The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Henry Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Why Hydrological Maze: The Hydropedological Trigger? Review of Experiments at Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory
Vadose Zone Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Gu Weizu, Henry Lin, Jiufu Liu, Jin Lin, Liu Hongwei, Aimin Liao, Wang Niu, Wen-zhon Wang, Ma Tao, Na YangAbstract:Hydrology is an old discipline due to its early origination, as well as a young discipline due to its insufficient scientific foundation as a natural science. Thus hydrology has long been haunted by a debate between natural functionalities found in observations vs. model results built on many simplified assumptions. We define the hydrological maze as puzzles, paradoxes, or complexity involved in hydrologic measurements and interpretations. The objective of this study was to reveal the hydrological maze through a comprehensive review of decades of work since the 1980s on observations and experiments using a combination of natural and artificial catchments at the Chuzhou Hydrology Laboratory in China, highlighting the role of Hydropedology in hillslope and catchment hydrology based on long-term monitoring of surface and subsurface flows at various soil depths and at different spatial scales. A conception has emerged that indicates the fundamental control of hydropedological factors (such as soil types, soil properties, and their spatial variations) as the trigger for the hydrological maze, including runoff generation, runoff composition, flow heterogeneity, and various hydrological puzzles. It is clear that the vadose zone is the key source for nonlinear and dissipative complexity in the hydrological maze that is intertwined with hydrochemical and hydroecological dynamics. Therein lies the hope for new hydrological insights and possible solutions to the hydrological maze.
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Frontiers in Hydropedology: Interdisciplinary Research from Soil Architecture to the Critical Zone
Vadose Zone Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Horst H. GerkeAbstract:This preface for the special section provides a brief background on Hydropedology as an emerging interdisciplinary science. The 10 articles included in this special section stem from presentations given at the third International Conference on Hydropedology held in August 2016 in Beijing, China, which highlighted the importance of soil architecture and preferential flow, soil moisture and hillslope hydrology, hydrologic flux and soil structure interactions at different scales, soil biophysical and biochemical complexity, and Critical Zone science.
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Hydropedology: Interactions between pedologic and hydrologic processes across spatiotemporal scales
Earth-Science Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Li Guo, Henry LinAbstract:Abstract Hydropedology is an emerging intertwined branch of soil science and hydrology that studies interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes and properties in the Earth's Critical Zone. It aims to bridge disciplines, scales, and data, connect soils with the landscape, link fast and slow processes, and integrate mapping with monitoring and modeling to provide a holistic understanding of the interactions between the pedosphere and the hydrosphere. This paper reviews major research findings in this field achieved in the past decade (mostly since 2012). A three-dimensional framework (spatial, temporal, and methodological) is used to synthesize recent hydropedological investigations over a broad range of spatiotemporal scales. In spatial dimension, soil architecture, ranging from the microscopic to the megascopic levels, exerts an important control on hydrologic processes and biogeochemical dynamics. In temporal dimension, both short-term soil functioning processes and long-term soil pedogenic processes are impacted by hydrologic processes, and vice versa. In methodological dimension, linking mapping with monitoring, modeling, and managing can accelerate integrated and sustainable use of soil and water resources. Three major challenges are identified for advancing the frontiers of Hydropedology, including 1) hierarchical framework for 3-D spatial scale bridging, 2) quantitive linkage for multiple temporal scales, and 3) comprehensive integration for methodological breakthrough. It is hoped that this review can stimulate continuous efforts in advancing Hydropedology and integrated soil and water sciences.
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Hydropedology: Synergistic integration of soil science and hydrology in the Critical Zone
Hydrological Processes, 2015Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Jeffrey J. Mcdonnell, John R. Nimmo, Yakov PachepskyAbstract:Soil and water are the two critical components of the Earth’s Critical Zone (Figure 1): Soil modulates the connection between bedrock and the atmospheric boundary layer and water is a major driving force and transport agent between these two zones. The interactions between soil andwater are so intimate and complex that they cannot be effectively studied in a piecemeal manner; they require a systems approach. In this spirit, Hydropedology has emerged in recent years as a synergistic integration of soil science and hydrology that offers a renewed perspective and an integrated approach to understanding interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes and their properties in the Critical Zone. This special issue grew out of a special session at the 2013 AGU Fall Meeting sponsored by the technical committee on Soil Systems and Critical Zone Processes that is jointly associated with the Hydrology and Biogeosciences Sections, with co-sponsorship from Earth and Planetary Surface Processes, Global Environmental Change, Near Surface Geophysics, and Nonlinear Geophysics. It was an occasion to celebrate the 10years of progress since the concept of Hydropedology was first proposed in 2003. This special session brought together many experts from multiple disciplines to exchange views and to discuss future outlooks. Six papers have been accepted into this special issue after peer-review. These papers highlight the field-based or model-based study of diverse topics such as preferential flow, hillslope hydrology, groundwater recharge, and the impacts soil structure, soil texture, and soil hydraulic parameters on hydrological modeling.
