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Golianovsky Oleg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reproductive tract microbiocenosis status in women with Imminent Abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy: a descriptive, case-series study
Revista de Științe ale Sănătății din Moldova = Moldovan Journal of Health Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Romanenko Iryna, Golianovsky OlegAbstract:Centrul Ucrainian Ştiinţifico-Practic de Chirurgie Endocrină, Transplant de Organe şi Ţesuturi Endocrine al Ministerului Sănătăţii al Ucrainei, Kiev, Ucraina, Departamentul de obstetrică şi ginecologie nr. 1, Academia Medicală Naţională de Educaţie Postuniversitară, Shuryk, Kiev, UcrainaRezumat Introducere. Iminenţa de avort este cea mai frecventă complicaţie a sarcinii, care apare în 15-20% din cazurile de sarcină şi este asociată cu naşterea prematură, greutatea scăzută la naştere, preeclampsia, ruperea prematură a membranelor şi decolarea placentei. Potrivit cercetătorilor, dereglările microbiocenozei la gravide conduc spre o evoluţie complicată a sarcinii, naşterii şi perioadei postpartum, precum şi la dezvoltarea proceselor infecţioase şi inflamatorii la mamă şi făt. Scopul cercetării a fost studiul stării microbiocenozei tractului genital la femeile însărcinate cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru, pentru a îmbunătăţi tratamentul şi profilaxia şi pentru a preveni complicaţiile obstetricale şi perinatale la astfel de femei. Material şi metode. Au fost examinate 24 de femei în primul trimestru de sarcină, care au fost spitalizate pentru iminenţă de avort în spitalele din regiunea Luhansk, Ucraina. A fost efectuat un examen clinic şi de laborator cuprinzător. Biocenoza vaginală a fost evaluată, folosind metoda bacterioscopică şi reacţia de polimerizare în lanţ (sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen) în timp real. Rezultate. Cinci femei (20,83%) au acuzat eliminări patologice din tractului genital, 1 (4,17%) femeie a acuzat senzaţii de mâncărime şi arsură, iar 4 (16,67%) paciente nu prezentau acuze, dar au observat că numărul secreţiilor din tractul genital a crescut uşor în timpul sarcinii. Au fost observate manifestări clinice ale unei dereglări a microbiocenozei vaginale (eliminări, hiperemie) la 8 (33,33%) paciente. Utilizând metoda microscopică şi sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen, normocenoza a fost detectată în 14 (58,33%) cazuri, vaginita nespecifică – în 6 (25,00%) cazuri, candidoza vaginală – în 2 (8,33%) cazuri, vaginoza bacteriană – în 1 (4,17%) caz, tricomoniaza – în 1 (4,17%) caz. La compararea rezultatelor obţinute folosind metoda microscopică şi testul Femoflor-Screen, s-au obţinut rezultate concordante pentru 20 de probe (83,33%), iar în 4 (16,67%) cazuri au fost obţinute rezultate discordante. Concluzii. Prevalenţa tulburărilor de microbiocenoză la femeile gravide cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru este de 41,67%. Utilizarea integrată a metodei microscopice şi a sistemului de testare Femoflor-Screen permite, în cele mai multe cazuri, identificarea diverselor forme de infecţii vulvovaginale şi cervicale cu verificarea factorului etiologic, precum şi stabilirea portajului asimptomatic de bacterii şi candide, care este de o importanţă fundamentală pentru alegerea tacticii terapeutice. Abstract Introduction. The threatened Abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy, which occurs in 15-20% of pregnancies and is associated with premature birth and low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of the membranes, placental abruption. According to researchers, microbiocenosis disorders in pregnant women lead to a complicated course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, as well as the development of infectious and inflammatory processes in the mother and fetus. The purpose of this research was to study the state of the microbiocenosis of the genital tract in pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester in order to improve therapeutic and preventive measures and to avoid obstetric and perinatal complications in such women. Material and methods. The study included 24 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, who were hospitalized because of the threatened Abortion in the hospitals, located in the Luhansk region. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, assessment of the vaginal biocenosis by the bacterioscopic method and using the polymerase chain reaction with the help of the Femoflor-Screen test system in real time mode were carried out. Results. Five (20.83%) women complained about the presence of pathological discharge from the genital tract, 1 (4.17%) woman was concerned with itching and burning, 4 (16.67%) patients did not complain, but noticed that the amount of discharge from the genital tract increased slightly during the pregnancy. Clinical manifestations of vaginal microbiocenosis disorders (discharge, hyperemia) were observed in 8 (33.33%) patients. When using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system, normocenosis was found in 14 (58.33%), nonspecific vaginitis – in 6 (25.00%), vaginal candidiasis – in 2 (8.33%), bacterial vaginosis – in 1 (4.17%) and trichomoniasis – in 1 (4.17%) woman. When comparing the results obtained using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test, concordant results were obtained for 20 (83.33%) samples, while in 4 (16.67%) cases – discordant results were obtained. Conclusions. The prevalence of microbiocenosis disorders among pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester was 41.67%. The combined use of the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system makes it possible, in most cases, to identify various forms of vulvovaginal and cervical infections with verification of the etiological factor, as well as to establish asymptomatic bacterial and candida carriage, which is crucial for the choice of treatment tactics
