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Paolo Agnolucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy optimisation based framework for Hydrogen Infrastructure development
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Marta Morenobenito, Paolo Agnolucci, Lazaros G PapageorgiouAbstract:This work studies the development of a sustainable Hydrogen Infrastructure that supports the transition towards a low-carbon transport system in the United Kingdom (UK). The future Hydrogen demand is forecasted over time using a logistic diffusion model, which reaches 50% of the market share by 2070. The problem is solved using an extension of SHIPMod, an optimisation-based framework that consists of a multi-period spatially-explicit mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The optimisation model combines the Infrastructure elements required throughout the different phases of the transition, namely economies of scale, road and pipeline transportation modes and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, in order to minimise the present value of the total Infrastructure cost using a discounted cash-flow analysis. The results show that the combination of all these elements in the mathematical formulation renders optimal solutions with the gradual Infrastructure investments over time required for the transition towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy.
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towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy role of carbon price for achieving ghg emission targets
Computer-aided chemical engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Marta Morenobenito, Paolo Agnolucci, Will Mcdowall, Lazaros G PapageorgiouAbstract:Abstract This work studies the role of carbon price in the development of a sustainable Hydrogen Infrastructure that satisfies the concerted greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets in the United Kingdom (UK) for the next decades. In particular, the optimal design of a Hydrogen Infrastructure for the transport sector in the UK that leads a transition towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy is sought. The problem is solved with an optimisation-based framework consisting of a multi-period spatially-explicit mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The future Hydrogen demand is predicted according to a logistic diffusion model that reaches the 50% of the market share in 2070. Additionally, UK carbon price policies that penalise carbon emissions are incorporated into the economic objective function to be minimised, which consists of the total cost for constructing and operating the Infrastructure. By comparing the CO2 emissions obtained in the optimisation problem with the carbon budgets set by the UK Government to succeed in the 2050 European GHG emission directives, it is possible to determine the pertinence of carbon prices.
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Designing future Hydrogen Infrastructure: Insights from analysis at different spatial scales
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Paolo Agnolucci, Will McdowallAbstract:Abstract This paper critically reviews the growing literature optimising Hydrogen Infrastructure. We examine studies across spatial scales: national scale studies using energy system models; regional scale studies optimising spatially disaggregated Hydrogen Infrastructure; and local scale studies optimising the siting of filling stations. For the latter two types of study, we critically assess the assumptions made around Hydrogen demand, a key exogenous input into these studies. We identify knowledge gaps and issues that have not been sufficiently addressed in the literature, and we suggest areas for further work.
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Hydrogen Infrastructure for the transport sector
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007Co-Authors: Paolo AgnolucciAbstract:The aim of this paper is to review the factors already discussed in the literature and identify gaps or issues which seem to require further debate in relation of the introduction of Hydrogen in the transport sector. Studies in the academic and grey literature have analysed transport systems with a rather wide range of Hydrogen penetration rates, utilisation of the Infrastructure, hypotheses on the dynamics of the systems, capital costs of the Infrastructure and Hydrogen price. Most of the issues which could widen the debate in the literature are related to policy instruments. In particular, more attention should be paid to the policy instruments needed to foster co-ordination among stakeholders, persuade drivers to buy Hydrogen vehicles despite the existence of a sparse Infrastructure; guarantee investment in the early, possibly loss-making, retail stations and to foster financially sustainable government commitments. The effect of limited availability of Hydrogen vehicle models on the penetration rates in the literature and the sensitivity of the Hydrogen price to taxation from the government are other two issues deserving a more in-depth discussion.
Joan M. Ogden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A GIS-based Assessment of Coal-based Hydrogen Infrastructure Deployment in the State of Ohio
2009Co-Authors: Nils Johnson, Christopher Yang, Joan M. OgdenAbstract:Hydrogen Infrastructure costs will vary by region as geographic characteristics and feedstocks differ. This paper proposes a method for optimizing regional Hydrogen Infrastructure deployment by combining detailed spatial data in a geographic information system (GIS) with a technoeconomic model of Hydrogen Infrastructure components. The method is applied to a case study in Ohio in which coal-based Hydrogen Infrastructure with carbon capture and storage (CCS) is modeled for two distribution modes at several steady-state Hydrogen vehicle market penetration levels. The paper identifies the optimal Infrastructure design at each market penetration as well as the costs, CO2 emissions, and energy use associated with each Infrastructure pathway. The results indicate that aggregating Infrastructure at the regional-scale yields lower levelized costs of Hydrogen than at the city-level at a given market penetration level, and centralized production with pipeline distribution is the favored pathway even at low market penetration. Based upon the Hydrogen Infrastructure designs evaluated in this paper, coal-based Hydrogen production with CCS can significantly reduce transportation-related CO2 emissions at a relatively low Infrastructure cost and levelized fuel cost.