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Hydropedology: Linking Dynamic Soil Properties with Soil Survey Data
Application of Soil Physics in Environmental Analyses, 2014Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Weihua ZhangAbstract:Hydropedology is an intertwined branch of soil science and hydrology that provides a useful framework for connecting dynamics soil properties with soil survey data. Five categories of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are illustrated in this chapter for estimating soil organic carbon, bulk density, and Ksat based on (1) fundamental relationships, (2) essential soil variables, (3) class variables, (4) topo- or geo-rectifications, and (5) climate or land use adjustments. Some outlooks are then discussed for enhancing PTFs developments and applications, including some guidelines for developing a dynamic soil properties database alongside traditional soil survey database as well as hydropedoinformatics for integrated soil-landscape analysis.
Jan Boll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydropedology and surface subsurface runoff processes
Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Erin S. Brooks, P A Mcdaniel, Jan BollAbstract:The role of soils has long been recognized as critical to rainfall–runoff processes in watersheds. Hydropedology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates pedology, hydrology, geomorphology, and other related bio- and geosciences to study interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes and the landscape –soil–hydrology relationships across space and time. This article presents an overview of Hydropedology’s contributions to the understanding and modeling of surface/subsurface runoff processes, especially the diagnosis of soil features that can help answer “why-type” questions in watershed hydrology and the ubiquitous nature of preferential flow and its networks. We highlight two bottlenecks for advancing watershed hydrology and Hydropedology: a conceptual bottleneck of modeling subsurface preferential flow networks and a technological bottleneck of nondestructively mapping or imaging subsurface architecture. Quantification of “soil architecture” at various scales and the identification of “hydropedologic functional units” in different landscapes offer promising potentials to advance hydrologic modeling. We present the information of linking surface/subsurface runoff processes to pedologic understanding at three scales of microscopic (macropores and aggregates), mesoscopic (horizons and pedons), and macroscopic (hillslopes and catchments) levels. Various examples from the literature are synthesized to illustrate the key points. Further research needs are suggested in the end.
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Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences - Hydropedology and Surface/Subsurface Runoff Processes
Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Paul A. Mcdaniel, Erin S. Brooks, Jan BollAbstract:The role of soils has long been recognized as critical to rainfall–runoff processes in watersheds. Hydropedology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates pedology, hydrology, geomorphology, and other related bio- and geosciences to study interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes and the landscape –soil–hydrology relationships across space and time. This article presents an overview of Hydropedology’s contributions to the understanding and modeling of surface/subsurface runoff processes, especially the diagnosis of soil features that can help answer “why-type” questions in watershed hydrology and the ubiquitous nature of preferential flow and its networks. We highlight two bottlenecks for advancing watershed hydrology and Hydropedology: a conceptual bottleneck of modeling subsurface preferential flow networks and a technological bottleneck of nondestructively mapping or imaging subsurface architecture. Quantification of “soil architecture” at various scales and the identification of “hydropedologic functional units” in different landscapes offer promising potentials to advance hydrologic modeling. We present the information of linking surface/subsurface runoff processes to pedologic understanding at three scales of microscopic (macropores and aggregates), mesoscopic (horizons and pedons), and macroscopic (hillslopes and catchments) levels. Various examples from the literature are synthesized to illustrate the key points. Further research needs are suggested in the end.