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REPRODUCTIVE TRACT MICROBIOCENOSIS STATUS IN WOMEN WITH Imminent Abortion IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY: A DESCRIPTIVE, CASE-SERIES STUDY
Revista de Ştiinţe ale Sănătăţii din Moldova, 2019Co-Authors: Romanenko Irina, Golianovsky OlegAbstract:Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center for Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology no. 1, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine.Introducere. Iminenţa de avort este cea mai frecventă complicaţie a sarcinii, care apare în 15-20% din cazurile de sarcină şi este asociată cu naşterea prematură, greutatea scăzută la naştere, preeclampsia, ruperea prematură a membranelor şi decolarea placentei. Potrivit cercetătorilor, dereglările microbiocenozei la gravide conduc spre o evoluţie complicată a sarcinii, naşterii şi perioadei postpartum, precum şi la dezvoltarea proceselor infecţioase şi inflamatorii la mamă şi făt. Scopul cercetării a fost studiul stării microbiocenozei tractului genital la femeile însărcinate cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru, pentru a îmbunătăţi tratamentul şi profilaxia şi pentru a preveni complicaţiile obstetricale şi perinatale la astfel de femei. Material şi metode. Au fost examinate 24 de femei în primul trimestru de sarcină, care au fost spitalizate pentru iminenţă de avort în spitalele din regiunea Luhansk, Ucraina. A fost efectuat un examen clinic şi de laborator cuprinzător. Biocenoza vaginală a fost evaluată, folosind metoda bacterioscopică şi reacţia de polimerizare în lanţ (sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen) în timp real. Rezultate. Cinci femei (20,83%) au acuzat eliminări patologice din tractului genital, 1 (4,17%) femeie a acuzat senzaţii de mâncărime şi arsură, iar 4 (16,67%) paciente nu prezentau acuze, dar au observat că numărul secreţiilor din tractul genital a crescut uşor în timpul sarcinii. Au fost observate manifestări clinice ale unei dereglări a microbiocenozei vaginale (eliminări, hiperemie) la 8 (33,33%) paciente. Utilizând metoda microscopică şi sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen, normocenoza a fost detectată în 14 (58,33%) cazuri, vaginita nespecifică – în 6 (25,00%) cazuri, candidoza vaginală – în 2 (8,33%) cazuri, vaginoza bacteriană – în 1 (4,17%) caz, tricomoniaza – în 1 (4,17%) caz. La compararea rezultatelor obţinute folosind metoda microscopică şi testul Femoflor-Screen, s-au obţinut rezultate concordante pentru 20 de probe (83,33%), iar în 4 (16,67%) cazuri au fost obţinute rezultate discordante. Concluzii. Prevalenţa tulburărilor de microbiocenoză la femeile gravide cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru este de 41,67%. Utilizarea integrată a metodei microscopice şi a sistemului de testare Femoflor-Screen permite, în cele mai multe cazuri, identificarea diverselor forme de infecţii vulvovaginale şi cervicale cu verificarea factorului etiologic, precum şi stabilirea portajului asimptomatic de bacterii şi candide, care este de o importanţă fundamentală pentru alegerea tacticii terapeutice. Introduction. The threatened Abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy, which occurs in 15-20% of pregnancies and is associated with premature birth and low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of the membranes, placental abruption. According to researchers, microbiocenosis disorders in pregnant women lead to a complicated course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, as well as the development of infectious and inflammatory processes in the mother and fetus. The purpose of this research was to study the state of the microbiocenosis of the genital tract in pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester in order to improve therapeutic and preventive measures and to avoid obstetric and perinatal complications in such women. Material and methods. The study included 24 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, who were hospitalized because of the threatened Abortion in the hospitals, located in the Luhansk region. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, assessment of the vaginal biocenosis by the bacterioscopic method and using the polymerase chain reaction with the help of the Femoflor-Screen test system in real time mode were carried out. Results. Five (20.83%) women complained about the presence of pathological discharge from the genital tract, 1 (4.17%) woman was concerned with itching and burning, 4 (16.67%) patients did not complain, but noticed that the amount of discharge from the genital tract increased slightly during the pregnancy. Clinical manifestations of vaginal microbiocenosis disorders (discharge, hyperemia) were observed in 8 (33.33%) patients. When using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system, normocenosis was found in 14 (58.33%), nonspecific vaginitis – in 6 (25.00%), vaginal candidiasis – in 2 (8.33%), bacterial vaginosis – in 1 (4.17%) and trichomoniasis – in 1 (4.17%) woman. When comparing the results obtained using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test, concordant results were obtained for 20 (83.33%) samples, while in 4 (16.67%) cases – discordant results were obtained. Conclusions. The prevalence of microbiocenosis disorders among pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester was 41.67%. The combined use of the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system makes it possible, in most cases, to identify various forms of vulvovaginal and cervical infections with verification of the etiological factor, as well as to establish asymptomatic bacterial and candida carriage, which is crucial for the choice of treatment tactics
Andon Hestiantoro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the benefits of progesterone therapy in Imminent Abortion
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2005Co-Authors: A Abadi, Ali Baziad, Andon HestiantoroAbstract:The causes of Imminent Abortion are multi-factorial. The biggest causal factor is the low level of serum progesterone level. The lowest critical level of serum progesterone for survivability of pregnancy is 10 ng/ml. Eighty percent of patients experiencing Abortion showed that their progesterone level was < 10 ng/ml. Patients who realized that their pregnancy would experience hemorrhage generally would suffer from depression. Stress was one of the factors responsible for the occurence of Abortion. Administration of natural progesterone substitution (not progestogen) accelerates the disappearance of uterine contractions, and speeds up the stoppage of bleeding. In addition, progesterone has the effect of anti-anxiety. Adminstration of oral progesterone would result in metabolism in the intestine and liver, such that physiological level of serum progesterone could not be reached, while administration of suppositoria progesterone would result in physiological level of serum, such that it was effective to prevent Imminent Abortion. (Med J Indones 2005; 14:258-62)
Romanenko Irina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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REPRODUCTIVE TRACT MICROBIOCENOSIS STATUS IN WOMEN WITH Imminent Abortion IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY: A DESCRIPTIVE, CASE-SERIES STUDY
Revista de Ştiinţe ale Sănătăţii din Moldova, 2019Co-Authors: Romanenko Irina, Golianovsky OlegAbstract:Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center for Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology no. 1, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kyiv, Ukraine.Introducere. Iminenţa de avort este cea mai frecventă complicaţie a sarcinii, care apare în 15-20% din cazurile de sarcină şi este asociată cu naşterea prematură, greutatea scăzută la naştere, preeclampsia, ruperea prematură a membranelor şi decolarea placentei. Potrivit cercetătorilor, dereglările microbiocenozei la gravide conduc spre o evoluţie complicată a sarcinii, naşterii şi perioadei postpartum, precum şi la dezvoltarea proceselor infecţioase şi inflamatorii la mamă şi făt. Scopul cercetării a fost studiul stării microbiocenozei tractului genital la femeile însărcinate cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru, pentru a îmbunătăţi tratamentul şi profilaxia şi pentru a preveni complicaţiile obstetricale şi perinatale la astfel de femei. Material şi metode. Au fost examinate 24 de femei în primul trimestru de sarcină, care au fost spitalizate pentru iminenţă de avort în spitalele din regiunea Luhansk, Ucraina. A fost efectuat un examen clinic şi de laborator cuprinzător. Biocenoza vaginală a fost evaluată, folosind metoda bacterioscopică şi reacţia de polimerizare în lanţ (sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen) în timp real. Rezultate. Cinci femei (20,83%) au acuzat eliminări patologice din tractului genital, 1 (4,17%) femeie a acuzat senzaţii de mâncărime şi arsură, iar 4 (16,67%) paciente nu prezentau acuze, dar au observat că numărul secreţiilor din tractul genital a crescut uşor în timpul sarcinii. Au fost observate manifestări clinice ale unei dereglări a microbiocenozei vaginale (eliminări, hiperemie) la 8 (33,33%) paciente. Utilizând metoda microscopică şi sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen, normocenoza a fost detectată în 14 (58,33%) cazuri, vaginita nespecifică – în 6 (25,00%) cazuri, candidoza vaginală – în 2 (8,33%) cazuri, vaginoza bacteriană – în 1 (4,17%) caz, tricomoniaza – în 1 (4,17%) caz. La compararea rezultatelor obţinute folosind metoda microscopică şi testul Femoflor-Screen, s-au obţinut rezultate concordante