Immunostimulants

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Thavasimuthu Citarasu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus by inactivated vaccine with herbal Immunostimulants
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Aiyakani Yogeeswaran, Subramanian Velmurugan, Stanislas Mary Josephine Punitha, Michael M Babu, Thangaswamy Selvaraj, Thangamani Kumaran, Thavasimuthu Citarasu
    Abstract:

    Abstract To improve the immune response in tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon against WSSV infection, juveniles (350 ± 10 mg) were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated WSSV and fed with herbal Immunostimulants. The methanolic extracts of herbal Immunostimulants such as Acalypha indica, Cynodon dactylon, Picrorrhiza kurrooa, Withania somnifera and Zingiber officinalis were incorporated in formulated diets at different concentrations; 250 (ED1), 500 (ED2), 1000 (ED3) and 2000 (ED4) mg kg−1 of feed and fed for 60 days after vaccination. After 30 and 60 days intervals of feeding, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps fed with control diets (C1) succumbed to death within 5 days after WSSV challenge, when no vaccination and immunostimulations were given. The other control groups (C2 and C3) had slight improvements in all parameters including survival. The percentage survival was significantly (P

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mg kg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0 +/- 0.5 g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800 mg kg(-1)) significantly (P < 0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mgkg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0+/-0.5g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800mgkg(-1)) significantly (P<0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture.

Vadivel Murugan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mg kg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0 +/- 0.5 g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800 mg kg(-1)) significantly (P < 0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mgkg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0+/-0.5g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800mgkg(-1)) significantly (P<0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture.

Rosamma Philip - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • efficacy of marine yeasts and baker s yeast as Immunostimulants in fenneropenaeus indicus a comparative study
    Aquaculture, 2011
    Co-Authors: P J Sarlin, Rosamma Philip
    Abstract:

    Abstract Efficacy of marine yeasts Debaryomyces hansenii (S8) and Candida tropicalis (S186) as Immunostimulants to Indian white prawn Fenneropenaeus indicus was estimated in comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae S36. Biomass of yeast strains was prepared using Malt Extract Agar and incorporated into a standard diet to prepare yeast diets of varying concentrations. F. indicus were fed these diets for a period of 14 days and then challenged orally with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and immune assays like total hemocyte count, phenol oxidase, NBT reduction, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were performed. Generally yeast diets provided better protection to F. indicus against WSSV compared to control. Marine yeast diet was found to support maximum immunostimulation evidenced by enhanced shrimp immunity. The study showed that marine yeasts D. hansenii (S8) and C. tropicalis (S186) are effective Immunostimulants in F. indicus and they perform better than the baker's yeast, S. cerevisiae.

  • molecular characterization of a crustin like antimicrobial peptide in the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon and its expression profile in response to various Immunostimulants and challenge with wssv
    Immunobiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Swapna P Antony, I Bright S Singh, N S Sudheer, S Vrinda, P Priyaja, Rosamma Philip
    Abstract:

    A crustin-like antimicrobial peptide from the haemocytes of giant tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon was partially characterized at the molecular level and phylogenetic analysis was performed. The partial coding sequence of 299 bp and 91 deduced amino acid residues possessed conserved cysteine residues characteristic of the shrimp crustins. Phylogenetic tree and sequence comparison clearly confirmed divergence of this crustin-like AMP from other shrimp crustins. The differential expression of the crustin-like AMP in P. monodon in response to the administration of various Immunostimulants viz., two marine yeasts (Candida haemulonii S27 and Candida sake S165) and two β-glucan isolates (extracted from C. haemulonii S27 and C. sake S165) were noted during the study. Responses to the application of two gram-positive probiotic bacteria (Bacillus MCCB101 and Micrococcus MCCB104) were also observed. The immune profile was recorded pre- and post-challenge white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Expressions of seven WSSV genes were also observed for studying the intensity of viral infection in the experimental animals. The crustin-like AMP was found to be constitutively expressed in the animal and a significant down-regulation could be noted post-challenge WSSV. Remarkable down-regulation of the gene was observed in the immunostimulant fed animals pre-challenge followed by a significant up-regulation post-challenge WSSV. Tissue-wise expression of crustin-like AMP on administration of C. haemulonii and Bacillus showed maximum transcripts in gill and intestine. The marine yeast, C. haemulonii and the probiotic bacteria, Bacillus were found to enhance the production of crustin-like AMP and confer significant protection to P. monodon against WSSV infection.

Namita Rout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mg kg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0 +/- 0.5 g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800 mg kg(-1)) significantly (P < 0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mgkg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0+/-0.5g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800mgkg(-1)) significantly (P<0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture.

Grasian Immanuel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mg kg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0 +/- 0.5 g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800 mg kg(-1)) significantly (P < 0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  • influence of selected indian immunostimulant herbs against white spot syndrome virus wssv infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon with reference to haematological biochemical and immunological changes
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Thavasimuthu Citarasu, Veeramani Sivaram, Grasian Immanuel, Namita Rout, Vadivel Murugan
    Abstract:

    Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mgkg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0+/-0.5g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800mgkg(-1)) significantly (P<0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal Immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture.