The Experts below are selected from a list of 3024 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luis A. Leturiondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flicker of Modern Lighting Technologies Due to Rapid Voltage Changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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flicker of modern lighting technologies due to rapid voltage changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies at varying flicker severity levels
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2017Co-Authors: José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, S. Ruiz De Gauna, Digna M. González-oteroAbstract:Abstract Efficient lighting technologies are not necessarily less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp, and therefore a procedure for controlling the immunity of Lamps to voltage fluctuations was defined in the IEC 61547 standard. This procedure checks that a Lamp is not more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp to voltage fluctuations corresponding to the P st = 1 curve. For a Lamp that behaves linearly, these tests are sufficient to guarantee that a Lamp is less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at any voltage fluctuation level. This paper analyzes the linearity in the response of a set of Lamps with both simulated and real voltage signals. For a given input voltage signal containing fluctuations, a new signal was generated with a voltage fluctuation whose amplitude was proportional to the original one. Both signals were passed through an illuminance flickermeter and the obtained flicker severity values were compared. The results showed that not all the Lamps behaved linearly. Some Lamps were less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at the reference level, and with other voltage fluctuation amplitudes produced flicker severity values higher than the Incandescent Lamp. Moreover, the nonlinearity shown with real voltage signals was not reflected with the same nonlinear behavior with simulated fluctuations in all cases. These results lead to the conclusion that the current immunity protocol is insufficient for guaranteeing that a Lamp is less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp at every voltage fluctuation level.
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Towards limiting the sensitivity of energy-efficient lighting to voltage fluctuations
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: I. Azcarate, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, K. Redondo, A. Lazkano, Luis A. LeturiondoAbstract:In recent years, several countries have adopted measures aimed at improving the efficiency of energy usage and reducing energy costs. One initiative has been to encourage the use of efficient lighting technologies by replacing inefficient Lamps such as the Incandescent Lamp with more efficient Lamps. However, this change can have consequences in terms of power quality, and more specifically in terms of flicker. The standardized procedure for flicker measurement is based on the working principle and characteristics of the Incandescent Lamp. A number of studies have suggested that modern Lamps are less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than Incandescent Lamps. This leads to two different solutions: to either increase the established compatibility levels for voltage fluctuations, or find a new reference Lamp for flicker measurement. This work presents an in-depth analysis of the state of the art regarding the sensitivity of new lighting technologies to voltage fluctuations. The problem is tackled from various angles: the techniques and tools used in the sensitivity analysis, the grid disturbances that are likely to affect the flickering of the various lighting technologies, and the comparison of modern Lamps׳ sensitivity to voltage fluctuations. The main conclusions presented in the works analyzed here are compared to assess the validity of the mentioned proposals. New lighting technologies cover a wide range of responses, from Lamps with very low sensitivity to Lamps that are clearly more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp. Considering the diversity in the behavior of modern lighting technologies and the banning of the Incandescent Lamp, a procedure for controlling the immunity of energy-efficient Lamps to voltage fluctuations during the development of the equipment has been proposed.
I. Azcarate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flicker of Modern Lighting Technologies Due to Rapid Voltage Changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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flicker of modern lighting technologies due to rapid voltage changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to rapid voltage changes
2018 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2018Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:Rapid Voltage Changes (RVCs) are one of the Power Quality disturbances that are recently receiving a lot of attention from the point of view of international standards. However, although they can cause or contribute to flicker, IEC 61000-4-15 only addresses periodic amplitude fluctuations and more effort is needed to regulate the occurrence of RVCs, according to their effect on flicker perceptibility. Alongside, flicker perception is challenged by the integration of modern lighting technology, whose response is different from the traditional Incandescent Lamp. This paper studies the connection between the increasing importance of RVCs and the evolution of illumination technologies. Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to RVCs is studied by measuring flicker with a high precision light flickermeter. A large set of modern Lamps is tested and the relationship between RVCs parameters and flicker perceptibility is analyzed.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies at varying flicker severity levels
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2017Co-Authors: José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, S. Ruiz De Gauna, Digna M. González-oteroAbstract:Abstract Efficient lighting technologies are not necessarily less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp, and therefore a procedure for controlling the immunity of Lamps to voltage fluctuations was defined in the IEC 61547 standard. This procedure checks that a Lamp is not more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp to voltage fluctuations corresponding to the P st = 1 curve. For a Lamp that behaves linearly, these tests are sufficient to guarantee that a Lamp is less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at any voltage fluctuation level. This paper analyzes the linearity in the response of a set of Lamps with both simulated and real voltage signals. For a given input voltage signal containing fluctuations, a new signal was generated with a voltage fluctuation whose amplitude was proportional to the original one. Both signals were passed through an illuminance flickermeter and the obtained flicker severity values were compared. The results showed that not all the Lamps behaved linearly. Some Lamps were less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at the reference level, and with other voltage fluctuation amplitudes produced flicker severity values higher than the Incandescent Lamp. Moreover, the nonlinearity shown with real voltage signals was not reflected with the same nonlinear behavior with simulated fluctuations in all cases. These results lead to the conclusion that the current immunity protocol is insufficient for guaranteeing that a Lamp is less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp at every voltage fluctuation level.