pentru 20 de probe (83,33%), iar în 4 (16,67%) cazuri au fost obţinute rezultate discordante. Concluzii. Prevalenţa tulburărilor de microbiocenoză la femeile gravide cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru este de 41,67%. Utilizarea integrată a metodei microscopice şi a sistemului de testare Femoflor-Screen permite, în cele mai multe cazuri, identificarea diverselor forme de infecţii vulvovaginale şi cervicale cu verificarea factorului etiologic, precum şi stabilirea portajului asimptomatic de bacterii şi candide, care este de o importanţă fundamentală pentru alegerea tacticii terapeutice. Introduction. The threatened Abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy, which occurs in 15-20% of pregnancies and is associated with premature birth and low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of the membranes, placental abruption. According to researchers, microbiocenosis disorders in pregnant women lead to a complicated course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, as well as the development of infectious and inflammatory processes in the mother and fetus. The purpose of this research was to study the state of the microbiocenosis of the genital tract in pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester in order to improve therapeutic and preventive measures and to avoid obstetric and perinatal complications in such women. Material and methods. The study included 24 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, who were hospitalized because of the threatened Abortion in the hospitals, located in the Luhansk region. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, assessment of the vaginal biocenosis by the bacterioscopic method and using the polymerase chain reaction with the help of the Femoflor-Screen test system in real time mode were carried out. Results. Five (20.83%) women complained about the presence of pathological discharge from the genital tract, 1 (4.17%) woman was concerned with itching and burning, 4 (16.67%) patients did not complain, but noticed that the amount of discharge from the genital tract increased slightly during the pregnancy. Clinical manifestations of vaginal microbiocenosis disorders (discharge, hyperemia) were observed in 8 (33.33%) patients. When using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system, normocenosis was found in 14 (58.33%), nonspecific vaginitis – in 6 (25.00%), vaginal candidiasis – in 2 (8.33%), bacterial vaginosis – in 1 (4.17%) and trichomoniasis – in 1 (4.17%) woman. When comparing the results obtained using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test, concordant results were obtained for 20 (83.33%) samples, while in 4 (16.67%) cases – discordant results were obtained. Conclusions. The prevalence of microbiocenosis disorders among pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester was 41.67%. The combined use of the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system makes it possible, in most cases, to identify various forms of vulvovaginal and cervical infections with verification of the etiological factor, as well as to establish asymptomatic bacterial and candida carriage, which is crucial for the choice of treatment tactics
Romanenko Iryna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reproductive tract microbiocenosis status in women with Imminent Abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy: a descriptive, case-series study
Revista de Științe ale Sănătății din Moldova = Moldovan Journal of Health Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Romanenko Iryna, Golianovsky OlegAbstract:Centrul Ucrainian Ştiinţifico-Practic de Chirurgie Endocrină, Transplant de Organe şi Ţesuturi Endocrine al Ministerului Sănătăţii al Ucrainei, Kiev, Ucraina, Departamentul de obstetrică şi ginecologie nr. 1, Academia Medicală Naţională de Educaţie Postuniversitară, Shuryk, Kiev, UcrainaRezumat Introducere. Iminenţa de avort este cea mai frecventă complicaţie a sarcinii, care apare în 15-20% din cazurile de sarcină şi este asociată cu naşterea prematură, greutatea scăzută la naştere, preeclampsia, ruperea prematură a membranelor şi decolarea placentei. Potrivit cercetătorilor, dereglările microbiocenozei la gravide conduc spre o evoluţie complicată a sarcinii, naşterii şi perioadei postpartum, precum şi la dezvoltarea proceselor infecţioase şi inflamatorii la mamă şi făt. Scopul cercetării a fost studiul stării microbiocenozei tractului genital la femeile însărcinate cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru, pentru a îmbunătăţi tratamentul şi profilaxia şi pentru a preveni complicaţiile obstetricale şi perinatale la astfel de femei. Material şi metode. Au fost examinate 24 de femei în primul trimestru de sarcină, care au fost spitalizate pentru iminenţă de avort în spitalele din regiunea Luhansk, Ucraina. A fost efectuat un examen clinic şi de laborator cuprinzător. Biocenoza vaginală a fost evaluată, folosind metoda bacterioscopică şi reacţia de polimerizare în lanţ (sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen) în timp real. Rezultate. Cinci femei (20,83%) au acuzat eliminări patologice din tractului genital, 1 (4,17%) femeie a acuzat senzaţii de