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Linking fragipans, perched water tables, and catchment-scale hydrological processes
Catena, 2008Co-Authors: Paul A. Mcdaniel, A. L. Falen, Jan Boll, S. Barndt, S.k. Young, M.p. Regan, Erin S. Brooks, John E. HammelAbstract:Abstract Soils with very slowly permeable fragipans and fragipan-like argillic horizons are extensive throughout the Palouse Region of northern Idaho and eastern Washington, USA. These soils develop seasonal perched water tables (PWTs) under the xeric moisture regime of the region. The objective of this study was to utilize a Hydropedology approach to examine the linkages between fragipans, PWTs, and catchment-scale hydrological processes such as soil water storage, runoff, and lateral throughflow. A 1.7-ha catchment dominated by Fragixeralfs (Fragic Luvisols) was instrumented with 135 automated shallow wells to monitor PWTs. Soil water content was measured with water content reflectometry probes, and catchment outflow was measured with a flume. A 35 m × 18 m plot was isolated hydrologically from the surrounding hillslope using tile drains and plastic sheeting to measure perched water outflow. Results show that during the wet winter and spring months, the transition from unsaturated to saturated conditions is accompanied by changes in volumetric water storage of only 4–5%. PWT levels are at the surface of ∼ 26–45% of the catchment soils during periods of high rainfall and snowmelt, thereby generating saturation-excess surface runoff from hillslopes. Observed solute movement via subsurface flow is very rapid and ranges between 2.9 and 18.7 m d − 1 when PWTs are maintained in more-permeable Ap and Bw horizons. Subsurface lateral flow accounts for as much as 90% of the incident precipitation and snowmelt during early spring. Data indicate that the relatively shallow depth to the fragipans and high K sat in surface soil layers combine to create a very flashy hydrological system characterized by considerable temporal and spatial variation in patterns of saturation-excess runoff.
Xiaoyan Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Linking soil thickness and plot‐scale hydrological processes on the sloping lands in the Three Gorges Area of China: a hydropedological approach
Hydrological Processes, 2011Co-Authors: Chongfa Cai, Ying Zhao, Zhi-hua Shi, Xiaoyan WangAbstract:The emerging interdisciplinary field of Hydropedology promotes synergistic integration of pedology and hydrology to enhance the holistic study of soil–water interactions across space and time. Our study illustrated this integration, exemplifying from plot-scale hydrological processes investigations on the sloping lands with different soil thickness in the Three Gorges Area of China. Our aims were to deal with (i) the watershed scale soil thickness survey, soil profiles description and hydrological processes inferential analysis for the plots with typical soil thickness from the pedological perspective, and (ii) the identification of dominant hydrological processes of these plots based on hydrological monitoring under simulated rainfall (designed as 60 mm h−1) from the hydrological perspective. The main results can be summarised as follows: (i) soil thickness of the sloping lands exhibited a wide range of variability along hillslopes. Thin soils reflected weaker pedogenesis degrees and less intense human intervention as compared with thick soils. (ii) Deep percolation and subsurface flow were the dominant processes in thin soils, whereas in thick soils, surface flow, deep percolation and storage were the dominant processes. (iii) Regarding to the surface flow, the 23-cm plot was mainly in the form of saturated overland flow, whereas the other plots were Horton overland flow. As to the subsurface flow, both 23- and 31-cm plots mainly took the form of preferential flow, the 59- and 76-cm plots mainly in the form of matrix flow regardless of soil horizon and the 45-cm plot displayed mainly the matrix flow in the A horizon and mainly the preferential flow in the AC horizon. Our study suggested that, relative to its parent disciplines of both pedology and hydrology, Hydropedology improved synergies between pedology and hydrology in the plot-scale hydrological processes investigations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Soil thickness effect on hydrological and erosion characteristics under sloping lands: A hydropedological perspective
Geoderma, 2011Co-Authors: Chongfa Cai, Zhi-hua Shi, Xiaoyan WangAbstract:Abstract Soil thickness exerts a first-order control on the hydrological processes of the hillslopes. However, from a hydropedological perspective, the knowledge of soil thickness effect on hydrological and erosion characteristics under sloping lands is limited. Based on a comprehensive survey of an experimental watershed in the Three Gorges Area of China, five typical sloping land plots (2 m × 1 m) with different soil thickness were selected along a hillslope to investigate their hydrological processes and erosion response under three rainfall intensities (60, 90 and 120 mm h−1) using a portable rainfall simulator. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) The surface flow coefficient was increased with increasing soil thickness, especially under the event of 60 mm h−1. (2) The subsurface flow of the 23, 31 and 45 cm plots mainly took the form of preferential flow. Conversely, the 59 and 76 cm plots mainly took the form of matrix flow. (3) A prolonged low intensity rainfall is much more likely to facilitate deep percolation and subsurface flow than a short high intensity rainfall regardless of soil thickness. (4) Soil thickness and rock fragment cover were the most important factors than other soil properties in determining the hydrological and erosion behaviors. Thin soils showed higher infiltration capacity than thick soils due to their more distinct hydrological processes of subsurface flow and deep percolation. Rock fragment cover enhanced infiltration and served as a shield to protect the soil surface from detaching. Due to the synergies between thin soil thickness and high rock fragment cover, thin soils displayed significantly lower erosion rates than thick soils in all rainfall events, which increased from 211 g m−2 h−1 for the 23 cm plot with rainfall of 60 mm h−1 to 4220 g m−2 h−1 for the 76 cm plot with rainfall of 120 mm h−1. Our study suggested that the emerging interdisciplinary field of Hydropedology promotes synergistic integration of pedology (e.g. watershed scale soil thickness investigation and soil profile description) and hydrology (e.g. rainfall simulation, subsurface flow and deep percolation) to enhance the holistic study of soil–water interactions in the sloping lands with different soil thickness.