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Towards limiting the sensitivity of energy-efficient lighting to voltage fluctuations
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: I. Azcarate, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, K. Redondo, A. Lazkano, Luis A. LeturiondoAbstract:In recent years, several countries have adopted measures aimed at improving the efficiency of energy usage and reducing energy costs. One initiative has been to encourage the use of efficient lighting technologies by replacing inefficient Lamps such as the Incandescent Lamp with more efficient Lamps. However, this change can have consequences in terms of power quality, and more specifically in terms of flicker. The standardized procedure for flicker measurement is based on the working principle and characteristics of the Incandescent Lamp. A number of studies have suggested that modern Lamps are less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than Incandescent Lamps. This leads to two different solutions: to either increase the established compatibility levels for voltage fluctuations, or find a new reference Lamp for flicker measurement. This work presents an in-depth analysis of the state of the art regarding the sensitivity of new lighting technologies to voltage fluctuations. The problem is tackled from various angles: the techniques and tools used in the sensitivity analysis, the grid disturbances that are likely to affect the flickering of the various lighting technologies, and the comparison of modern Lamps׳ sensitivity to voltage fluctuations. The main conclusions presented in the works analyzed here are compared to assess the validity of the mentioned proposals. New lighting technologies cover a wide range of responses, from Lamps with very low sensitivity to Lamps that are clearly more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp. Considering the diversity in the behavior of modern lighting technologies and the banning of the Incandescent Lamp, a procedure for controlling the immunity of energy-efficient Lamps to voltage fluctuations during the development of the equipment has been proposed.
José Julio Gutiérrez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flicker of Modern Lighting Technologies Due to Rapid Voltage Changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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flicker of modern lighting technologies due to rapid voltage changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to rapid voltage changes
2018 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2018Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:Rapid Voltage Changes (RVCs) are one of the Power Quality disturbances that are recently receiving a lot of attention from the point of view of international standards. However, although they can cause or contribute to flicker, IEC 61000-4-15 only addresses periodic amplitude fluctuations and more effort is needed to regulate the occurrence of RVCs, according to their effect on flicker perceptibility. Alongside, flicker perception is challenged by the integration of modern lighting technology, whose response is different from the traditional Incandescent Lamp. This paper studies the connection between the increasing importance of RVCs and the evolution of illumination technologies. Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to RVCs is studied by measuring flicker with a high precision light flickermeter. A large set of modern Lamps is tested and the relationship between RVCs parameters and flicker perceptibility is analyzed.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies at varying flicker severity levels
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2017Co-Authors: José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, S. Ruiz De Gauna, Digna M. González-oteroAbstract:Abstract Efficient lighting technologies are not necessarily less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp, and therefore a procedure for controlling the immunity of Lamps to voltage fluctuations was defined in the IEC 61547 standard. This procedure checks that a Lamp is not more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp to voltage fluctuations corresponding to the P st = 1 curve. For a Lamp that behaves linearly, these tests are sufficient to guarantee that a Lamp is less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at any voltage fluctuation level. This paper analyzes the linearity in the response of a set of Lamps with both simulated and real voltage signals. For a given input voltage signal containing fluctuations, a new signal was generated with a voltage fluctuation whose amplitude was proportional to the original one. Both signals were passed through an illuminance flickermeter and the obtained flicker severity values were compared. The results showed that not all the Lamps behaved linearly. Some Lamps were less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at the reference level, and with other voltage fluctuation amplitudes produced flicker severity values higher than the Incandescent Lamp. Moreover, the nonlinearity shown with real voltage signals was not reflected with the same nonlinear behavior with simulated fluctuations in all cases. These results lead to the conclusion that the current immunity protocol is insufficient for guaranteeing that a Lamp is less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp at every voltage fluctuation level.