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Modeling Deployment of Alternative Fuel Infrastructure in California Using GIS
2008Co-Authors: Nils Johnson, Christopher Yang, Joan M. OgdenAbstract:As California explores a potential transition to a Hydrogen-based transportation system, an important step is to gain insight into the design and costs of a statewide Infrastructure for producing and delivering Hydrogen during this period. This paper describes GISbased methods for optimizing the deployment of production, distribution, and refueling Infrastructure as Hydrogen vehicle market penetration evolves from 1% to 50% in California. Two particular modeling efforts are emphasized: 1) prediction of the spatial distribution of Hydrogen demand at fixed market penetration levels and 2) optimization of Hydrogen Infrastructure to supply statewide demand via centralized Hydrogen production with pipeline distribution or onsite production. The spatial model is combined with technoeconomic models of Hydrogen Infrastructure components to identify the optimal Infrastructure design at each market penetration as well as the costs and CO2 emissions of Infrastructure deployment. This paper presents a GIS-based method for evaluating and designing alternative fuel Infrastructure in a regional context.
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Implementing a Hydrogen Energy Infrastructure: Storage Options and System Design
MRS Online Proceedings Library, 2006Co-Authors: Joan M. Ogden, Christopher YangAbstract:The development of a Hydrogen Infrastructure has been identified as a key barrier to implementing Hydrogen as for a future transportation fuel. Several recent studies of Hydrogen Infrastructure have assessed near-term and long-term alternatives for Hydrogen supply [1-2]. In this paper, we discuss how advances in material science related to Hydrogen storage could change how a future Hydrogen Infrastructure is designed. Using a simplified engineering/economic model for Hydrogen Infrastructure design and cost, we explore some potential impacts of advances in storage materials, in terms of system design, cost, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. We find that the characteristics of Hydrogen storage play a major role in the design, cost, energy use, and CO_2 emissions of Hydrogen supply Infrastructure.
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The Hydrogen Infrastructure Transition Model (HIT) & Its Application in Optimizing a 50-year Hydrogen Infrastructure for Urban Beijing
2006Co-Authors: Zhenhong Lin, Joan M. Ogden, Yueyue Fan, Daniel SperlingAbstract:Beijing could be an attractive region to initiate a Hydrogen Infrastructure for transportation. Air quality is poor, oil imports are soaring, and there is a desire to introduce innovative responses for the 2008 Olympics. If Beijing were to proceed to build Hydrogen Infrastructure before and after 2008, how they might proceed has not been addressed empirically or theoretically. We introduce the Hydrogen Infrastructure Transition (HIT) model and apply it to urban Beijing. HIT is a dynamic programming model, which generates the spatial and temporal Infrastructure buildup decisions that minimize the net present value of capital and operating costs, carbon externalities, and refueling travel time disbenefits over time. HIT incorporates regionally specific spatial data to find optimal strategies for meeting an exogenously specified market penetration over time. Input assumptions can be varied to study how the optimal strategy depends on technological evolution, feedstock prices, carbon tax, and market penetration rate. We find that: 1) regional spatial features have a significant impact on cost; 2) faster market penetration could make a better business case because scale economies in production and delivery can be taken advantage of earlier; 3) internalization of carbon costs should keep pace with market penetration to avoid high GHG emissions from coal gasification plants without carbon capture technology; 4) a rate of return of 12% is possible for the base case for Hydrogen priced at $3.52/kg from 2010 through 2019, $2.17/kg from 2020 through 2059, and $1.51/kg from 2060 onward; and 5) free Hydrogen during the early stage could be a financially feasible solution to stimulate Hydrogen demand.