Erin S. Brooks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydropedology and surface subsurface runoff processes
Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Erin S. Brooks, P A Mcdaniel, Jan BollAbstract:The role of soils has long been recognized as critical to rainfall–runoff processes in watersheds. Hydropedology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates pedology, hydrology, geomorphology, and other related bio- and geosciences to study interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes and the landscape –soil–hydrology relationships across space and time. This article presents an overview of Hydropedology’s contributions to the understanding and modeling of surface/subsurface runoff processes, especially the diagnosis of soil features that can help answer “why-type” questions in watershed hydrology and the ubiquitous nature of preferential flow and its networks. We highlight two bottlenecks for advancing watershed hydrology and Hydropedology: a conceptual bottleneck of modeling subsurface preferential flow networks and a technological bottleneck of nondestructively mapping or imaging subsurface architecture. Quantification of “soil architecture” at various scales and the identification of “hydropedologic functional units” in different landscapes offer promising potentials to advance hydrologic modeling. We present the information of linking surface/subsurface runoff processes to pedologic understanding at three scales of microscopic (macropores and aggregates), mesoscopic (horizons and pedons), and macroscopic (hillslopes and catchments) levels. Various examples from the literature are synthesized to illustrate the key points. Further research needs are suggested in the end.
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Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences - Hydropedology and Surface/Subsurface Runoff Processes
Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences, 2008Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Paul A. Mcdaniel, Erin S. Brooks, Jan BollAbstract:The role of soils has long been recognized as critical to rainfall–runoff processes in watersheds. Hydropedology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that integrates pedology, hydrology, geomorphology, and other related bio- and geosciences to study interactive pedologic and hydrologic processes and the landscape –soil–hydrology relationships across space and time. This article presents an overview of Hydropedology’s contributions to the understanding and modeling of surface/subsurface runoff processes, especially the diagnosis of soil features that can help answer “why-type” questions in watershed hydrology and the ubiquitous nature of preferential flow and its networks. We highlight two bottlenecks for advancing watershed hydrology and Hydropedology: a conceptual bottleneck of modeling subsurface preferential flow networks and a technological bottleneck of nondestructively mapping or imaging subsurface architecture. Quantification of “soil architecture” at various scales and the identification of “hydropedologic functional units” in different landscapes offer promising potentials to advance hydrologic modeling. We present the information of linking surface/subsurface runoff processes to pedologic understanding at three scales of microscopic (macropores and aggregates), mesoscopic (horizons and pedons), and macroscopic (hillslopes and catchments) levels. Various examples from the literature are synthesized to illustrate the key points. Further research needs are suggested in the end.
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Linking fragipans, perched water tables, and catchment-scale hydrological processes
Catena, 2008Co-Authors: Paul A. Mcdaniel, A. L. Falen, Jan Boll, S. Barndt, S.k. Young, M.p. Regan, Erin S. Brooks, John E. HammelAbstract:Abstract Soils with very slowly permeable fragipans and fragipan-like argillic horizons are extensive throughout the Palouse Region of northern Idaho and eastern Washington, USA. These soils develop seasonal perched water tables (PWTs) under the xeric moisture regime of the region. The objective of this study was to utilize a Hydropedology approach to examine the linkages between fragipans, PWTs, and catchment-scale hydrological processes such as soil water storage, runoff, and lateral throughflow. A 1.7-ha catchment dominated by Fragixeralfs (Fragic Luvisols) was instrumented with 135 automated shallow wells to monitor PWTs. Soil water content was measured with water content reflectometry probes, and catchment outflow was measured with a flume. A 35 m × 18 m plot was isolated hydrologically from the surrounding hillslope using tile drains and plastic sheeting to measure perched water outflow. Results show that during the wet winter and spring months, the transition from unsaturated to saturated conditions is accompanied by changes in volumetric water storage of only 4–5%. PWT levels are at the surface of ∼ 26–45% of the catchment soils during periods of high rainfall and snowmelt, thereby generating saturation-excess surface runoff from hillslopes. Observed solute movement via subsurface flow is very rapid and ranges between 2.9 and 18.7 m d − 1 when PWTs are maintained in more-permeable Ap and Bw horizons. Subsurface lateral flow accounts for as much as 90% of the incident precipitation and snowmelt during early spring. Data indicate that the relatively shallow depth to the fragipans and high K sat in surface soil layers combine to create a very flashy hydrological system characterized by considerable temporal and spatial variation in patterns of saturation-excess runoff.
