsite measurements are used to validate the theoretical analysis and confirm recommendations.
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Energy management for an 8000HP hybrid Hydraulic Mining shovel
2015 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), 2015Co-Authors: Peter J. Miller, Adel NasiriAbstract:The concept of hybrid architecture is penetrating the heavy industry machines including Hydraulic Mining Shovels (HMS). Achieving increased machine efficiency, productivity, and performance, reduced emissions, and prolonged lifetime are the main goals in developing hybrid shovel structures. This paper presents the energy management concept for an HMS, which uses high power density energy storage system to supplement the existing diesel-powered generators. A 2.25 MW ultracapacitor system is applied to improve the sluggish dynamic response of the diesel engine during sudden load changes and to limit the engine power requirements by maintaining an optimal engine speed. In addition to the engine dynamic improvement, the ultracapacitor system supports the engine during peak power demand allowing for a smaller engine size for the machine, which results in higher fuel savings and less exhaust emissions. Detailed control schemes for the converters and system are described and modeling and experimental results are also provided to verify the analyses.
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Dynamic Performance Improvement and Peak Power Limiting Using Ultracapacitor Storage System for Hydraulic Mining Shovels
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Adel Nasiri, Peter J. MillerAbstract:This paper presents a concept to improve the dynamic response, efficiency, productivity, and fuel consumption of Hydraulic Mining shovels (HMSs) using a high power energy storage system to supplement the existing diesel-powered generators. A 2.25-MW ultracapacitor system is applied to improve the sluggish dynamic response of the diesel engine during sudden load changes and to limit the engine power requirements by maintaining an optimal engine speed. When the load rate of change increases above a specified rate limit, the ultracapacitor system supplements power to support loads in order to limit the power ramp rate for the generator. In addition to the engine dynamic improvement, the ultracapacitor system supports the engine during peak power demand, allowing for a smaller engine size for the machine, which results in higher fuel savings and less exhaust emissions. An interleaved bidirectional dc/dc converter is designed to interface between the ultracapacitor bank and main dc bus. Sophisticated multilayer control strategies are designed, implemented, and applied to the system to perform complete machine power management while keeping the dc bus voltage stable. Modeling and experimental results for an 8000-hp HMS with the novel electrification architecture have also been presented.
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IAS - The effect of available short circuit capacity and trail cable length on substation voltage amplification in surface excavation industry
2015 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Michael G. Onsager, Peter J. MillerAbstract:The use of long length medium voltage portable trailing cables in the surface extraction industry to power the major excavation tools such as electric rope shovel, electric drills, electric Hydraulic Mining shovel, and dragline is indispensable. Since these cables are highly capacitive with low X/R ratio, it is very important to conduct voltage stability analysis before adding a new machine to an existing power system. This paper investigates the effect of the trailing cable length on the mine substation voltage quality. An overvoltage condition which causes the failure of an auxiliary power supplies onboard one of the high power machines is investigated. The possible causes of the overvoltage, predominantly the interaction between current harmonics generated by the use of variable speed drives and the long cable capacitance and substation inductance, is described theoretically and simulated. Power requirements and installation guidelines for high power electrically driven Mining shovels is established. On-site measurements are used to validate the theoretical analysis and confirm recommendations.
Omar Abdel-baqi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy Management for an 8000 hp Hybrid Hydraulic Mining Shovel
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Adel Nasiri, Peter J. MillerAbstract:There has been an increasing interest in concept of hybrid architecture which is penetrating the heavy industry machines, in recent years, including for Hydraulic Mining shovels (HMSs). Achieving increased machine efficiency, productivity, and performance, reduced emissions, and prolonged lifetime are the main goals in developing hybrid shovel structures. This paper presents the energy management concept for an electric HMS, which uses high power density energy storage systems to supplement the diesel-powered generators. A 2.25-MW ultracapacitor system is applied to improve the sluggish dynamic response of the diesel engines during sudden load changes and to reduce the engine power requirements by maintaining an optimal engine speed. In addition to the engine dynamic improvement, the ultracapacitor system supports the engine during peak power demand allowing for a smaller engine size, which results in higher fuel savings and less exhaust emissions. Detailed control schemes for the converters and system are described. Results of simulations, off-board testing, and on-board testing for an implemented 8000 hp Mining shovel are provided and discussed. The machine operates smoothly at varying load conditions. The initial assessments indicate a 30% increase in machine productivity and 26% increase in fuel efficiency compared with a 120-ton conventional Hydraulic machine.
