Icacinaceae

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Dario De Franceschi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the paris basin early eocene france local diversity and global biogeographic implications
    Geodiversitas, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The Icacinaceae family have an important fossil record, mainly in the Paleogene of North America and Europe. The importance of this family in the Paleogene of the Paris Basin has been investigated recently based on two assemblages, Le Quesnoy (Houdancourt) and Rivecourt (Oise), and here we treat the Icacinaceae from three additional early Eocene sites. The Passy site reveals the presence of a new species, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio & De Franceschi, sp. nov., unique in having 25-29 areoles with no freely ending ridgelets, small pores, and rounded ridges. Two other species described previously from the Paleocene of Rivecourt were also recorded. The Gres de Belleu site also includes the first occurrence of a Palaeophytocrene Reid & Chandler in the Paris Basin and an Iodes Blume specimen without precise assignment. Lastly, in the Premontre site only one endocarp locule cast belonging to Icacinicaryites Pigg, Manchester & DeVore was recorded and described. Using data from all five sites, the diversity of Icacinaceae in the Paris Basin is discussed and biogeographic scenarios are developed.

  • fossil record of the Icacinaceae and its paleogeographic implications
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the past decades, the concept of Icacinaceae has been refined greatly, as morphological and molecular data have led to a narrower circumscription of a monophyletic Icacinaceae family with only 23 genera (vs 58 sensu Sleumer, 1942 ). This family possesses an extensive fossil record, important to the biogeographic history of the Northern Hemisphere, but the reported fossils need to be carefully evaluated in the current phylogenetic framework. We evaluated 183 fossil reports of Icacinaceae from the literature but considered only 92 as reliably belonging to this family. Most of the accepted records are from endocarp remains. With this sampling, we show an increase of the species richness during the Paleocene. A great increase of diversity in terms of genera, species, and morphological range is shown through the PaleoceneEocene interval and during the Early Eocene (Ypresian). Exchanges occurred between North America and Europe near the PETM in both directions. During the middle and late Eocene, several of the modern genera appear first in the fossil record such as Natsiatum, Phytocrene, and Pyrenacantha. Decreased diversity of post-Eocene records might be explained by cooling during and subsequent to the Oligocene, which was less favorable to climbers. We observe the same pattern in other megathermal families showing the global dynamic of megathermal groups of the North Hemisphere forest (boreotropical sensu. Wolfe, 1975 ) during the Paleogene.

  • New species of Iodes fruits (Icacinaceae) from the early Eocene Le Quesnoy locality
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Gregory Stull, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The floristic diversity of the Le Quesnoy amber locality (Ypresian, Oise France) remains understudied. Icacinaceae Miers, particularly, require careful study, as they are the most abundant family in the site, with 185 nearly complete lignitic endocarps specimens and numerous fragments. In this paper, we recognise three species of Icacinaceae, two of which are new, that belong to the genus Iodes. Indeed, all Iodes species from this site have the following diagnostic characters: a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a reticulum of external ridges, and papillae on the surface of the locule. Iodes rigida sp. nov differs from the others in having a hole at the apex, a pattern of reticulation that delimits some areoles, an “I-Beam” ridge structure, and punctuated and heterogeneous sessile, rounded papillae. Iodes acuta sp. nov. is distinct from the others due to its unique apical outgrowth (composed of the main ridge that runs from the base up to the apex and a protuberance from the keel merged), a very thin wall, and sharp ridges. Therefore, these new species have a combination of new morpho-anatomical characters never observed before and not found in extant Iodes species. Despite some scarce differences, some specimens from Le Quesnoy are attributed to I. parva. Finally, several seeds are recognised as Icacinaceae without particular affinity. These seeds are elliptical in shape, lenticular in transverse section, and slightly asymmetrical to completely asymmetrical at the apex. A review of the Iodes fossil record is provided. The significance of endocarp ridge morphology is discussed in light of new fossils and extant data. These fossils show affinities with representatives from other Eocene sites of Europe and with the Thanetian Rivecourt site (Oise, France) and appear to have mixed affinities with the modern floras of Asia and Africa. Other studies on this remarkable site, focusing on additional taxonomic groups, are necessary to elucidate the relationship between Le Quesnoy and other floras from the past and the present.

