The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Eric Sattler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formulation of Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with jet propellant 8 (JP-8) for use in military equipment. However, Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31. The proper use of such alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs) requires the modification in control strategies to operate engines efficiently. With computational cycle simulation coupled with surrogate fuel mechanism, the engine development process is proved to be very effective. Therefore, a methodology to formulate Sasol IPK surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality tester (IQT) is developed. An in-house developed matlab code is used to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, also known as surrogate fuel. And aspen hysys is used to emulate the distillation curve of the surrogate fuels. The properties of the surrogate fuels are compared to those of the target Sasol IPK fuel. The DCNs of surrogate fuels are measured in the IQT and compared with the target Sasol IPK fuel at the standard condition. Furthermore, the Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release (RHR) of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuels are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. In addition, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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Formulation of Sasol IPK Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)
ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 2016Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:This paper presents an approach to develop Sasol IPK (Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene) surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The methodology includes: 1) in-house developed MATLAB code to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, 2) Aspen HYSYS to develop the distillation curve and compares it to the target Sasol IPK fuel, 3) IQT to measure the derived cetane number (DCN) of surrogate fuels and compare it with the target Sasol IPK fuel, 4) analysis of autoIgnition and combustion characteristics for Sasol IPK surrogate fuels. The Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuel are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. Furthermore, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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An Investigation on Sensitivity of Ignition Delay and Activation Energy in Diesel Combustion
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015Co-Authors: Umashankar Joshi, Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Amit Shrestha, Eric SattlerAbstract:The auto-Ignition process plays a major role in the combustion, performance, fuel economy and emission in diesel engines. The auto-Ignition Quality of different fuels has been rated by its cetane number (CN) determined in the CFR engine, according to ASTM D613. More recently, the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), a constant volume vessel, has been used to determine the derived cetane number (DCN) to avoid the elaborate, time consuming and costly engine tests, according to ASTM D6890. The Ignition delay period in these two standard tests and many investigations has been considered to be the time period between start of injection (SOI) and start of combustion (SOC). The Ignition delay (ID) values determined in different investigations can vary due to differences in instrumentation and definitions. This paper examines the different definitions and the parameters that effect ID period. In addition the activation energy dependence on the ID definition is investigated. Furthermore, results of an experimental investigation in a single-cylinder research diesel engine will be presented while the charge density is kept constant during the ID period. The global activation energy is determined and its sensitivity to the charge temperature is examined.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
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Effect of Cetane Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coal-Derived Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Umashankar Joshi, N Henein, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with JP-8 for use in military ground vehicles. Since Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31, there is a need to improve its Ignition Quality. This paper investigates the effect of adding different amounts of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver to Sasol IPK on increasing its DCN. The experimental investigation was conducted in a single cylinder research type diesel engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail injection system and an open engine control unit. Experiments covered different injection pressures and intake air temperatures. Analysis of test results was made to determine the effect of cetane improver percentage in the coal-derived Sasol IPK blend on auto-Ignition, combustion and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). In addition, the effect of cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global auto-Ignition reactions was determined.
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Effect of Cetane Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coal-Derived Sasol IPK in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion; Emissions Control Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Umashankar Joshi, Naeim A. Henein, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol IPK is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with JP-8 for use in military ground vehicles. Since Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 31, there is a need to improve its Ignition Quality. This paper investigates the effect of adding different amounts of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver to Sasol IPK on increasing its DCN. The experimental investigation was conducted in a single-cylinder research type diesel engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail injection system and an open Engine Control Unit (ECU). Experiments covered different injection pressures and intake air temperatures. Analysis of test results was made to determine the effect of cetane improver percentage in the coal-derived Sasol IPK blend on autoIgnition, combustion and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). In addition, the effect of cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global autoIgnition reactions was determined.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Ziliang Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formulation of Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with jet propellant 8 (JP-8) for use in military equipment. However, Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31. The proper use of such alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs) requires the modification in control strategies to operate engines efficiently. With computational cycle simulation coupled with surrogate fuel mechanism, the engine development process is proved to be very effective. Therefore, a methodology to formulate Sasol IPK surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality tester (IQT) is developed. An in-house developed matlab code is used to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, also known as surrogate fuel. And aspen hysys is used to emulate the distillation curve of the surrogate fuels. The properties of the surrogate fuels are compared to those of the target Sasol IPK fuel. The DCNs of surrogate fuels are measured in the IQT and compared with the target Sasol IPK fuel at the standard condition. Furthermore, the Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release (RHR) of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuels are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. In addition, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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Formulation of Sasol IPK Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)
ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 2016Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:This paper presents an approach to develop Sasol IPK (Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene) surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The methodology includes: 1) in-house developed MATLAB code to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, 2) Aspen HYSYS to develop the distillation curve and compares it to the target Sasol IPK fuel, 3) IQT to measure the derived cetane number (DCN) of surrogate fuels and compare it with the target Sasol IPK fuel, 4) analysis of autoIgnition and combustion characteristics for Sasol IPK surrogate fuels. The Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuel are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. Furthermore, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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An Investigation on Sensitivity of Ignition Delay and Activation Energy in Diesel Combustion
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015Co-Authors: Umashankar Joshi, Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Amit Shrestha, Eric SattlerAbstract:The auto-Ignition process plays a major role in the combustion, performance, fuel economy and emission in diesel engines. The auto-Ignition Quality of different fuels has been rated by its cetane number (CN) determined in the CFR engine, according to ASTM D613. More recently, the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), a constant volume vessel, has been used to determine the derived cetane number (DCN) to avoid the elaborate, time consuming and costly engine tests, according to ASTM D6890. The Ignition delay period in these two standard tests and many investigations has been considered to be the time period between start of injection (SOI) and start of combustion (SOC). The Ignition delay (ID) values determined in different investigations can vary due to differences in instrumentation and definitions. This paper examines the different definitions and the parameters that effect ID period. In addition the activation energy dependence on the ID definition is investigated. Furthermore, results of an experimental investigation in a single-cylinder research diesel engine will be presented while the charge density is kept constant during the ID period. The global activation energy is determined and its sensitivity to the charge temperature is examined.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
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Effect of Cetane Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coal-Derived Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Umashankar Joshi, N Henein, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with JP-8 for use in military ground vehicles. Since Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31, there is a need to improve its Ignition Quality. This paper investigates the effect of adding different amounts of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver to Sasol IPK on increasing its DCN. The experimental investigation was conducted in a single cylinder research type diesel engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail injection system and an open engine control unit. Experiments covered different injection pressures and intake air temperatures. Analysis of test results was made to determine the effect of cetane improver percentage in the coal-derived Sasol IPK blend on auto-Ignition, combustion and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). In addition, the effect of cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global auto-Ignition reactions was determined.
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Effect of Cetane Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coal-Derived Sasol IPK in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion; Emissions Control Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Umashankar Joshi, Naeim A. Henein, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol IPK is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with JP-8 for use in military ground vehicles. Since Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 31, there is a need to improve its Ignition Quality. This paper investigates the effect of adding different amounts of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver to Sasol IPK on increasing its DCN. The experimental investigation was conducted in a single-cylinder research type diesel engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail injection system and an open Engine Control Unit (ECU). Experiments covered different injection pressures and intake air temperatures. Analysis of test results was made to determine the effect of cetane improver percentage in the coal-derived Sasol IPK blend on autoIgnition, combustion and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). In addition, the effect of cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global autoIgnition reactions was determined.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Naeim A. Henein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A 3-COMPONENT SURROGATE FOR SASOL-IPK IN SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE AND IQT
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2018Co-Authors: Samy A. Alkhayat, Naeim A. Henein, Manan Trivedi, Sampad Mukhopadhyay, Peter SchihlAbstract:Surrogates development is important to extensively investigate the combustion behavior of fuels. Development of comprehensive surrogates has been focusing on matching chemical and physical properties of their target fuel to mimic its atomization, evaporation, mixing, and auto-Ignition behavior. More focus has been given to matching the derived cetane number (DCN) as a measure of the auto-Ignition Quality. In this investigation, we carried out experimental validation of a three-component surrogate for Sasol-Isoparaffinic Kerosene (IPK) in Ignition Quality tester (IQT) and in an actual diesel engine. The surrogate fuel is composed of three components (46% iso-cetane, 44% decalin, and 10% n-nonane on a volume basis). The IQT experiments were conducted as per ASTM D6890-10a. The engine experiments were conducted at 1500 rpm, two engine loads, and two injection timings. Analysis of Ignition delay (ID), peak pressure, peak rate of heat release (RHR), and other combustion phasing parameters showed a closer match in the IQT than in the diesel engine. Comparison between the surrogate combustion behavior in the diesel engine and IQT revealed that matching the DCN of the surrogate to its respective target fuel did not result in the same negative temperature coefficient (NTC) profile—which led to unmatched combustion characteristics in the high temperature combustion (HTC) regimes, despite the same auto-Ignition and low temperature combustion (LTC) profiles. Moreover, a comparison between the combustion behaviors of the two fuels in the IQT is not consistent with the comparison in the diesel engine, which suggests that the surrogate validation in a single-cylinder diesel engine should be part of the surrogate development methodology, particularly for low Ignition Quality fuels.