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Dynamic Performance Improvement and Peak Power Limiting Using Ultracapacitor Storage System for Hydraulic Mining Shovels
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Adel Nasiri, Peter J. MillerAbstract:This paper presents a concept to improve the dynamic response, efficiency, productivity, and fuel consumption of Hydraulic Mining shovels (HMSs) using a high power energy storage system to supplement the existing diesel-powered generators. A 2.25-MW ultracapacitor system is applied to improve the sluggish dynamic response of the diesel engine during sudden load changes and to limit the engine power requirements by maintaining an optimal engine speed. When the load rate of change increases above a specified rate limit, the ultracapacitor system supplements power to support loads in order to limit the power ramp rate for the generator. In addition to the engine dynamic improvement, the ultracapacitor system supports the engine during peak power demand, allowing for a smaller engine size for the machine, which results in higher fuel savings and less exhaust emissions. An interleaved bidirectional dc/dc converter is designed to interface between the ultracapacitor bank and main dc bus. Sophisticated multilayer control strategies are designed, implemented, and applied to the system to perform complete machine power management while keeping the dc bus voltage stable. Modeling and experimental results for an 8000-hp HMS with the novel electrification architecture have also been presented.
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IAS - The effect of available short circuit capacity and trail cable length on substation voltage amplification in surface excavation industry
2015 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Michael G. Onsager, Peter J. MillerAbstract:The use of long length medium voltage portable trailing cables in the surface extraction industry to power the major excavation tools such as electric rope shovel, electric drills, electric Hydraulic Mining shovel, and dragline is indispensable. Since these cables are highly capacitive with low X/R ratio, it is very important to conduct voltage stability analysis before adding a new machine to an existing power system. This paper investigates the effect of the trailing cable length on the mine substation voltage quality. An overvoltage condition which causes the failure of an auxiliary power supplies onboard one of the high power machines is investigated. The possible causes of the overvoltage, predominantly the interaction between current harmonics generated by the use of variable speed drives and the long cable capacitance and substation inductance, is described theoretically and simulated. Power requirements and installation guidelines for high power electrically driven Mining shovels is established. On-site measurements are used to validate the theoretical analysis and confirm recommendations.
L. Allan James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long-term Hydraulic Mining sediment budgets: Connectivity as a management tool
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: L. Allan James, Carrie Monohan, Brandon ErtisAbstract:Abstract Approximately 1.1 × 109 m3 of sediment were produced by late nineteenth century Hydraulic gold Mining in the Sierra Nevada of northern California. Modern geospatial methods combined with 2014 airborne LiDAR 1 × 1-m data are used to map and model a distributed sediment budget for upper Steephollow Creek, one of the most severely impacted catchments in the region. Digital elevation models (DEMs) were developed for three times using geomorphometry to construct sediment budgets. The 2014 surface is from the LiDAR bare-earth DEM, the pre-Mining surface before 1853 was interpolated from contours extended along ridges and pre-Mining valley bottoms, and the 1884 maximum aggradation surface was interpolated from contours extended across high terraces. Mine pit volumes indicate that ~23.5 × 106 m3 of Hydraulic Mining sediment (HMS) was produced in the 54.6 km2 study catchment. Volumes of HMS stored in the catchment were computed for 2014 (3.75 × 106 m3) and for ca. 1884 at the time of maximum aggradation (7.15 × 106 m3). The 2014 storage is 16% of the sediment produced in the catchment, indicating a sediment delivery ratio (SDR) of 84% of the HMS from the basin, which is higher than most agricultural basins and indicates a strong longitudinal sediment connectivity in this region. Storage in 1884 represents 30% of production indicating a SDR of 70% during the period of Mining. Dynamics and strong scale dependencies of sediment connectivity are documented with regard to space and time. Over the past 130 years, 3.57 × 106 m3—approximately half of the storage in upper Steephollow Creek—was eroded and carried out of the catchment.