  • new species of iodes fruits Icacinaceae from the early eocene le quesnoy locality oise france
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Gregory W. Stull, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The floristic diversity of the Le Quesnoy amber locality (Ypresian, Oise France) remains understudied. Icacinaceae Miers, particularly, require careful study, as they are the most abundant family in the site, with 185 nearly complete lignitic endocarps specimens and numerous fragments. In this paper, we recognise three species of Icacinaceae, two of which are new, that belong to the genus Iodes. Indeed, all Iodes species from this site have the following diagnostic characters: a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a reticulum of external ridges, and papillae on the surface of the locule. Iodes rigida sp. nov differs from the others in having a hole at the apex, a pattern of reticulation that delimits some areoles, an “I-Beam” ridge structure, and punctuated and heterogeneous sessile, rounded papillae. Iodes acuta sp. nov. is distinct from the others due to its unique apical outgrowth (composed of the main ridge that runs from the base up to the apex and a protuberance from the keel merged), a very thin wall, and sharp ridges. Therefore, these new species have a combination of new morpho-anatomical characters never observed before and not found in extant Iodes species. Despite some scarce differences, some specimens from Le Quesnoy are attributed to I. parva. Finally, several seeds are recognised as Icacinaceae without particular affinity. These seeds are elliptical in shape, lenticular in transverse section, and slightly asymmetrical to completely asymmetrical at the apex. A review of the Iodes fossil record is provided. The significance of endocarp ridge morphology is discussed in light of new fossils and extant data. These fossils show affinities with representatives from other Eocene sites of Europe and with the Thanetian Rivecourt site (Oise, France) and appear to have mixed affinities with the modern floras of Asia and Africa. Other studies on this remarkable site, focusing on additional taxonomic groups, are necessary to elucidate the relationship between Le Quesnoy and other floras from the past and the present.

  • an abnormally twinned fossil fruit of iodes blume Icacinaceae from rivecourt thanetian oise france
    Adansonia, 2019
    Co-Authors: Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The Rivecourt site (Thanetian from Oise, France) includes about 70 endocarp specimens distributed among five Iodes Blume species. Of the 36 specimens of Iodes rivecourtensis Del Rio, Thomas & De Franceschi one has an abnormal morphology. It is divided in two locules rather than one, and two apical apertures per face in contrast to normal specimen possessing only one per face. Icacinaceae Miers is a family with one carpel and two pendulous ovules where only one becomes mature. Here we have cases of two fused carpels, revealed by a wall between the twin lateral parts and by the four apertures, probably corresponding to the vascularisation of the four ovules. Finaly, we hypothesize that the two functional locules found here may correspond to a partial reversion of ancestral characters of the fruit.

Gregory W. Stull - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the fossil record of Icacinaceae in australia supports long standing palaeo antarctic rainforest connections in southern high latitudes
    Historical Biology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Andrew C Rozefelds, Gregory W. Stull, Peta Hayes, David R Greenwood
    Abstract:

    Fossil fruits of Icacinaceae are recorded from two Cenozoic sites in Australia, at Launceston in northern Tasmania and the Poole Creek palaeochannel in northern South Australia, representing the fi...

  • endocarps of pyrenacantha Icacinaceae from the early oligocene of egypt
    International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Gregory W. Stull, Cedric Del Rio, Steven R. Manchester, Bruce H Tiffney, Scott L Wing
    Abstract:

    Premise of research. The fossil record of Pyrenacantha (Phytocreneae tribe, Icacinaceae) includes well-documented species from the Paleogene of North and South America, but to date, no fossils have...

  • new species of iodes fruits Icacinaceae from the early eocene le quesnoy locality oise france
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Gregory W. Stull, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The floristic diversity of the Le Quesnoy amber locality (Ypresian, Oise France) remains understudied. Icacinaceae Miers, particularly, require careful study, as they are the most abundant family in the site, with 185 nearly complete lignitic endocarps specimens and numerous fragments. In this paper, we recognise three species of Icacinaceae, two of which are new, that belong to the genus Iodes. Indeed, all Iodes species from this site have the following diagnostic characters: a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a reticulum of external ridges, and papillae on the surface of the locule. Iodes rigida sp. nov differs from the others in having a hole at the apex, a pattern of reticulation that delimits some areoles, an “I-Beam” ridge structure, and punctuated and heterogeneous sessile, rounded papillae. Iodes acuta sp. nov. is distinct from the others due to its unique apical outgrowth (composed of the main ridge that runs from the base up to the apex and a protuberance from the keel merged), a very thin wall, and sharp ridges. Therefore, these new species have a combination of new morpho-anatomical characters never observed before and not found in extant Iodes species. Despite some scarce differences, some specimens from Le Quesnoy are attributed to I. parva. Finally, several seeds are recognised as Icacinaceae without particular affinity. These seeds are elliptical in shape, lenticular in transverse section, and slightly asymmetrical to completely asymmetrical at the apex. A review of the Iodes fossil record is provided. The significance of endocarp ridge morphology is discussed in light of new fossils and extant data. These fossils show affinities with representatives from other Eocene sites of Europe and with the Thanetian Rivecourt site (Oise, France) and appear to have mixed affinities with the modern floras of Asia and Africa. Other studies on this remarkable site, focusing on additional taxonomic groups, are necessary to elucidate the relationship between Le Quesnoy and other floras from the past and the present.