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Formulation of Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with jet propellant 8 (JP-8) for use in military equipment. However, Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31. The proper use of such alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs) requires the modification in control strategies to operate engines efficiently. With computational cycle simulation coupled with surrogate fuel mechanism, the engine development process is proved to be very effective. Therefore, a methodology to formulate Sasol IPK surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality tester (IQT) is developed. An in-house developed matlab code is used to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, also known as surrogate fuel. And aspen hysys is used to emulate the distillation curve of the surrogate fuels. The properties of the surrogate fuels are compared to those of the target Sasol IPK fuel. The DCNs of surrogate fuels are measured in the IQT and compared with the target Sasol IPK fuel at the standard condition. Furthermore, the Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release (RHR) of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuels are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. In addition, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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Formulation of Sasol IPK Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)
ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 2016Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:This paper presents an approach to develop Sasol IPK (Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene) surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The methodology includes: 1) in-house developed MATLAB code to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, 2) Aspen HYSYS to develop the distillation curve and compares it to the target Sasol IPK fuel, 3) IQT to measure the derived cetane number (DCN) of surrogate fuels and compare it with the target Sasol IPK fuel, 4) analysis of autoIgnition and combustion characteristics for Sasol IPK surrogate fuels. The Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuel are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. Furthermore, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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An Investigation on Sensitivity of Ignition Delay and Activation Energy in Diesel Combustion
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015Co-Authors: Umashankar Joshi, Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Amit Shrestha, Eric SattlerAbstract:The auto-Ignition process plays a major role in the combustion, performance, fuel economy and emission in diesel engines. The auto-Ignition Quality of different fuels has been rated by its cetane number (CN) determined in the CFR engine, according to ASTM D613. More recently, the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), a constant volume vessel, has been used to determine the derived cetane number (DCN) to avoid the elaborate, time consuming and costly engine tests, according to ASTM D6890. The Ignition delay period in these two standard tests and many investigations has been considered to be the time period between start of injection (SOI) and start of combustion (SOC). The Ignition delay (ID) values determined in different investigations can vary due to differences in instrumentation and definitions. This paper examines the different definitions and the parameters that effect ID period. In addition the activation energy dependence on the ID definition is investigated. Furthermore, results of an experimental investigation in a single-cylinder research diesel engine will be presented while the charge density is kept constant during the ID period. The global activation energy is determined and its sensitivity to the charge temperature is examined.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
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Effect of Cetane Improver on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Coal-Derived Sasol IPK in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion; Emissions Control Systems, 2014Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Umashankar Joshi, Naeim A. Henein, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol IPK is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with JP-8 for use in military ground vehicles. Since Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 31, there is a need to improve its Ignition Quality. This paper investigates the effect of adding different amounts of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver to Sasol IPK on increasing its DCN. The experimental investigation was conducted in a single-cylinder research type diesel engine. The engine is equipped with a common rail injection system and an open Engine Control Unit (ECU). Experiments covered different injection pressures and intake air temperatures. Analysis of test results was made to determine the effect of cetane improver percentage in the coal-derived Sasol IPK blend on autoIgnition, combustion and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). In addition, the effect of cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global autoIgnition reactions was determined.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Peter Schihl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A 3-COMPONENT SURROGATE FOR SASOL-IPK IN SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE AND IQT
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2018Co-Authors: Samy A. Alkhayat, Naeim A. Henein, Manan Trivedi, Sampad Mukhopadhyay, Peter SchihlAbstract:Surrogates development is important to extensively investigate the combustion behavior of fuels. Development of comprehensive surrogates has been focusing on matching chemical and physical properties of their target fuel to mimic its atomization, evaporation, mixing, and auto-Ignition behavior. More focus has been given to matching the derived cetane number (DCN) as a measure of the auto-Ignition Quality. In this investigation, we carried out experimental validation of a three-component surrogate for Sasol-Isoparaffinic Kerosene (IPK) in Ignition Quality tester (IQT) and in an actual diesel engine. The surrogate fuel is composed of three components (46% iso-cetane, 44% decalin, and 10% n-nonane on a volume basis). The IQT experiments were conducted as per ASTM D6890-10a. The engine experiments were conducted at 1500 rpm, two engine loads, and two injection timings. Analysis of Ignition delay (ID), peak pressure, peak rate of heat release (RHR), and other combustion phasing parameters showed a closer match in the IQT than in the diesel engine. Comparison between the surrogate combustion behavior in the diesel engine and IQT revealed that matching the DCN of the surrogate to its respective target fuel did not result in the same negative temperature coefficient (NTC) profile—which led to unmatched combustion characteristics in the high temperature combustion (HTC) regimes, despite the same auto-Ignition and low temperature combustion (LTC) profiles. Moreover, a comparison between the combustion behaviors of the two fuels in the IQT is not consistent with the comparison in the diesel engine, which suggests that the surrogate validation in a single-cylinder diesel engine should be part of the surrogate development methodology, particularly for low Ignition Quality fuels.