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Status of the Lower Sacramento Valley Flood-Control System within the Context of Its Natural Geomorphic Setting
Natural Hazards Review, 2008Co-Authors: Michael Bliss Singer, Rolf Aalto, L. Allan JamesAbstract:The Sacramento River’s flood-control system was conceived as a series of weirs and bypasses that routes floods out of the leveed main channel into natural floodways engineered to drain directly into the bay delta. The system, superimposed on a natural geomorphic setting consisting of geologic, sedimentary, and tectonic controls, still relies on weirs and bypasses to keep low-lying communities dry during floods. However, the Sacramento Valley bypass system exhibits widespread evidence of impairment by sedimentation, especially at prehistoric loci of alluvial splays. Episodic flooding in the basin delivers large volumes of sediment that accumulate throughout the flood bypasses, especially from legacy tailings fans that originated in the Hydraulic Mining era. In addition to decreasing flow capacity, these deposits promote colonization of vegetation, which, in turn, increases roughness and decreases flood conveyance. We document three bypass regions that are affected by natural geomorphic controls, where cons...
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Development of the Lower Sacramento Valley Flood-Control System: Historical Perspective
Natural Hazards Review, 2008Co-Authors: L. Allan James, Michael Bliss SingerAbstract:Natural physical conditions and the politics of flood management provide the historical context for structural flood control that underlies modern flood hazards in the Sacramento Valley. The valley is a broad, low plain with backswamp basins that were frequently inundated prior to Anglo-American settlement, continuing until the modern flood-control system was established. Early attempts to emulate the Mississippi River single-channel levee strategy failed repeatedly in the Sacramento Valley due to high flow variability, Mining sedimentation, lack of a coordinated levee system, and the inability of the main channels to carry most of the flood flows. Hydraulic Mining caused massive sedimentation in major east-side tributaries, such as the Feather, Yuba, Bear, and American Rivers, and in the Sacramento River below the Feather River confluence. This sedimentation led to a flood-control design that relied on levees with narrow cross-channel spacings to promote channel scour and facilitate navigation. Even with...
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Sediment from Hydraulic Mining detained by Englebright and small dams in the Yuba basin
Geomorphology, 2005Co-Authors: L. Allan JamesAbstract:Recent initiatives to find ways to reintroduce anadromous fish to the Central Valley of California have identified the Yuba River as one of the best potential watersheds for expanding spawning habitat of spring-run chinook salmon and steelhead trout. Salmon spawning in the Yuba River would require substantial modifications or removal of Englebright Dam, a large dam (86 million m 3 capacity) built by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in 1941. An extensive on-going feasibility study by local, state, and federal organizations, therefore, is exaMining aspects of various dam-treatment scenarios that range from no action to complete dam removal. This paper examines the extraordinary history of the watershed and resulting conditions pertinent to the feasibility of altering Englebright Dam. It seeks to accomplish four goals. First, historical geomorphic changes in the watershed are outlined that influence the physical context of the feasibility study. The Yuba watershed is centered in the Hydraulic gold-Mining region made
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Tailings fans and valley‐spur cutoffs created by Hydraulic Mining
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2004Co-Authors: L. Allan JamesAbstract:Sand and gravel tailings from nineteenth century open-pit Hydraulic gold mines formed large alluvial fans at tributary confluences in the northwestern Sierra Nevada, California. In the Bear River watershed, several of these fans were so large that they blocked main channels for decades. Some channels not only aggraded deeply, but also moved laterally and cut across the inner bends of valley spurs. Now locked in bedrock channels, these valley-spur cutoffs impose local controls on geomorphic, Hydraulic, and sedimentary processes. One cutoff has incised 25 m into bedrock over the past century (25 cm a−1) with rapid initial incision rates of up to 50 cm a−1 (1884–1890). Recognition of spur cutoffs in the geological record may help to identify large landslides and provide an analogue for a type of natural earthfill dam spillway not prone to catastrophic failures. Tailing fans, valley-spur cutoffs, and the sediment they trap are described from contemporary accounts and recent field conditions in the Bear River watershed. These anthropogenic changes represent a major shift in the watershed from supply-limited to transport-limited sediment budgets and a change in geomorphic processes away from long-term drainage evolution dominated by ingrown meanders. The large volumes of Mining sediment stored in these landforms will be slowly released over the next millennium and could be significant to contemporary ecological and public health issues due to recent findings of high mercury loadings associated with Hydraulic mines. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allan L James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quartz concentration as an index of sediment mixing Hydraulic mine tailings in the sierra nevada california
Geomorphology, 1991Co-Authors: Allan L JamesAbstract:Abstract Hydraulic gold Mining delivered large volumes of sediment to northern California stream channels from 1853 to 1884. Distinctive quartz compositions of this sediment allow development of a sediment mixing index for determination of tailings concentrations in contemporaneous and reworked deposits. This index reveals patterns of sediment mixing in the Bear River, California over the last 100 years. A conceptual model summarizes the nature of sediment mixing in the Bear River basin through time and space. High terrace sediment compositions suggest that Hydraulic Mining sediment was diluted by about 22% other alluvium as it moved more than 60 km to the Sacramento Valley. This substantial volume of other alluvium was introduced during the Mining period by human activities in addition to Hydraulic Mining. Sediment compositions in modern low-flow channels indicate that most channel reaches within the Mining districts remain dominated by tailings due to sustained reworking of stored alluvium. Tailings are substantially diluted downstream in modern channel deposits, however, due to trapping of sediment by dams and local erosion of Quarternary alluvium.
Michael G. Onsager - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Effect of Available Short-Circuit Capacity and Trail Cable Length on Substation Voltage Amplification in Surface Excavation Industry
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2016Co-Authors: Omar J. Abdel-baqi, Michael G. Onsager, Peter J. MillerAbstract:The use of long-length medium-voltage portable trailing cables in the surface extraction industry to power the major excavation tools, such as electric rope shovel (ERS), electric drills, electric Hydraulic Mining shovel (HMS), and dragline is indispensable. Since these cables are highly capacitive with low X/R ratio, it is very important to conduct voltage stability analysis before adding a new machine to an existing power system. This paper investigates the effect of the trailing cable length on the mine substation voltage quality. An overvoltage condition that causes the failure of an auxiliary power supplies onboard one of the high-power machines is investigated. The possible causes of the overvoltage, predominantly the interaction between current harmonics generated by the use of variable speed drives and the long-cable capacitance and substation inductance, are described theoretically and simulated. Power requirements and installation guidelines for high-power electrically driven Mining shovels are established. Onsite measurements are used to validate the theoretical analysis and confirm recommendations.
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IAS - The effect of available short circuit capacity and trail cable length on substation voltage amplification in surface excavation industry
2015 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Abdel-baqi, Michael G. Onsager, Peter J. MillerAbstract:The use of long length medium voltage portable trailing cables in the surface extraction industry to power the major excavation tools such as electric rope shovel, electric drills, electric Hydraulic Mining shovel, and dragline is indispensable. Since these cables are highly capacitive with low X/R ratio, it is very important to conduct voltage stability analysis before adding a new machine to an existing power system. This paper investigates the effect of the trailing cable length on the mine substation voltage quality. An overvoltage condition which causes the failure of an auxiliary power supplies onboard one of the high power machines is investigated. The possible causes of the overvoltage, predominantly the interaction between current harmonics generated by the use of variable speed drives and the long cable capacitance and substation inductance, is described theoretically and simulated. Power requirements and installation guidelines for high power electrically driven Mining shovels is established. On-site measurements are used to validate the theoretical analysis and confirm recommendations.