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The Hydrogen Infrastructure Transition (HIT) Model and Its Application in Optimizing a 50-year Hydrogen Infrastructure for Urban Beijing
2006Co-Authors: Zhenhong Lin, Joan M. Ogden, Yueyue Fan, Daniel SperlingAbstract:Beijing could be an attractive region to initiate a Hydrogen Infrastructure for transportation. Air quality is poor, oil imports are soaring, and there is a desire to introduce innovative responses for the 2008 Olympics. If Beijing were to proceed to build Hydrogen Infrastructure before and after 2008, how they might proceed has not been addressed empirically or theoretically. We introduce the Hydrogen Infrastructure Transition (HIT) model and apply it to urban Beijing. HIT is a dynamic programming model, which generates the spatial and temporal Infrastructure buildup decisions that minimize the net present value of capital and operating costs, carbon externalities, and refueling travel time disbenefits over time. HIT incorporates regionally specific spatial data to find optimal strategies for meeting an exogenously specified market penetration over time. Input assumptions can be varied to study how the optimal strategy depends on technological evolution, feedstock prices, carbon tax, and market penetration rate. We find that: 1) regional spatial features have a significant impact on cost; 2) faster market penetration could make a better business case because scale economies in production and delivery can be taken advantage of earlier; 3) internalization of carbon costs should keep pace with market penetration to avoid high GHG emissions from coal gasification plants without carbon capture technology; 4) a rate of return of 12% is possible for the base case for Hydrogen priced at $3.52/kg from 2010 through 2019, $2.17/kg from 2020 through 2059, and $1.51/kg from 2060 onward; and 5) free Hydrogen during the early stage could be a financially feasible solution to stimulate Hydrogen demand.
Il Moon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An index-based risk assessment model for Hydrogen Infrastructure
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Jiyong Kim, Young Hee Lee, Il MoonAbstract:This study focuses on the development of a risk assessment model associated with the safety of a Hydrogen Infrastructure system. The safety of Hydrogen Infrastructure is one of the crucial pre-requisites for a sustainable economy and accordingly, its design should be made based upon the performance to investigate and evaluate the risks from or out of the required Infrastructure. In order to support strategic decision-making for safe Hydrogen Infrastructure, this study proposes an appropriate index-based risk assessment model. The model evaluates the Hydrogen Infrastructure using the relative risk ranking of the Hydrogen activities such as Hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and the relative impact levels of regions. The relative risk rankings of the Hydrogen activities are rated a quantitative risk analysis, whereas the relative impact level of regions is rated based on the regional characteristics such as population density. With consideration of regional characteristics, the proposed model makes it possible not only to assess the risks of processes and technologies associated with Hydrogen but also to compare the relative safety levels of the Hydrogen Infrastructures made up with various Hydrogen activities. In order to show the features and capabilities of the model, four future Hydrogen Infrastructure scenarios in Korea are examined in the study. The result shows that distributed production, and mass storage and transportation via liquefied Hydrogen facility are relatively safer than centralized production, and compressed-gaseous Hydrogen storage and transportation, respectively.
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Strategic design of Hydrogen Infrastructure considering cost and safety using multiobjective optimization
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008Co-Authors: Jiyong Kim, Il MoonAbstract:This study presents a method for the design of a Hydrogen Infrastructure system including production, storage and transportation of Hydrogen. We developed a generic optimization-based model to support the decision-making process for the design of the Hydrogen supply chain. The network design problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem to identify the optimal supply chain configurations from various alternatives. The objective is to consider not only cost efficiency, but also safety. Since there is a trade-off between these two objectives, formal multiobjective optimization techniques are required to establish the optimal Pareto solutions that can then be used for decision-making purposes. With the model, the effects of demand uncertainty can be also analyzed by comparing the deterministic and the stochastic solutions. The features and capabilities of the model are illustrated through the application of future Hydrogen Infrastructure of Korea. The optimal Pareto solutions utilize both cost-oriented and safety-oriented strategies.
Arend De Groot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydrogen Infrastructure development in The Netherlands
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006Co-Authors: Ruben Smit, Marcel Weeda, Arend De GrootAbstract:Abstract Increasingly people think of how a Hydrogen energy supply system would look like, and how to build and end up at such a system. This paper presents the work on modelling and simulation of current ideas among Dutch Hydrogen stakeholders for a transition towards the widespread use of a Hydrogen energy. Based mainly on economic considerations, the ideas about a transition seem viable. It appears that following the introduction of Hydrogen in niche applications, the use of locally produced Hydrogen from natural gas in stationary and mobile applications can yield an economic advantage when compared to the conventional system, and can thus generate a demand for Hydrogen. The demand for Hydrogen can develop to such an extent that the construction of a large-scale Hydrogen pipeline Infrastructure for the transport and distribution of Hydrogen produced in large-scale production facilities becomes economically viable. In 2050, the economic viability of a large-scale Hydrogen pipeline Infrastructure spreads over 20–25 of the 40 regions in which The Netherlands is divided for modelling purposes. Investments in Hydrogen pipelines for a fully developed Hydrogen Infrastructure are estimated to be in the range of 12,000–20,000 million euros.