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Towards limiting the sensitivity of energy-efficient lighting to voltage fluctuations
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: I. Azcarate, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, K. Redondo, A. Lazkano, Luis A. LeturiondoAbstract:In recent years, several countries have adopted measures aimed at improving the efficiency of energy usage and reducing energy costs. One initiative has been to encourage the use of efficient lighting technologies by replacing inefficient Lamps such as the Incandescent Lamp with more efficient Lamps. However, this change can have consequences in terms of power quality, and more specifically in terms of flicker. The standardized procedure for flicker measurement is based on the working principle and characteristics of the Incandescent Lamp. A number of studies have suggested that modern Lamps are less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than Incandescent Lamps. This leads to two different solutions: to either increase the established compatibility levels for voltage fluctuations, or find a new reference Lamp for flicker measurement. This work presents an in-depth analysis of the state of the art regarding the sensitivity of new lighting technologies to voltage fluctuations. The problem is tackled from various angles: the techniques and tools used in the sensitivity analysis, the grid disturbances that are likely to affect the flickering of the various lighting technologies, and the comparison of modern Lamps׳ sensitivity to voltage fluctuations. The main conclusions presented in the works analyzed here are compared to assess the validity of the mentioned proposals. New lighting technologies cover a wide range of responses, from Lamps with very low sensitivity to Lamps that are clearly more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp. Considering the diversity in the behavior of modern lighting technologies and the banning of the Incandescent Lamp, a procedure for controlling the immunity of energy-efficient Lamps to voltage fluctuations during the development of the equipment has been proposed.
K. Redondo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flicker of Modern Lighting Technologies Due to Rapid Voltage Changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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flicker of modern lighting technologies due to rapid voltage changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to rapid voltage changes
2018 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2018Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:Rapid Voltage Changes (RVCs) are one of the Power Quality disturbances that are recently receiving a lot of attention from the point of view of international standards. However, although they can cause or contribute to flicker, IEC 61000-4-15 only addresses periodic amplitude fluctuations and more effort is needed to regulate the occurrence of RVCs, according to their effect on flicker perceptibility. Alongside, flicker perception is challenged by the integration of modern lighting technology, whose response is different from the traditional Incandescent Lamp. This paper studies the connection between the increasing importance of RVCs and the evolution of illumination technologies. Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to RVCs is studied by measuring flicker with a high precision light flickermeter. A large set of modern Lamps is tested and the relationship between RVCs parameters and flicker perceptibility is analyzed.
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Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies at varying flicker severity levels
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2017Co-Authors: José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, S. Ruiz De Gauna, Digna M. González-oteroAbstract:Abstract Efficient lighting technologies are not necessarily less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp, and therefore a procedure for controlling the immunity of Lamps to voltage fluctuations was defined in the IEC 61547 standard. This procedure checks that a Lamp is not more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp to voltage fluctuations corresponding to the P st = 1 curve. For a Lamp that behaves linearly, these tests are sufficient to guarantee that a Lamp is less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at any voltage fluctuation level. This paper analyzes the linearity in the response of a set of Lamps with both simulated and real voltage signals. For a given input voltage signal containing fluctuations, a new signal was generated with a voltage fluctuation whose amplitude was proportional to the original one. Both signals were passed through an illuminance flickermeter and the obtained flicker severity values were compared. The results showed that not all the Lamps behaved linearly. Some Lamps were less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at the reference level, and with other voltage fluctuation amplitudes produced flicker severity values higher than the Incandescent Lamp. Moreover, the nonlinearity shown with real voltage signals was not reflected with the same nonlinear behavior with simulated fluctuations in all cases. These results lead to the conclusion that the current immunity protocol is insufficient for guaranteeing that a Lamp is less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp at every voltage fluctuation level.
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Towards limiting the sensitivity of energy-efficient lighting to voltage fluctuations
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: I. Azcarate, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, K. Redondo, A. Lazkano, Luis A. LeturiondoAbstract:In recent years, several countries have adopted measures aimed at improving the efficiency of energy usage and reducing energy costs. One initiative has been to encourage the use of efficient lighting technologies by replacing inefficient Lamps such as the Incandescent Lamp with more efficient Lamps. However, this change can have consequences in terms of power quality, and more specifically in terms of flicker. The standardized procedure for flicker measurement is based on the working principle and characteristics of the Incandescent Lamp. A number of studies have suggested that modern Lamps are less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than Incandescent Lamps. This leads to two different solutions: to either increase the established compatibility levels for voltage fluctuations, or find a new reference Lamp for flicker measurement. This work presents an in-depth analysis of the state of the art regarding the sensitivity of new lighting technologies to voltage fluctuations. The problem is tackled from various angles: the techniques and tools used in the sensitivity analysis, the grid disturbances that are likely to affect the flickering of the various lighting technologies, and the comparison of modern Lamps׳ sensitivity to voltage fluctuations. The main conclusions presented in the works analyzed here are compared to assess the validity of the mentioned proposals. New lighting technologies cover a wide range of responses, from Lamps with very low sensitivity to Lamps that are clearly more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp. Considering the diversity in the behavior of modern lighting technologies and the banning of the Incandescent Lamp, a procedure for controlling the immunity of energy-efficient Lamps to voltage fluctuations during the development of the equipment has been proposed.
P. Saiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Flicker of Modern Lighting Technologies Due to Rapid Voltage Changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
-
flicker of modern lighting technologies due to rapid voltage changes
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to different types of RVCs. In order to do that, 27 modern Lamps—mainly LED—have been subjected to real RVCs and their response has been assessed. The detection of RVCs on the grid has been performed according to the IEC 61000-4-30 detection method, while the response of the Lamps has been measured with a light flickermeter and characterized using the instantaneous flicker perception, as defined in IEC 61000-4-15. The obtained results show a high dispersion in the response of the modern lighting technologies and high values of flicker perception, although with a lower sensitivity than the Incandescent Lamp. The results led the authors to propose the definition of a new immunity test to be added to the Lamp immunity protocol IEC TR-61547-1, to ensure that newly produced Lamps cause limited irritation to grid users.
-
Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to rapid voltage changes
2018 18th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power (ICHQP), 2018Co-Authors: Stefano Lodetti, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, K. Redondo, J.j. Melero, Jorge BrunaAbstract:Rapid Voltage Changes (RVCs) are one of the Power Quality disturbances that are recently receiving a lot of attention from the point of view of international standards. However, although they can cause or contribute to flicker, IEC 61000-4-15 only addresses periodic amplitude fluctuations and more effort is needed to regulate the occurrence of RVCs, according to their effect on flicker perceptibility. Alongside, flicker perception is challenged by the integration of modern lighting technology, whose response is different from the traditional Incandescent Lamp. This paper studies the connection between the increasing importance of RVCs and the evolution of illumination technologies. Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies to RVCs is studied by measuring flicker with a high precision light flickermeter. A large set of modern Lamps is tested and the relationship between RVCs parameters and flicker perceptibility is analyzed.
-
Sensitivity of modern lighting technologies at varying flicker severity levels
International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2017Co-Authors: José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, I. Azcarate, Luis A. Leturiondo, K. Redondo, S. Ruiz De Gauna, Digna M. González-oteroAbstract:Abstract Efficient lighting technologies are not necessarily less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp, and therefore a procedure for controlling the immunity of Lamps to voltage fluctuations was defined in the IEC 61547 standard. This procedure checks that a Lamp is not more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp to voltage fluctuations corresponding to the P st = 1 curve. For a Lamp that behaves linearly, these tests are sufficient to guarantee that a Lamp is less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at any voltage fluctuation level. This paper analyzes the linearity in the response of a set of Lamps with both simulated and real voltage signals. For a given input voltage signal containing fluctuations, a new signal was generated with a voltage fluctuation whose amplitude was proportional to the original one. Both signals were passed through an illuminance flickermeter and the obtained flicker severity values were compared. The results showed that not all the Lamps behaved linearly. Some Lamps were less sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp at the reference level, and with other voltage fluctuation amplitudes produced flicker severity values higher than the Incandescent Lamp. Moreover, the nonlinearity shown with real voltage signals was not reflected with the same nonlinear behavior with simulated fluctuations in all cases. These results lead to the conclusion that the current immunity protocol is insufficient for guaranteeing that a Lamp is less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than the Incandescent Lamp at every voltage fluctuation level.
-
Towards limiting the sensitivity of energy-efficient lighting to voltage fluctuations
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: I. Azcarate, José Julio Gutiérrez, P. Saiz, K. Redondo, A. Lazkano, Luis A. LeturiondoAbstract:In recent years, several countries have adopted measures aimed at improving the efficiency of energy usage and reducing energy costs. One initiative has been to encourage the use of efficient lighting technologies by replacing inefficient Lamps such as the Incandescent Lamp with more efficient Lamps. However, this change can have consequences in terms of power quality, and more specifically in terms of flicker. The standardized procedure for flicker measurement is based on the working principle and characteristics of the Incandescent Lamp. A number of studies have suggested that modern Lamps are less sensitive to voltage fluctuations than Incandescent Lamps. This leads to two different solutions: to either increase the established compatibility levels for voltage fluctuations, or find a new reference Lamp for flicker measurement. This work presents an in-depth analysis of the state of the art regarding the sensitivity of new lighting technologies to voltage fluctuations. The problem is tackled from various angles: the techniques and tools used in the sensitivity analysis, the grid disturbances that are likely to affect the flickering of the various lighting technologies, and the comparison of modern Lamps׳ sensitivity to voltage fluctuations. The main conclusions presented in the works analyzed here are compared to assess the validity of the mentioned proposals. New lighting technologies cover a wide range of responses, from Lamps with very low sensitivity to Lamps that are clearly more sensitive than the Incandescent Lamp. Considering the diversity in the behavior of modern lighting technologies and the banning of the Incandescent Lamp, a procedure for controlling the immunity of energy-efficient Lamps to voltage fluctuations during the development of the equipment has been proposed.
