Ichthyology

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Jason Phillips - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Paul H. Skelton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sir andrew smith his contributions and connections to freshwater Ichthyology in southern africa
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa, 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul H. Skelton
    Abstract:

    Sir Andrew Smith (1797–1875), a medical officer in the British Army, was posted to South Africa from 1821 to 1837. During that time, he founded the South African Museum and made many valuable scientific contributions to a range of disciplines; however, his contributions to the discovery of freshwater fishes have not been specifically discussed. Smith was the first to publish descriptions of southern African freshwater fishes in South Africa. He described seven new species in his famed publication of “Illustrations”, a significant step forward in the knowledge of southern African freshwater fishes at the time. This article explores the contributions made by Sir Andrew Smith to freshwater Ichthyology in South Africa.

  • Sir Andrew Smith – his contributions and connections to freshwater Ichthyology in southern Africa
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa, 2017
    Co-Authors: Paul H. Skelton
    Abstract:

    Sir Andrew Smith (1797–1875), a medical officer in the British Army, was posted to South Africa from 1821 to 1837. During that time, he founded the South African Museum and made many valuable scientific contributions to a range of disciplines; however, his contributions to the discovery of freshwater fishes have not been specifically discussed. Smith was the first to publish descriptions of southern African freshwater fishes in South Africa. He described seven new species in his famed publication of “Illustrations”, a significant step forward in the knowledge of southern African freshwater fishes at the time. This article explores the contributions made by Sir Andrew Smith to freshwater Ichthyology in South Africa.

  • walking the tightrope trends in african freshwater systematic Ichthyology
    Journal of Fish Biology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Paul H. Skelton, Ernst R Swartz
    Abstract:

    Africa is blessed with an abundance and rich diversity of freshwater fishes, reflecting its Gondwanan history and geographical position astride the equator. Africa is, however, relatively poorly serviced scientifically, in this respect presenting a challenge to the tension between conserving biodiversity and sustainable development. Biosystematics has experienced several paradigm shifts in the past half century, including the rise of cladistics and more recently the adoption of molecular DNA applications to taxonomy and phylogeny and the assembly and manipulation of large data sets in an era of major development of bioinformatics. The richness of African biodiversity is a magnet to the global systematic community that, to a degree, offsets the disadvantage of an impoverished indigenous scientific capacity. Conservation biology, however, is rooted more closely to the local situation and therefore requires indigenous taxonomic services that are inevitably scarce. Balancing this network of tensions between scientific knowledge generation and application is like walking a tightrope for existing African scientific resources, and to cope it is essential to embrace modern innovative approaches such as barcoding to identify organisms. This paper considers the historical development of African freshwater Ichthyology, presents a suite of recent examples illustrating trends in systematic Ichthyology in Africa and draws conclusions to suggest that both traditional and new-age approaches to taxonomy are necessary for a complete understanding and appreciation of African freshwater fish diversity and its conservation. The chosen examples also suggest that the tensions between the approaches can be effectively managed provided exponents work collaboratively. The emerging evidence indicates that the combined skills and insight of complex scientific teams including systematists, ecologists, molecular biologists and earth scientists are needed to resolve the deep complexity of evolution in terms of space, time and form.

  • synoptic overview of marine Ichthyology in south africa
    Marine and Freshwater Research, 2002
    Co-Authors: L E Beckley, Alexander P Hulley, Paul H. Skelton
    Abstract:

    The coast of South Africa is subject to a range of oceanographic conditions and habitats, and this translates into a wide diversity of fishes. Indigenous people knew of, and used, some of these fishes long before the arrival of explorers and naturalists from Europe, who subsequently described many of the species in the scientific literature. The appointment of J.D.F. Gilchrist as the marine biologist to the Cape Colony in 1895 started a tradition of Ichthyology in South Africa that was fostered by K.H. Barnard at the South African Museum. The discovery of the coelacanth in 1938 put South African Ichthyology firmly on the world map, and J.L.B. Smith produced the first edition of the remarkable volume Sea Fishes of Southern Africa in 1949. Subsequently, in 1986, with the assistance of numerous local and international contributors, M.M. Smith and P.H. Heemstra compiled Smiths' Sea Fishes, which documented >2000 species from the region. With the information in this volume as a basis, the coastal and shelf ichthyofauna of South Africa is examined at a biogeographic level. Diversity and endemism are discussed and complementarity analysis used to address the suitable location of marine protected areas to conserve the ichthyofauna of South Africa.

  • A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF FRESHWATER FISHES IN SOUTH AFRICA—THE PAST 50 YEARS
    Transactions of The Royal Society of South Africa, 1996
    Co-Authors: Paul H. Skelton
    Abstract:

    SUMMARY The history of systematic freshwater Ichthyology in South Africa is traced from its origins to the present but focussing on the past 50 years. In the 19th century freshwater fishes were described by European scientists and explorers. The first South African collections began around the turn of the 20th century with that in the South African Museum becoming the dominant collection over the next 50 years through the input and research of initially Dr John Gilchrist and later Dr Keppel Barnard. A fundamental shift in locus from Cape Town to Grahamstown occurred in the 1950s when Rex Jubb began to work at the Department of Ichthyology at Rhodes University, and, from 1961 at the Albany Museum. Freshwater fish taxonomy subsequently resumed at the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown. The first half of the past 50 years was also marked by the contributions of nature conservation and colonial fishery agents. From 1970 a new generation of trained ichthyologists, locally and abroad, assumed re...

Lester D Stephens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • john edwards holbrook 1794 1871 and his southern Ichthyology 1847 1848
    Archives of Natural History, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lester D Stephens
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT: John Edwards Holbrook (1794–1871), best known for North American herpetology, also published several ichthyological works. One of them, an obscure study entitled Southern Ichthyology, is important because with that effort Holbrook first demonstrated prowess in the study of fishes, providing a number of species accounts, including descriptions of two new species still considered valid. Because of its rarity and its nomenclatural significance, we furnish an analysis of Southern Ichthyology and comment on Holbrook and his other scientific contributions.

  • John Edwards Holbrook (1794–1871) and his Southern Ichthyology (1847–1848)
    Archives of Natural History, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lester D Stephens
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT: John Edwards Holbrook (1794–1871), best known for North American herpetology, also published several ichthyological works. One of them, an obscure study entitled Southern Ichthyology, is important because with that effort Holbrook first demonstrated prowess in the study of fishes, providing a number of species accounts, including descriptions of two new species still considered valid. Because of its rarity and its nomenclatural significance, we furnish an analysis of Southern Ichthyology and comment on Holbrook and his other scientific contributions.

Suzanne Teghtmeyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Daniel Pauly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • darwin s fishes an encyclopedia of Ichthyology ecology and evolution
    2004
    Co-Authors: Daniel Pauly
    Abstract:

    List of figures Foreword J. S. Nelson Preface and acknowledgements Conventions used in the text Darwin and Ichthyology Darwin's fishes: a dry run Entries (A to ZZZ) Appendix I. Fish in spirits of wine Jacqueline McGlade Appendix II. Fish of the Beagle in the BMNH Appendix III. Checklist of fish specimens, identified as collected by Charles Darwin on the Beagle voyage, that ought to be present in the collections of the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge Adrian Friday Bibliography Index to the fishes.

  • charles darwin Ichthyology and the species concept
    Fish and Fisheries, 2002
    Co-Authors: Daniel Pauly
    Abstract:

    This contribution presents the ichthyological writings of Charles Darwin (1809^1882), by periods, viz.‘the years prior to the voyage of the Beagle’ (about1825^1830);‘the Beagle years’ (1831^1836); ‘from the return of the Beagle to the Foundation of Origin’ (1837^ 1844); and‘the mature Darwin’ (1845^1882). Overall, this material covers 45 000 words penned by Darwin, but represents only 0.7% of his lifetime output of about 6 million words, indicating a limited interest in ¢sh. However, this sample, brie£y described here, but analysed in great detail in a forthcoming volume on Darwin’s Fishes, allows drawing inferences on Darwin’s working style that were missed in conventional biographies. On the other hand, it is suggested, based on a close reading of the 6 th (1876) edition of Origin, that Darwin was not particularly interested in the theoretical issues now associated with the species concept, nor indeed with other levels of the Linnean

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