Sacha J. Mooney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Advancing the Emerging Field of Hydropedology First International Conference on Hydropedology; University Park, Pennsylvania, 28–31 July 2008
Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2008Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Kamini Singha, David J. Chittleborough, H. J. Vogel, Sacha J. MooneyAbstract:Both soil science and hydrology are at a critical threshold of exploring breakthroughs. Synergies are expected by bridging classical pedology with soil physics, hydrology, geomorphology, and other related bio- and geo-sciences to address complex soil and water interactions across spatiotemporal scales. Holistic study of the Earth's critical zone (i.e., the critical interface between the surficial solid Earth and its fluid envelopes, which ranges from the top of vegetation to the bottom of aquifers) demands interdisciplinary systems approaches to tackle a wide array of environmental, ecological, agricultural, geological, and natural resource issues of societal importance. In this spirit, and aiming to advance the emerging field of Hydropedology, the first international conference on Hydropedology was held at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) with the theme “Water and Soil: Key to Sustaining the Earth's Critical Zone.” The International Union of Soil Sciences' Working Group on Hydropedology organized this meeting, with main sponsorships from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative and Penn State.
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advancing the emerging field of Hydropedology first international conference on Hydropedology university park pennsylvania 28 31 july 2008
Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, 2008Co-Authors: Henry Lin, Kamini Singha, David J. Chittleborough, H. J. Vogel, Sacha J. MooneyAbstract:Both soil science and hydrology are at a critical threshold of exploring breakthroughs. Synergies are expected by bridging classical pedology with soil physics, hydrology, geomorphology, and other related bio- and geo-sciences to address complex soil and water interactions across spatiotemporal scales. Holistic study of the Earth's critical zone (i.e., the critical interface between the surficial solid Earth and its fluid envelopes, which ranges from the top of vegetation to the bottom of aquifers) demands interdisciplinary systems approaches to tackle a wide array of environmental, ecological, agricultural, geological, and natural resource issues of societal importance. In this spirit, and aiming to advance the emerging field of Hydropedology, the first international conference on Hydropedology was held at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) with the theme “Water and Soil: Key to Sustaining the Earth's Critical Zone.” The International Union of Soil Sciences' Working Group on Hydropedology organized this meeting, with main sponsorships from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative and Penn State.
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A morphological approach to understanding preferential flow using image analysis with dye tracers and X-ray Computed Tomography
CATENA, 2008Co-Authors: Sacha J. Mooney, Catherine MorrisAbstract:Abstract A key problem facing soil physics and Hydropedology at present is some of the standard theories of water flow in soils do not fully reflect the processes at the pore scale, and thus, cannot be adequately used for prediction. As such, examination of soil structure is vital for hydropedologists. Realisation that solutes move preferentially through soil into groundwaters has meant research in this area has increased in importance. This paper describes a multi-scale approach to analyse transport mechanisms using visualisation techniques. Chloride and Brilliant Blue tracers were applied to undisturbed soil cores to examine the physical and morphological properties associated with preferential flow in a range of soil types. Following collection of serial digital images, it was possible to examine and quantify the nature of active water flow mechanisms in terms of both dye-stained pathways and spatial distribution of dye concentration, using image analysis. Preferential flow linked to water potential and soil structural discontinuity was observed in all but the coarsest textured soil which conformed to uniform flow theory. A high level of variability in flow patterns was noted between the soil types. Such information as to how a soil dynamically re-wets is key for hydropedologists involved in applications such as pollution modelling. This is especially significant when considering a wetting mechanism, such as preferential flow, that cannot be adequately described by conventional soil physics.