  • revision of Icacinaceae from the early eocene london clay flora based on x ray micro ct
    Botany, 2016
    Co-Authors: Gregory W. Stull, Neil F. Adams, Steven R. Manchester, Dan Sykes, Margaret E. Collinson
    Abstract:

    The Early Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation contains one of the most important fruit and seed assemblages from the Paleogene, including a large diversity of taxa (>350 spp.) preserved as pyrite permineralizations retaining 3D structure as well as anatomical detail. Despite the importance of the flora for understanding angiosperm biogeographic and evolutionary history, the majority of the fossil material has not been revisited since the original taxonomic treatments by E.M. Reid and M.E.J. Chandler. Given subsequent advances in our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny and fruit morphology, coupled with technological advances in imaging/visualizing fossil material, many of the taxa represented in the flora deserve further study. Here we present a revision of the pantropical family Icacinaceae using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of 21 species from the flora. Based on the results, four new combinations are made, a new fossil-genus is established for a distinctive species with affini...

  • CT scans of Icacinaceae fossils: Icacinicarya spp. 1
    2016
    Co-Authors: Gregory W. Stull, Neil F. Adams, Steven R. Manchester, Dan Sykes, Margaret E. Collinson
    Abstract:

    X-ray micro-CT scans of Icacinicarya spp. (Icacinaceae) from the Early Eocene London Clay flor

Steven R. Manchester - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Cedric Del Rio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • endocarps of pyrenacantha Icacinaceae from the early oligocene of egypt
    International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2020
    Co-Authors: Gregory W. Stull, Cedric Del Rio, Steven R. Manchester, Bruce H Tiffney, Scott L Wing
    Abstract:

    Premise of research. The fossil record of Pyrenacantha (Phytocreneae tribe, Icacinaceae) includes well-documented species from the Paleogene of North and South America, but to date, no fossils have...

  • Icacinaceae fossil fruits from three sites of the paris basin early eocene france local diversity and global biogeographic implications
    Geodiversitas, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The Icacinaceae family have an important fossil record, mainly in the Paleogene of North America and Europe. The importance of this family in the Paleogene of the Paris Basin has been investigated recently based on two assemblages, Le Quesnoy (Houdancourt) and Rivecourt (Oise), and here we treat the Icacinaceae from three additional early Eocene sites. The Passy site reveals the presence of a new species, Iodes passiciensis Del Rio & De Franceschi, sp. nov., unique in having 25-29 areoles with no freely ending ridgelets, small pores, and rounded ridges. Two other species described previously from the Paleocene of Rivecourt were also recorded. The Gres de Belleu site also includes the first occurrence of a Palaeophytocrene Reid & Chandler in the Paris Basin and an Iodes Blume specimen without precise assignment. Lastly, in the Premontre site only one endocarp locule cast belonging to Icacinicaryites Pigg, Manchester & DeVore was recorded and described. Using data from all five sites, the diversity of Icacinaceae in the Paris Basin is discussed and biogeographic scenarios are developed.

  • fossil record of the Icacinaceae and its paleogeographic implications
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    Abstract In the past decades, the concept of Icacinaceae has been refined greatly, as morphological and molecular data have led to a narrower circumscription of a monophyletic Icacinaceae family with only 23 genera (vs 58 sensu Sleumer, 1942 ). This family possesses an extensive fossil record, important to the biogeographic history of the Northern Hemisphere, but the reported fossils need to be carefully evaluated in the current phylogenetic framework. We evaluated 183 fossil reports of Icacinaceae from the literature but considered only 92 as reliably belonging to this family. Most of the accepted records are from endocarp remains. With this sampling, we show an increase of the species richness during the Paleocene. A great increase of diversity in terms of genera, species, and morphological range is shown through the PaleoceneEocene interval and during the Early Eocene (Ypresian). Exchanges occurred between North America and Europe near the PETM in both directions. During the middle and late Eocene, several of the modern genera appear first in the fossil record such as Natsiatum, Phytocrene, and Pyrenacantha. Decreased diversity of post-Eocene records might be explained by cooling during and subsequent to the Oligocene, which was less favorable to climbers. We observe the same pattern in other megathermal families showing the global dynamic of megathermal groups of the North Hemisphere forest (boreotropical sensu. Wolfe, 1975 ) during the Paleogene.