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Formulation of Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with jet propellant 8 (JP-8) for use in military equipment. However, Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31. The proper use of such alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs) requires the modification in control strategies to operate engines efficiently. With computational cycle simulation coupled with surrogate fuel mechanism, the engine development process is proved to be very effective. Therefore, a methodology to formulate Sasol IPK surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality tester (IQT) is developed. An in-house developed matlab code is used to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, also known as surrogate fuel. And aspen hysys is used to emulate the distillation curve of the surrogate fuels. The properties of the surrogate fuels are compared to those of the target Sasol IPK fuel. The DCNs of surrogate fuels are measured in the IQT and compared with the target Sasol IPK fuel at the standard condition. Furthermore, the Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release (RHR) of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuels are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. In addition, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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Formulation of Sasol IPK Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)
ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 2016Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:This paper presents an approach to develop Sasol IPK (Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene) surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The methodology includes: 1) in-house developed MATLAB code to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, 2) Aspen HYSYS to develop the distillation curve and compares it to the target Sasol IPK fuel, 3) IQT to measure the derived cetane number (DCN) of surrogate fuels and compare it with the target Sasol IPK fuel, 4) analysis of autoIgnition and combustion characteristics for Sasol IPK surrogate fuels. The Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuel are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. Furthermore, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
Tamer Badawy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Formulation of Sasol Isomerized Paraffinic Kerosene Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2017Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:Sasol isomerized paraffinic kerosene (IPK) is a coal-derived synthetic fuel under consideration as a blending stock with jet propellant 8 (JP-8) for use in military equipment. However, Sasol IPK is a low Ignition Quality fuel with derived cetane number (DCN) of 31. The proper use of such alternative fuels in internal combustion engines (ICEs) requires the modification in control strategies to operate engines efficiently. With computational cycle simulation coupled with surrogate fuel mechanism, the engine development process is proved to be very effective. Therefore, a methodology to formulate Sasol IPK surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality tester (IQT) is developed. An in-house developed matlab code is used to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, also known as surrogate fuel. And aspen hysys is used to emulate the distillation curve of the surrogate fuels. The properties of the surrogate fuels are compared to those of the target Sasol IPK fuel. The DCNs of surrogate fuels are measured in the IQT and compared with the target Sasol IPK fuel at the standard condition. Furthermore, the Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release (RHR) of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuels are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. In addition, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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Formulation of Sasol IPK Surrogate Fuel for Diesel Engine Application Using an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)
ASME 2016 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 2016Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Peter Schihl, Eric SattlerAbstract:This paper presents an approach to develop Sasol IPK (Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene) surrogate fuels for diesel engine application using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The methodology includes: 1) in-house developed MATLAB code to formulate the appropriate mixture blends, 2) Aspen HYSYS to develop the distillation curve and compares it to the target Sasol IPK fuel, 3) IQT to measure the derived cetane number (DCN) of surrogate fuels and compare it with the target Sasol IPK fuel, 4) analysis of autoIgnition and combustion characteristics for Sasol IPK surrogate fuels. The Ignition delay, combustion gas pressure, and rate of heat release of Sasol IPK and its formulated surrogate fuel are analyzed and compared at five different charge temperatures. Furthermore, the apparent activation energies derived from chemical Ignition delay of the surrogate fuel and Sasol IPK are determined and compared.
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Effect of Cetane Improver on AutoIgnition Characteristics of Low Cetane Sasol IPK Using Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2014Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Eric Sattler, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Nicholas JohnsonAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of a cetane improver on the autoIgnition characteristics of Sasol IPK in the combustion chamber of the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The fuel tested was Sasol IPK with a Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 31, treated with different percentages of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver ranging from 0.1% to 0.4%. Tests were conducted under steady state conditions at a constant charging pressure of 21 bar. The charge air temperature before fuel injection varied from 778 to 848 K. Accordingly, all the tests were conducted under a constant charge density. The rate of heat release was calculated and analyzed in details, particularly during the autoIgnition period.In addition, the physical and chemical delay periods were determined by comparing the results of two tests. The first was conducted with fuel injection into air according to ASTM standards where combustion occurred. In the second test, the fuel was injected into the chamber charged with nitrogen. The physical delay is defined as the period of time from start of injection (SOI) to point of inflection (POI), and the chemical delay is defined as the period of time from POI to start of combustion (SOC). Both the physical and chemical delay periods were determined under different charge temperatures. The cetane improver was found to have an effect only on the chemical ID period. In addition, the effect of the cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global combustion reactions was determined. The results showed a linear drop in the apparent activation energy with the increase in the percentage of the cetane improver. Moreover, the low temperature (LT) regimes were investigated and found to be presented in base fuel, as well as cetane improver treated fuels.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
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Effect of Cetane Improver on AutoIgnition Characteristics of Low Cetane Sasol IPK Using Ignition Quality Tester (IQT)
Volume 2: Fuels; Numerical Simulation; Engine Design Lubrication and Applications, 2013Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Eric Sattler, Tamer Badawy, Naeim Henein, Nicholas JohnsonAbstract:This paper investigates the effect of a cetane improver on the autoIgnition characteristics of Sasol IPK in the combustion chamber of the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). The fuel tested was Sasol IPK with a Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 31, treated with different percentages of Lubrizol 8090 cetane improver ranging from 0.1% to 0.4%. Tests were conducted under steady state conditions at a constant charging pressure of 21 bar. The charge air temperature before fuel injection varied from 778 to 848 K. Accordingly, all the tests were conducted under a constant charge density. The rate of heat release was calculated and analyzed in details, particularly during the autoIgnition period. In addition, the physical and chemical delay periods were determined by comparing the results of two tests. The first was conducted with fuel injection into air according to ASTM standards where combustion occurred. In the second test, the fuel was injected into the chamber charged with nitrogen. The physical delay is defined as the period of time from start of injection (SOI) to point of inflection (POI), and the chemical delay is defined as the period of time from POI to start of combustion (SOC). Both the physical and chemical delay periods were determined under different charge temperatures. The cetane improver was found to have an effect only on the chemical ID period. In addition, the effect of the cetane improver on the apparent activation energy of the global combustion reactions was determined. The results showed a linear drop in the apparent activation energy with the increase in the percentage of the cetane improver. Moreover, the low temperature (LT) regimes were investigated and found to be presented in base fuel, as well as cetane improver treated fuels.
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Investigation of Physical and Chemical Delay Periods of Different Fuels in the Ignition Quality Tester
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2013Co-Authors: Ziliang Zheng, Naeim A. Henein, Tamer Badawy, Eric SattlerAbstract:Abstract : This paper investigates the physical and chemical Ignition delay (ID) periods in the constant volume combustion chamber of the Ignition Quality Tester (IQT). IQT was used to determine the Derived Cetane Number (DCN) according to ASTM D6890-10a standards. The fuels tested were ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD), jet propellant-8 (JP-8), two synthetic fuels of Sasol IPK and F-T SPK (S-8). A comparison was made between the DCN and cetane number (CN) determined according to ASTM-D613 standards. Tests were conducted under steady state conditions at a constant pressure of 21 bar, and various air temperatures ranging from 778 K to 848 K. The rate of heat release (RHR) was calculated from the measured pressure trace and a detailed analysis of the RHR trace was made particularly for the autoIgnition process. Tests were conducted to determine the physical and chemical delay periods by comparing results obtained from two tests. In the first test, the fuel was injected into air according to ASTM standards. In the second test, the fuel was injected into nitrogen. The point at which the two resultant pressure traces separated was considered to be the end of the physical delay period. The effects of the charge temperature on the total ID as defined in ASTM D6890-10a standards, as well as on the physical and chemical delays were determined. It was noticed that the physical delay represented a significant part of the total ID over all the air temperatures covered in this investigation. Arrhenius plots were developed to determine the apparent activation energy for each fuel using different IDs. The first was based on the total ID measured according to ASTM standards. The second was the chemical delay determined in this investigation. The activation energy calculated from the total ID showed higher values for lower CN fuels except Sasol IPK.
