The Experts below are selected from a list of 413796 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hannah M. Buchanan-smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effects of Individual cubicle research on the social interactions and Individual Behavior of brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella).
American Journal of Primatology, 2015Co-Authors: Suzanne Ruby, Hannah M. Buchanan-smithAbstract:Primates are increasingly being tested Individually in purpose-built research centers within zoos. The voluntary nature of research testing indicates that participation is enriching for the primate subjects, but previous studies have generally focused only on stress-related Behavior, indicating that the research does not have a negative effect. Few data are available on the effects that Individual research may have on social Behavior, yet given primates' complex social lives and their responses to how conspecifics are treated, it is important to determine whether Individual testing impacts upon their social interactions. The current study compared the social and Individual Behavior of 11 brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) between three conditions: (1) directly after undergoing Individual testing, (2) a control, and (3) upon returning to the group having voluntarily left. The results indicate that Individual and stress-related Behaviors were affected very little by Individual research testing and that social Behaviors increased. However, although affiliative interactions were enhanced, aggressive interactions were also seen to increase in the condition following Individual testing compared with the return to group condition. Suggestions for minimizing the negative interactions are given. Provided that these suggestions are taken into account by researchers, our results provide support for developing research centers within zoos given the important findings emerging on our closest living relatives, combined with the potentially positive effects the research has on their welfare. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1097–1108, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suzanne Ruby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effects of Individual cubicle research on the social interactions and Individual Behavior of brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella).
American Journal of Primatology, 2015Co-Authors: Suzanne Ruby, Hannah M. Buchanan-smithAbstract:Primates are increasingly being tested Individually in purpose-built research centers within zoos. The voluntary nature of research testing indicates that participation is enriching for the primate subjects, but previous studies have generally focused only on stress-related Behavior, indicating that the research does not have a negative effect. Few data are available on the effects that Individual research may have on social Behavior, yet given primates' complex social lives and their responses to how conspecifics are treated, it is important to determine whether Individual testing impacts upon their social interactions. The current study compared the social and Individual Behavior of 11 brown capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) between three conditions: (1) directly after undergoing Individual testing, (2) a control, and (3) upon returning to the group having voluntarily left. The results indicate that Individual and stress-related Behaviors were affected very little by Individual research testing and that social Behaviors increased. However, although affiliative interactions were enhanced, aggressive interactions were also seen to increase in the condition following Individual testing compared with the return to group condition. Suggestions for minimizing the negative interactions are given. Provided that these suggestions are taken into account by researchers, our results provide support for developing research centers within zoos given the important findings emerging on our closest living relatives, combined with the potentially positive effects the research has on their welfare. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1097–1108, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steven N. Durlauf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Framework For The Study of Individual Behavior and Social Interactions
Sociological Methodology, 2001Co-Authors: Steven N. DurlaufAbstract:Recent work in economics has begun to integrate sociological ideas into the modeling of Individual Behavior. In particular, this new approach emphasizes how social context and social interdependences influence the ways in which Individuals make choices. This paper provides an overview of an approach to integrating theoretical and empirical analysis of such environments. The analysis is based on a framework due to Brock and Durlauf (2001, forthcoming). Empirical evidence on behalf of this perspective is assessed and some policy implications are explored.
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A framework for the study of Individual Behavior and social interactions
2000Co-Authors: Steven N. DurlaufAbstract:Recent work in economics has begun to integrate sociological ideas onto the modelling of Individual Behavior. In particular, this new approach emphasizes how social context and social interdependences influence the ways in which Individuals make choices. This paper provides an overview of an approach to integrating theoretical and empirical analysis of such environments. The analysis is based on a framework due to Brock and Durlauf (2000a, 2000b). Empirical evidence on behalf of this perspective is assessed and some policy implications are explored. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
Matthias Sutter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Individual Behavior and group membership comment
The American Economic Review, 2009Co-Authors: Matthias SutterAbstract:Charness et al. (2007b) have shown that group membership has a strong effect on Individual decisions in strategic games when group membership is salient through payoff commonality. In this comment I show that their findings also apply to non-strategic decisions, even when no outgroup exists, and I relate the effects of group membership on Individual decisions to joint decision making in teams. I find in an investment experiment that Individual decisions with salient group membership are largely the same as team decisions. This finding bridges the literature on team decision making and on group membership effects. (JEL C91, C92, D71)
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Individual Behavior and group membership comment
Jena Economic Research Papers, 2008Co-Authors: Matthias SutterAbstract:Charness et al. (2007) have shown that group membership has a strong effect on Individual decisions in strategic games when group membership is salient through payoff commonality. In this comment I show that their findings also apply to non-strategic decisions, even when no outgroup exists, and I relate the effects of group membership on Individual decisions to joint decision making in teams. I find in an investment experiment that Individual decisions with salient group membership are largely the same as team decisions. This finding bridges the literature on team decision making and on group membership effects.
Elad Schneidman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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discrete modes of social information processing predict Individual Behavior of fish in a group
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017Co-Authors: Roy Harpaz, Gasper Tkacik, Elad SchneidmanAbstract:Abstract Individual computations and social interactions underlying collective Behavior in groups of animals are of great ethological, Behavioral, and theoretical interest. While complex Individual Behaviors have successfully been parsed into small dictionaries of stereotyped Behavioral modes, studies of collective Behavior largely ignored these findings; instead, their focus was on inferring single, mode-independent social interaction rules that reproduced macroscopic and often qualitative features of group Behavior. Here, we bring these two approaches together to predict Individual swimming patterns of adult zebrafish in a group. We show that fish alternate between an “active” mode, in which they are sensitive to the swimming patterns of conspecifics, and a “passive” mode, where they ignore them. Using a model that accounts for these two modes explicitly, we predict Behaviors of Individual fish with high accuracy, outperforming previous approaches that assumed a single continuous computation by Individuals and simple metric or topological weighing of neighbors’ Behavior. At the group level, switching between active and passive modes is uncorrelated among fish, but correlated directional swimming Behavior still emerges. Our quantitative approach for studying complex, multimodal Individual Behavior jointly with emergent group Behavior is readily extensible to additional Behavioral modes and their neural correlates as well as to other species.
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discrete modes of social information processing predict Individual Behavior of fish in a group
arXiv: Neurons and Cognition, 2017Co-Authors: Roy Harpaz, Gasper Tkacik, Elad SchneidmanAbstract:Individual computations and social interactions underlying collective Behavior in groups of animals are of great ethological, Behavioral, and theoretical interest. While complex Individual Behaviors have successfully been parsed into small dictionaries of stereotyped Behavioral modes, studies of collective Behavior largely ignored these findings; instead, their focus was on inferring single, mode-independent social interaction rules that reproduced macroscopic and often qualitative features of group Behavior. Here we bring these two approaches together to predict Individual swimming patterns of adult zebrafish in a group. We show that fish alternate between an active mode in which they are sensitive to the swimming patterns of conspecifics, and a passive mode where they ignore them. Using a model that accounts for these two modes explicitly, we predict Behaviors of Individual fish with high accuracy, outperforming previous approaches that assumed a single continuous computation by Individuals and simple metric or topological weighing of neighbors Behavior. At the group level, switching between active and passive modes is uncorrelated among fish, yet correlated directional swimming Behavior still emerges. Our quantitative approach for studying complex, multi-modal Individual Behavior jointly with emergent group Behavior is readily extensible to additional Behavioral modes and their neural correlates, as well as to other species.