  • New species of Iodes fruits (Icacinaceae) from the early Eocene Le Quesnoy locality
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Gregory Stull, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The floristic diversity of the Le Quesnoy amber locality (Ypresian, Oise France) remains understudied. Icacinaceae Miers, particularly, require careful study, as they are the most abundant family in the site, with 185 nearly complete lignitic endocarps specimens and numerous fragments. In this paper, we recognise three species of Icacinaceae, two of which are new, that belong to the genus Iodes. Indeed, all Iodes species from this site have the following diagnostic characters: a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a reticulum of external ridges, and papillae on the surface of the locule. Iodes rigida sp. nov differs from the others in having a hole at the apex, a pattern of reticulation that delimits some areoles, an “I-Beam” ridge structure, and punctuated and heterogeneous sessile, rounded papillae. Iodes acuta sp. nov. is distinct from the others due to its unique apical outgrowth (composed of the main ridge that runs from the base up to the apex and a protuberance from the keel merged), a very thin wall, and sharp ridges. Therefore, these new species have a combination of new morpho-anatomical characters never observed before and not found in extant Iodes species. Despite some scarce differences, some specimens from Le Quesnoy are attributed to I. parva. Finally, several seeds are recognised as Icacinaceae without particular affinity. These seeds are elliptical in shape, lenticular in transverse section, and slightly asymmetrical to completely asymmetrical at the apex. A review of the Iodes fossil record is provided. The significance of endocarp ridge morphology is discussed in light of new fossils and extant data. These fossils show affinities with representatives from other Eocene sites of Europe and with the Thanetian Rivecourt site (Oise, France) and appear to have mixed affinities with the modern floras of Asia and Africa. Other studies on this remarkable site, focusing on additional taxonomic groups, are necessary to elucidate the relationship between Le Quesnoy and other floras from the past and the present.

  • new species of iodes fruits Icacinaceae from the early eocene le quesnoy locality oise france
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cedric Del Rio, Gregory W. Stull, Dario De Franceschi
    Abstract:

    The floristic diversity of the Le Quesnoy amber locality (Ypresian, Oise France) remains understudied. Icacinaceae Miers, particularly, require careful study, as they are the most abundant family in the site, with 185 nearly complete lignitic endocarps specimens and numerous fragments. In this paper, we recognise three species of Icacinaceae, two of which are new, that belong to the genus Iodes. Indeed, all Iodes species from this site have the following diagnostic characters: a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall, a reticulum of external ridges, and papillae on the surface of the locule. Iodes rigida sp. nov differs from the others in having a hole at the apex, a pattern of reticulation that delimits some areoles, an “I-Beam” ridge structure, and punctuated and heterogeneous sessile, rounded papillae. Iodes acuta sp. nov. is distinct from the others due to its unique apical outgrowth (composed of the main ridge that runs from the base up to the apex and a protuberance from the keel merged), a very thin wall, and sharp ridges. Therefore, these new species have a combination of new morpho-anatomical characters never observed before and not found in extant Iodes species. Despite some scarce differences, some specimens from Le Quesnoy are attributed to I. parva. Finally, several seeds are recognised as Icacinaceae without particular affinity. These seeds are elliptical in shape, lenticular in transverse section, and slightly asymmetrical to completely asymmetrical at the apex. A review of the Iodes fossil record is provided. The significance of endocarp ridge morphology is discussed in light of new fossils and extant data. These fossils show affinities with representatives from other Eocene sites of Europe and with the Thanetian Rivecourt site (Oise, France) and appear to have mixed affinities with the modern floras of Asia and Africa. Other studies on this remarkable site, focusing on additional taxonomic groups, are necessary to elucidate the relationship between Le Quesnoy and other floras from the past and the present.

Sarah E Allen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Icacinaceae from the eocene of western north america
    American Journal of Botany, 2015
    Co-Authors: Gregory W. Stull, Sarah E Allen, Steven R. Manchester
    Abstract:

    PREMISE OF THE STUDY The Icacinaceae are a pantropical family of trees, shrubs, and climbers with an extensive Paleogene fossil record. Our improved understanding of phylogenetic relationships within the family provides an excellent context for investigating new fossil fruit and leaf material from the Eocene of western North America. METHODS We examined fossils from early and middle Eocene sediments of western Wyoming, northeastern Utah, northwestern Colorado, and Oregon and compared them with extant species of Iodes and other icacinaceous genera as well as previously described fossils of the family. KEY RESULTS Three new fossil species are described, including two based on endocarps (Iodes occidentalis sp. nov. and Icacinicaryites lottii sp. nov.) and one based on leaves (Goweria bluerimensis sp. nov.). The co-occurrence of I. occidentalis and G. bluerimensis suggests these might represent detached organs of a single species. A new genus, Biceratocarpum, is also established for morphologically distinct fossil fruits of Icacinaceae previously placed in Carpolithus. Biceratocarpum brownii gen. et comb. nov. resembles the London Clay species "Iodes" corniculata in possessing a pair of subapical protrusions. CONCLUSIONS These fossils increase our knowledge of Icacinaceae in the Paleogene of North America and highlight the importance of the Northern Hemisphere in the early diversification of the family. They also document interchange with the Eocene flora of Europe and biogeographic connections with modern floras of Africa and Asia, where Icacinaceae are diverse today. The present-day restriction of this family to tropical regions offers ecological implications for the Eocene floras in which they occur.