mâncărime şi arsură, iar 4 (16,67%) paciente nu prezentau acuze, dar au observat că numărul secreţiilor din tractul genital a crescut uşor în timpul sarcinii. Au fost observate manifestări clinice ale unei dereglări a microbiocenozei vaginale (eliminări, hiperemie) la 8 (33,33%) paciente. Utilizând metoda microscopică şi sistemul de testare Femoflor-Screen, normocenoza a fost detectată în 14 (58,33%) cazuri, vaginita nespecifică – în 6 (25,00%) cazuri, candidoza vaginală – în 2 (8,33%) cazuri, vaginoza bacteriană – în 1 (4,17%) caz, tricomoniaza – în 1 (4,17%) caz. La compararea rezultatelor obţinute folosind metoda microscopică şi testul Femoflor-Screen, s-au obţinut rezultate concordante pentru 20 de probe (83,33%), iar în 4 (16,67%) cazuri au fost obţinute rezultate discordante. Concluzii. Prevalenţa tulburărilor de microbiocenoză la femeile gravide cu iminenţă de avort în primul trimestru este de 41,67%. Utilizarea integrată a metodei microscopice şi a sistemului de testare Femoflor-Screen permite, în cele mai multe cazuri, identificarea diverselor forme de infecţii vulvovaginale şi cervicale cu verificarea factorului etiologic, precum şi stabilirea portajului asimptomatic de bacterii şi candide, care este de o importanţă fundamentală pentru alegerea tacticii terapeutice. Abstract Introduction. The threatened Abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy, which occurs in 15-20% of pregnancies and is associated with premature birth and low birth weight, pre-eclampsia, premature rupture of the membranes, placental abruption. According to researchers, microbiocenosis disorders in pregnant women lead to a complicated course of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, as well as the development of infectious and inflammatory processes in the mother and fetus. The purpose of this research was to study the state of the microbiocenosis of the genital tract in pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester in order to improve therapeutic and preventive measures and to avoid obstetric and perinatal complications in such women. Material and methods. The study included 24 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, who were hospitalized because of the threatened Abortion in the hospitals, located in the Luhansk region. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, assessment of the vaginal biocenosis by the bacterioscopic method and using the polymerase chain reaction with the help of the Femoflor-Screen test system in real time mode were carried out. Results. Five (20.83%) women complained about the presence of pathological discharge from the genital tract, 1 (4.17%) woman was concerned with itching and burning, 4 (16.67%) patients did not complain, but noticed that the amount of discharge from the genital tract increased slightly during the pregnancy. Clinical manifestations of vaginal microbiocenosis disorders (discharge, hyperemia) were observed in 8 (33.33%) patients. When using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system, normocenosis was found in 14 (58.33%), nonspecific vaginitis – in 6 (25.00%), vaginal candidiasis – in 2 (8.33%), bacterial vaginosis – in 1 (4.17%) and trichomoniasis – in 1 (4.17%) woman. When comparing the results obtained using the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test, concordant results were obtained for 20 (83.33%) samples, while in 4 (16.67%) cases – discordant results were obtained. Conclusions. The prevalence of microbiocenosis disorders among pregnant women with threatened Abortions in the first trimester was 41.67%. The combined use of the microscopic method and the Femoflor-Screen test system makes it possible, in most cases, to identify various forms of vulvovaginal and cervical infections with verification of the etiological factor, as well as to establish asymptomatic bacterial and candida carriage, which is crucial for the choice of treatment tactics
A Abadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the benefits of progesterone therapy in Imminent Abortion
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2005Co-Authors: A Abadi, Ali Baziad, Andon HestiantoroAbstract:The causes of Imminent Abortion are multi-factorial. The biggest causal factor is the low level of serum progesterone level. The lowest critical level of serum progesterone for survivability of pregnancy is 10 ng/ml. Eighty percent of patients experiencing Abortion showed that their progesterone level was < 10 ng/ml. Patients who realized that their pregnancy would experience hemorrhage generally would suffer from depression. Stress was one of the factors responsible for the occurence of Abortion. Administration of natural progesterone substitution (not progestogen) accelerates the disappearance of uterine contractions, and speeds up the stoppage of bleeding. In addition, progesterone has the effect of anti-anxiety. Adminstration of oral progesterone would result in metabolism in the intestine and liver, such that physiological level of serum progesterone could not be reached, while administration of suppositoria progesterone would result in physiological level of serum, such that it was effective to prevent Imminent Abortion. (Med J Indones 2005; 14:258-62)
