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M.-y. Wey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Major Species of Heavy Metal Aerosol Resulting from Water Cooling Systems and Spray Dryer Systems during Incineration Processes
Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 1998Co-Authors: M.-y. Wey, Jia-tser Yang, Ming-chi WeiAbstract:ABSTRACT Trace toxic metals in municipal solid waste may escape from the Incineration Process in flue gas, in dry collected ash, in wet scrubbed ash, or as a suspended aerosol. Therefore, understanding the behavior of heavy metals in the flue gas and the best controls in the air pollution control equipment are important and necessary. The control conditions of water cooling and spray dryer systems during Incineration Processes significantly influence the formation of heavy metal compounds. The formation of chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) species under various control conditions (water cooling tower and spray dryer reactor) was investigated in this study. The object of the experiment is to understand the effects of water cooling and spray dryer systems individually on the formation of heavy metal species. The operating parameters that are evaluated include different control systems, control temperatures, and chlorine content. A thermodynamic equilibrium model was also used to evaluate experiment...
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Theoretical and Experimental Study of Metal Capture during Incineration Process
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 1997Co-Authors: Jyh-cherng Chen, M.-y. Wey, Ming-hong YanAbstract:Experimental studies and thermodynamic equilibrium analysis were carried out to investigate the effects of operating conditions and input waste compositions on the adsorption of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cd) on silica sand during Incineration Processes. The experiments were performed with a pilot-scale fluidized bed incinerator, and the evaluated parameters include (1) sand bed temperature (500, 700, and 900 C); and (2) the addition of organic chloride (PVC), inorganic chlorides (NaCl and CaCl{sub 2}), and sulfide (Na{sub 2}S). The experimental and simulating results indicated that the addition of organic chloride (PVC) would increase the formation of volatile metallic chlorides, and decrease the adsorption efficiency of silica sand. On the other hand, the addition of inorganic chlorides (NaCl and CaCl{sub 2}) worked differently, which increased the adsorption efficiency of silica sand. The addition of sulfide (Na{sub 2}S) would increase the adsorption efficiencies of the four metals in silica sand because sulfide inhibited the formation of metallic chlorides. The hexavalent chromium content in the sand bed decreased for the addition of organic chloride (PVC), and increased for the addition of inorganic chlorides (NaCl and CaCl{sub 2}).
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Dynamic simulation of a high-temperature slagging Incineration Process
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1993Co-Authors: M.-y. WeyAbstract:Abstract The objective of this research is to study the dynamic state of a high-temperature slagging Incineration Process (HTSI, Fig. 1). The simulation logic of HTSI at steady state has been discussed in Wey et al . ( Computers chem. Engng 15 , 297–304, 1991). The detailed numerical technique and dynamic simulation are presented here. Through the dynamic simulation of HTSI, the temperature and composition distribution along the incinerator body and waste channel, and the slag melting rate can be predicted at either steady or unsteady state. The quality of the waste product is the most important requirement of this novel Incineration Process. With the predicted dynamic results, the time to reach steady state can be obtained. Finally the waste product quality could be assured and the energy consumption can be minimized. The results obtained show: (a) the melting rate is affected by the operating chamber temperature, but the burning out rate is mostly affected by the waste feed rate; (b) the slag layer and the underlying waste provide efficient thermal insulation across which a thermal gradient appears; and (c) for the final combustible waste product to reach steady state takes less than 1 h, but for the melting rate and the temperature to reach steady state should take a few hours.
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Simulation of a slagging Incineration Process
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1991Co-Authors: M.-y. Wey, Jan Degrève, P. Van RompayAbstract:Abstract A simplified model for the simulation of a high-temperature slagging Incineration Process, capable of predicting the temperature and composition distribution along the furnace, and the waste feeding rate has been developed. The simulation results indicate that the operating temperature does not have a significant effect on the outside wall temperature, and the waste channel plays an important role in insulating the furnace. The melting rate is affected by the operating chamber temperature but the bum out rate of combustible waste depends almost completely on the waste feeding rate, with little effect of operating temperature.
Sabariah Baharun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Coordinated Transformation for Fuzzy Autocatalytic Set of Fuzzy Graph Type-3
Journal of Mathematics and Statistics, 2015Co-Authors: Tahir Ahmad, Sabariah Baharun, Sumarni Abu Bakar, Faisal Abdurabu Mubarak BinjadhnanAbstract:Fuzzy Autocatalytic Set (FACS) of fuzzy graph Type-3 was established in the effort to describe the underlying phenomena of a clinical waste Incineration Process. Further research could be explored to scrutinize this concept especially in looking at its mathematical structure. In this paper, we highlighted the mathematical structures of FACS particularly on the algebraic structures of its matrix and graph. New definitions and theorems were generated through this investigation which leads to the visualization of the concept in Euclidean space. This visualization was accomplished through the transformation of non coordinated FACS to coordinated FACS in space. Eventually, the performance of coordinated FACS is then compared to the non-coordinated FACS in respect to the clinical waste Incineration Process.
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Application of graph theory on the relationship of the parameters affecting the dioxin furan emission in Incineration Process
2015Co-Authors: Sabariah Baharun, Mohd. Rashid Mohd. Yusof, Normah Maan, Wan Asma Awatif Wan DaudAbstract:The dioxin furan is byproducts of the Incineration Process in which becomes a major concern to the public. In this paper, the role of the influential parameters affecting the Dioxin Furan Emission (DFE) in the Incineration Process was discussed. A total of seven selected incinerators in Malaysia were considered in the study. The Incineration plant was categorized into the type of waste incinerated during the Process, i.e. sludge and biomedical waste. Six parameters comprise of temperature, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and moisture content were identified as the influential parameters affecting the DFE of the Incineration Process. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models were initially developed to relate the DFE and the influential parameters in each category of incinerators. These models served as the basis for the construction of the graphical models representing the interaction of the influential parameters in the Process. Centrality concept was then used on these graphical models to describe the role of the parameters in the Process.
