Immunopharmacology

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Sang Kook Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Stephen T. Holgate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The expanding role of Immunopharmacology: IUPHAR Review 16.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ekaterini Tiligada, Masaru Ishii, Carlo Riccardi, Michael Spedding, Hans-uwe Simon, Mauro M. Teixeira, Mario Landys Chovel Cuervo, Stephen T. Holgate, Francesca Levi-schaffer
    Abstract:

    Drugs targeting the immune system such as corticosteroids, antihistamines and immunosuppressants have been widely exploited in the treatment of inflammatory, allergic and autoimmune disorders during the second half of the 20th century. The recent advances in immunopharmacological research have made available new classes of clinically relevant drugs. These comprise protein kinase inhibitors and biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies, that selectively modulate the immune response not only in cancer and autoimmunity but also in a number of other human pathologies. Likewise, more effective vaccines utilizing novel antigens and adjuvants are valuable tools for the prevention of transmissible infectious diseases and for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Consequently, Immunopharmacology is presently considered as one of the expanding fields of pharmacology. Immunopharmacology addresses the selective regulation of immune responses and aims to uncover and exploit beneficial therapeutic options for typical and non-typical immune system-driven unmet clinical needs. While in the near future a number of new agents will be introduced, improving the effectiveness and safety of those currently in use is imperative for all researchers and clinicians working in the fields of immunology, pharmacology and drug discovery. The newly formed ImmuPhar (http://iuphar.us/index.php/sections-subcoms/Immunopharmacology) is the Immunopharmacology Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR, http://iuphar.us/). ImmuPhar provides a unique international expert-lead platform that aims to dissect and promote the growing understanding of immune (patho)physiology. Moreover, it challenges the identification and validation of drug targets and lead candidates for the treatment of many forms of debilitating disorders, including, among others, cancer, allergies, autoimmune and metabolic diseases.

  • The Immunopharmacology of mild asthma
    Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Stephen T. Holgate
    Abstract:

    Abstract If cell numbers, activation state, or mediators, for example, can be correlated with some clinical measure of disease severity, a major effector role in the disease may be postulated. Mast cells, along with eosinophils and lymphocytes, are present in increased numbers in the airways of patients with asthma. Mast cell mediators are also increased in persons with allergies, with the concentrations of histamine, tryptase, and prostaglandin D 2 being proportional to the degree of airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Increased numbers of activated mast cells and eosinophils (but not T cells or macrophages) were also found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children. The mast cell is also known to release a range of cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor–α and IL-4) that have various important functions, including upregulation of the endothelial adhesion molecules that are responsible for eosinophil recruitment from the microvascular circulation into the airways and subsequent activation. Mast cell staining for secreted IL-4 was found to be proportional to the infiltration of eosinophils and lower airway symptoms in patients with seasonal asthma, which is compatible with the concept that mast cells alone can sustain a continuing allergic inflammatory response. The mast cell proteases chymase and tryptase are also important for eosinophil recruitment and activation and for increasing mucus secretion and microvascular permeability. The evidence that the human mast cell is capable of releasing proteases and cytokines that have the capacity to initiate and maintain a chronic inflammatory response provides a mechanism whereby the clinical efficacy of nedocromil sodium in patients with chronic mild to moderate asthma can be explained. (J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL 1996;98:S7-16.)

Hye-young Min - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

S. T. Holgate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Immunopharmacology of mild asthma.
    The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 1996
    Co-Authors: S. T. Holgate
    Abstract:

    If cell numbers, activation state, or mediators, for example, can be correlated with some clinical measure of disease severity, a major effector role in the disease may be postulated. Mast cells, along with eosinophils and lymphocytes, are present in increased numbers in the airways of patients with asthma. Mast cell mediators are also increased in persons with allergies, with the concentrations of histamine, tryptase, and prostaglandin D2 being proportional to the degree of airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Increased numbers of activated must cells and eosinophils (but not T cells or macrophages) were also found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children. The mast cell is also known to release a range of cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-4) that have various important functions, including upregulation of the endothelial adhesion molecules that are responsible for eosinophil recruitment from the microvascular circulation into the airways and subsequent activation. Mast cell staining for secreted IL-4 was found to be proportional to the infiltration of eosinophils and lower airway symptoms in patients with seasonal asthma, which is compatible with the concept that mast cells alone can sustain a continuing allergic inflammatory response. The mast cell proteases chymase and tryptase are also important for eosinophil recruitment and activation and for increasing mucus secretion and microvascular permeability. The evidence that the human mast cell is capable of releasing proteases and cytokines that have the capacity to initiate and maintain a chronic inflammatory response provides a mechanism whereby the clinical efficacy of nedocromil sodium in patients with chronic mild to moderate asthma can be explained.

  • Immunopharmacology of the respiratory system
    1995
    Co-Authors: S. T. Holgate
    Abstract:

    Macrophages and Dendritic Cell Populations in the Respiratory Tract. The Role of T Lymphocytes in Mucosal Protection and Injury. The Regulation of Immunoglobulin-E Synthesis. Mast Cells and Basophils: Their Role in Initiating and Maintaining Inflammatory Responses. Eosinophils: Effector Leukocytes of Allergic Inflammatory Responses. Cytokine Regulation of Chronic Inflammation in Asthma. Neural Networks in the Lung. The Microvasculature as a Participant in Inflammation. Regulation of Airway Smooth Muscle. The Airway Epithelium: The Origin and Target of Inflammatory Airways Disease and Injury. Transition Between Inflammation and Fibrosis in the Lung. The Cell Biology of the Resolution of Inflammation.

Gregory J. Wiederrecht - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Immunopharmacology of rapamycin.
    Annual review of immunology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Robert T. Abraham, Gregory J. Wiederrecht
    Abstract:

    ▪ Abstract The potent immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and rapamycin interfere with signal transduction pathways required for T cell activation and growth. The distinct inhibitory effects of these drugs on the T cell activation program are mediated through the formation of pharmacologically active complexes with members of a family of intracellular receptors termed the FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs). The FKBP12 · FK506 complex specifically binds to and inhibits calcineurin, a signaling protein required for transcriptional activation of the interleukin (IL)-2 gene in response to T cell antigen receptor engagement. The FKBP12 · rapamycin complex interacts with a recently defined target protein termed the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Accumulating data suggest that mTOR functions in a previously unrecognized signal transduction pathway required for the progression of IL-2-stimulated T cells from G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle. Here we review the Immunopharmacology of rapamycin, with particular em...