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development of european Hydrogen Infrastructure scenarios co2 reduction potential and Infrastructure investment
Energy Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Wietschel, Ulrike Hasenauer, Arend De GrootAbstract:For the introduction of a Hydrogen economy one of the most relevant questions is: what are the suitable feedstocks and production technologies for Hydrogen, which is a secondary energy carrier, taking into account the manifold objectives of Hydrogen introduction: the cost-effective substitution of oil, increasing the security of energy supply, and reducing CO2 and other emissions? This study focuses on constructing a Hydrogen Infrastructure in Europe by 2030. Several Hydrogen technologies and their integration into an Infrastructure system, including the production, transport and distribution of Hydrogen, are analysed on the basis of energy chain calculations and expert judgements and consistent scenarios are developed. It can be shown that under economic and CO2-reduction objectives, the steam reforming of gas, followed by coal gasification and, to a limited extent, the electrolysis of electricity from renewable energy carriers are the most promising Hydrogen production options in this first phase for developing a Hydrogen Infrastructure. These options result in a significant level of CO2-reduction. However, the total cost of the Infrastructure will account for 0.3% of EU-25 GDP in 2030. This shows the extent of the challenge involved in constructing a Hydrogen Infrastructure.
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Development of European Hydrogen Infrastructure scenarios—CO2 reduction potential and Infrastructure investment
Energy Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Martin Wietschel, Ulrike Hasenauer, Arend De GrootAbstract:For the introduction of a Hydrogen economy one of the most relevant questions is: what are the suitable feedstocks and production technologies for Hydrogen, which is a secondary energy carrier, taking into account the manifold objectives of Hydrogen introduction: the cost-effective substitution of oil, increasing the security of energy supply, and reducing CO2 and other emissions? This study focuses on constructing a Hydrogen Infrastructure in Europe by 2030. Several Hydrogen technologies and their integration into an Infrastructure system, including the production, transport and distribution of Hydrogen, are analysed on the basis of energy chain calculations and expert judgements and consistent scenarios are developed. It can be shown that under economic and CO2-reduction objectives, the steam reforming of gas, followed by coal gasification and, to a limited extent, the electrolysis of electricity from renewable energy carriers are the most promising Hydrogen production options in this first phase for developing a Hydrogen Infrastructure. These options result in a significant level of CO2-reduction. However, the total cost of the Infrastructure will account for 0.3% of EU-25 GDP in 2030. This shows the extent of the challenge involved in constructing a Hydrogen Infrastructure.
Lazaros G Papageorgiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy optimisation based framework for Hydrogen Infrastructure development
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Marta Morenobenito, Paolo Agnolucci, Lazaros G PapageorgiouAbstract:This work studies the development of a sustainable Hydrogen Infrastructure that supports the transition towards a low-carbon transport system in the United Kingdom (UK). The future Hydrogen demand is forecasted over time using a logistic diffusion model, which reaches 50% of the market share by 2070. The problem is solved using an extension of SHIPMod, an optimisation-based framework that consists of a multi-period spatially-explicit mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The optimisation model combines the Infrastructure elements required throughout the different phases of the transition, namely economies of scale, road and pipeline transportation modes and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, in order to minimise the present value of the total Infrastructure cost using a discounted cash-flow analysis. The results show that the combination of all these elements in the mathematical formulation renders optimal solutions with the gradual Infrastructure investments over time required for the transition towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy.
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towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy role of carbon price for achieving ghg emission targets
Computer-aided chemical engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Marta Morenobenito, Paolo Agnolucci, Will Mcdowall, Lazaros G PapageorgiouAbstract:Abstract This work studies the role of carbon price in the development of a sustainable Hydrogen Infrastructure that satisfies the concerted greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets in the United Kingdom (UK) for the next decades. In particular, the optimal design of a Hydrogen Infrastructure for the transport sector in the UK that leads a transition towards a sustainable Hydrogen economy is sought. The problem is solved with an optimisation-based framework consisting of a multi-period spatially-explicit mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The future Hydrogen demand is predicted according to a logistic diffusion model that reaches the 50% of the market share in 2070. Additionally, UK carbon price policies that penalise carbon emissions are incorporated into the economic objective function to be minimised, which consists of the total cost for constructing and operating the Infrastructure. By comparing the CO2 emissions obtained in the optimisation problem with the carbon budgets set by the UK Government to succeed in the 2050 European GHG emission directives, it is possible to determine the pertinence of carbon prices.