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Graph Dynamics of Fuzzy Autocatalytic Set of Fuzzy Graph Type-3 of a Clinical Waste Incineration Process
Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Sumarni Abu Bakar, Tahir Ahmad, Sabariah BaharunAbstract:Fuzzy Autocatalytic Set of Fuzzy Graph Type-3 (FACS) has been successfully implemented in modeling clinical waste Incineration Process. Six important variables identified in the Process are represented as nodes and the catalytic relationships are represented by fuzzy edges in the graph. However, in this paper, graph dynamics of FACS is further investigated using left Perron vector of its transition matrix of fuzzy graph of FACS. This paper will highlight two important variables in the Incineration Process with regards to the actual Process.
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Evaluation of steady state vector of fuzzy autocatalytic set of fuzzy graph type-3 of an Incineration Process
WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics archive, 2010Co-Authors: Sumarni Abu Bakar, Tahir Ahmad, Sabariah BaharunAbstract:Fuzzy Autocatalytic Set (FACS) of Fuzzy Graph of Type-3 incorporates the concept of fuzzy, graph and autocatalytic set. It was initially defined and used in the modeling of a clinical waste Incineration Process which has produced more accurate results than using crisp graph. As it is a newly developed theory, FACS seems to have great potentials in generating new mathematical theory. This paper employs Markov chain to the evaluation of steady state of an Incineration Process. Novel definition of transition probability matrix of FACS is presented. Steady state vector of Markov chain for Incineration Process is determined and graph of convergence of its norm difference is presented. This study led to some relation of Markov Process and Perron-Frobenius Theorem.
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Convergence of Markov Process for fuzzy autocatalytic set of fuzzy graph type-3 of an Incineration Process
2010Co-Authors: Sumarni Abu Bakar, Tahir Ahmad, Sabariah BaharunAbstract:Fuzzy Autocatalytic Set (FACS) of Fuzzy Graph of Type-3 incorporates the concept of fuzzy, graph and autocatalytic set. It was initially defined and used in the modeling of a clinical waste Incineration Process which has produced more accurate results than using crisp graph. As it is a newly developed theory, FACS seems to have great potentials in generating new mathematical theories and structures that would enrich the theory itself. With this in mind, we have embarked the study into the Markovian approach. This paper applies the theory of classical Markov chain to the evaluation of steady state of an Incineration Process. New definition for transition probability matrix of FACS is presented. Two methods for obtaining steady state vector of Markov chain for Incineration Process are implemented. Our study on FACS with regard to the system led to some relation of a Markov Process and Perron-Frobenius Theorem for stochastic matrix.
P. Van Rompay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simulation of a slagging Incineration Process
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 1991Co-Authors: M.-y. Wey, Jan Degrève, P. Van RompayAbstract:Abstract A simplified model for the simulation of a high-temperature slagging Incineration Process, capable of predicting the temperature and composition distribution along the furnace, and the waste feeding rate has been developed. The simulation results indicate that the operating temperature does not have a significant effect on the outside wall temperature, and the waste channel plays an important role in insulating the furnace. The melting rate is affected by the operating chamber temperature but the bum out rate of combustible waste depends almost completely on the waste feeding rate, with little effect of operating temperature.
Fengyi Xia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermal behaviors and heavy metal vaporization of phosphatized tannery sludge in Incineration Process.
Journal of environmental sciences (China), 2008Co-Authors: Ping Tang, Youcai Zhao, Fengyi XiaAbstract:The high concentration of heavy metal (Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb) in tannery sludge causes severe heavy metal emissions in the Process of Incineration. In the present investigation, the tannery sludge was treated with 85% phosphoric acid before the Incineration Process in the tube furnace to control the heavy metal emissions. The thermal behavior and heavy metal vaporization of pre-treated tannery sludge were investigated, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were also implemented to elucidate the chemical mechanisms responsible for the thermal behavior and weakening of heavy metal vaporization of pre-treated tannery sludge. The results obtained show that the differences in thermal behaviors between untreated and pre-treated tannery sludge are caused by the reaction of phosphoric acid and calcium carbonate. The vaporization percentage of heavy metal decreased efficiently with the increasing volumes of H3PO4, which indicated the important thermal stability of the water-insoluble metallic phosphates (Ca18Cu3(PO4)14, Ca9Cr(PO4)7, Ca19Zn2(PO4)14, PbMgP2O7) formed during tannery sludge phosphatation.
Khalil Khanafer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Numerical analysis of the Incineration of polychlorinated biphenyl wastes in rotary kilns
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Ehab Hussein Bani-hani, Mahmoud Hammad, Ali Matar, Ahmad Sedaghat, Khalil KhanaferAbstract:Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) wastes are among hazardous wastes that must be incinerated for environmental and human health reasons. The Incineration Process of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) wastes in a rotary kiln are governed by a dynamic model consist of a set of nine stiff nonlinear equations. The dynamic model accounts for variations in composition of PCBs on number of chlorine atoms and Process conditions such as excess air, temperature and pressure of operation. To solve these equations, a MATLAB routine is written which is used to study the PCBs waste Incineration Processes. The results are presented and discussed on the holdups of ash, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, hydrochloric acid, methane, and gas at different conditions.
