The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jutta Heckhausen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invited Commentary: Societal Constraints and Individual Agency: Navigating Educational Transitions for Upward Mobility
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2020Co-Authors: Jutta HeckhausenAbstract:This article discusses three empirical studies of the role of Individual Agency in educational transitions in the conceptual framework of the motivational theory of lifespan development that integrates life-course sociological and life-span psychological perspectives. The educational systems in the U.K., the US, and Switzerland set up specific opportunities and constraints in their primary to secondary and secondary to tertiary educational tracks. Individual Agency plays out in different ways in these country- and transition-specific fields of action and accordingly enables or hinders Individual youths’ upward mobility. Early transitions into segregated secondary school systems are dominated by the influence of teachers and parents and tend to maintain social inequality. Later transitions into tertiary education are more open to Individual Agency that can substantially contribute to overcoming social inequalities in college admission. Finally, once enrolled in university, students have comparatively better opportunities to overcome disadvantages of their parents’ socio-economic status and educational background.
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Conceptualizing Individual Agency in the Transition from School to Work: A Social-Ecological Developmental Perspective
Adolescent Research Review, 2019Co-Authors: Ingrid Schoon, Jutta HeckhausenAbstract:This article addresses the ongoing debate on the role of Agency and structure in shaping the transition from school to work. Drawing on theories of life-course sociology and life-span psychology an integrated social-ecological developmental approach is presented, conceptualizing Individual Agency as a relational and intentional process that evolves through interactions with the wider socio-cultural context. Agency is understood as a multi-dimensional construct, influenced by multiple proximal and distal social circumstances that channel the manifestation of Agency by offering distinct transition pathways. The article specifies the ways how social structures support and constrain the development of Agency, and asks if Individual Agency can overcome social constraints, and to what extent and in what circumstances can Agency be most effective? It is argued that Agency is most influential (a) when social structures are flexible, enabling switching between tracks; (b) during critical windows of opportunity, such as during transitions from one educational track to another or from education into paid employment; (c) in situations when Individuals leave a pre-structured path; (d) when intentions are closely matched to Individual competencies; and (e) when socio-economic disadvantage is not overpowering. The analysis presented in this paper should enable researchers to expand and deepen their understanding of the role of structure and Agency in shaping school-to-work transitions and inform empirical research on the topic.
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can ambition help overcome social inequality in the transition to adulthood Individual Agency and societal opportunities in germany and the united states
Research in Human Development, 2009Co-Authors: Jutta Heckhausen, Esther S ChangAbstract:The regulation of human development requires the selection of developmental goals and focused investment of resources in their pursuit. Societally institutionalized and normative conceptions about developmental tasks and deadlines regulate some of this selectivity, but in modern societies with their substantial social mobility an important part is played by the Individual agent. Societies and their educational systems differ in the degree to which they constrain versus facilitate upward mobility. Accordingly, Individual goal setting is most effective when closely calibrated in societies with less permeable educational and vocational career paths. In contrast, goal setting that reflects high-flying ambitions is adaptive under societal conditions that offer greater permeability between educational tracks and that foster step-wise social climbing. Exemplary findings from two longitudinal studies of the transition from school to work and college and situated in two critically different societies, Germany and ...
David Phinnemore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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europeanization conditionality and domestic change the twinning exercise and administrative reform in romania
Journal of Common Market Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Dimitris Papadimitriou, David PhinnemoreAbstract:A key requirement of the countries of central and eastern Europe (CEECs) that wish to join the EU is that they develop the administrative capacity to implement effectively the acquis communautaire. The ‘twinning’ programme is designed to assist in this process. Drawing on experiences in Romania, and linking these to debates on Europeanization, this article argues that the success of twinning to date is related to the design of the programme, institutional fluidity and politicization within central administration, the Individual Agency and the reform commitment of those hosting twinning projects.
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europeanization conditionality and domestic change the twinning exercise and administrative reform in romania
Journal of Common Market Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Dimitris Papadimitriou, David PhinnemoreAbstract:A key requirement of the countries of central and eastern Europe (CEECs) that wish to join the EU is that they develop the administrative capacity to implement effectively the acquis communautaire. The ‘twinning’ programme is designed to assist in this process. Drawing on experiences in Romania, and linking these to debates on Europeanization, this article argues that the success of twinning to date is related to the design of the programme, institutional fluidity and politicization within central administration, the Individual Agency and the reform commitment of those hosting twinning projects.
Roland Littlewood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychopathology and personal Agency modernity culture change and eating disorders in south asian societies
British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: Roland LittlewoodAbstract:The cultural contribution to psychopathology may become more salient in situations of social change, but it remains difficult to distinguish Individual Agency among wider social and economic transitions, such as ‘modernization’ or simply ‘culture change’, which carry the potential for recourse to new patterns. Eating disorders, a biosocial pattern once identified exclusively with European societies, do occur among South Asian women including those living in the West. This seems not just a simple appropriation of contemporary Western ideals of female morphology — the ‘fear of fatness’ — but a reassertion of an instrumental strategy of self-renunciation in situations of experienced constraint.
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psychopathology and personal Agency modernity culture change and eating disorders in south asian societies
British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: Roland LittlewoodAbstract:The cultural contribution to psychopathology may become more salient in situations of social change, but it remains difficult to distinguish Individual Agency among wider social and economic transitions, such as 'modernization' or simply 'culture change', which carry the potential for recourse to new patterns. Eating disorders, a biosocial pattern once identified exclusively with European societies, do occur among South Asian women including those living in the West. This seems not just a simple appropriation of contemporary Western ideals of female morphology--the 'fear of fatness'-but a reassertion of an instrumental strategy of self-renunciation in situations of experienced constraint.
Benedict W Wheeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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green space health and wellbeing making space for Individual Agency
Health & Place, 2014Co-Authors: Sarah L Bell, Cassandra Phoenix, Rebecca Lovell, Benedict W WheelerAbstract:This essay examines the assumptions of green space use underpinning much existing green space and health research. It considers opportunities to move the field forward through exploring two often overlooked aspects of Individual Agency: the influence of shifting life circumstances on personal wellbeing priorities and place practices, and the role of personal orientations to nature in shaping how green space wellbeing opportunities are perceived and experienced. It suggests such efforts could provide more nuanced insights into the complex, personal factors that define and drive Individual choices regarding the use of green spaces for wellbeing over time, thereby strengthening our understanding of the salutogenic potential (and limits) of green spaces.
Dimitris Papadimitriou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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europeanization conditionality and domestic change the twinning exercise and administrative reform in romania
Journal of Common Market Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Dimitris Papadimitriou, David PhinnemoreAbstract:A key requirement of the countries of central and eastern Europe (CEECs) that wish to join the EU is that they develop the administrative capacity to implement effectively the acquis communautaire. The ‘twinning’ programme is designed to assist in this process. Drawing on experiences in Romania, and linking these to debates on Europeanization, this article argues that the success of twinning to date is related to the design of the programme, institutional fluidity and politicization within central administration, the Individual Agency and the reform commitment of those hosting twinning projects.
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europeanization conditionality and domestic change the twinning exercise and administrative reform in romania
Journal of Common Market Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Dimitris Papadimitriou, David PhinnemoreAbstract:A key requirement of the countries of central and eastern Europe (CEECs) that wish to join the EU is that they develop the administrative capacity to implement effectively the acquis communautaire. The ‘twinning’ programme is designed to assist in this process. Drawing on experiences in Romania, and linking these to debates on Europeanization, this article argues that the success of twinning to date is related to the design of the programme, institutional fluidity and politicization within central administration, the Individual Agency and the reform commitment of those hosting twinning projects.
