The Experts below are selected from a list of 2742 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Carlo Ratti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of social segregation on human mobility in developing and Industrialized regions
    EPJ Data Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Alexander Amini, Kevin S Kung, Chaogui Kang, Stanislav Sobolevsky, Carlo Ratti
    Abstract:

    This study leverages mobile phone data to analyze human mobility patterns in a developing Nation, especially in comparison to those of a more Industrialized Nation. Developing regions, such as the Ivory Coast, are marked by a number of factors that may influence mobility, such as less infrastructural coverage and maturity, less economic resources and stability, and in some cases, more cultural and language-based diversity. By comparing mobile phone data collected from the Ivory Coast to similar data collected in Portugal, we are able to highlight both qualitative and quantitative differences in mobility patterns - such as differences in likelihood to travel, as well as in the time required to travel - that are relevant to consideration on policy, infrastructure, and economic development. Our study illustrates how cultural and linguistic diversity in developing regions (such as Ivory Coast) can present challenges to mobility models that perform well and were conceptualized in less culturally diverse regions. Finally, we address these challenges by proposing novel techniques to assess the strength of borders in a regional partitioning scheme and to quantify the impact of border strength on mobility model accuracy.

Alexander Amini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impact of social segregation on human mobility in developing and Industrialized regions
    EPJ Data Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Alexander Amini, Kevin S Kung, Chaogui Kang, Stanislav Sobolevsky, Carlo Ratti
    Abstract:

    This study leverages mobile phone data to analyze human mobility patterns in a developing Nation, especially in comparison to those of a more Industrialized Nation. Developing regions, such as the Ivory Coast, are marked by a number of factors that may influence mobility, such as less infrastructural coverage and maturity, less economic resources and stability, and in some cases, more cultural and language-based diversity. By comparing mobile phone data collected from the Ivory Coast to similar data collected in Portugal, we are able to highlight both qualitative and quantitative differences in mobility patterns - such as differences in likelihood to travel, as well as in the time required to travel - that are relevant to consideration on policy, infrastructure, and economic development. Our study illustrates how cultural and linguistic diversity in developing regions (such as Ivory Coast) can present challenges to mobility models that perform well and were conceptualized in less culturally diverse regions. Finally, we address these challenges by proposing novel techniques to assess the strength of borders in a regional partitioning scheme and to quantify the impact of border strength on mobility model accuracy.

Jonsén Pär - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Full-Scale Simulation and Validation of Wear for a Mining Rope Shovel Bucket
    'MDPI AG', 2021
    Co-Authors: Svanberg Andreas, Larsson Simon, Mäki Rikard, Jonsén Pär
    Abstract:

    Failure in industrial processes is often related to wear and can cause significant problems. It is estimated that approximately 1–4% of the gross National product for an Industrialized Nation is related to abrasive wear. This work aims to numerically predict development of wear for full-scale mining applications in harsh sub-arctic conditions. The purpose is to increase the understanding of wear development in industrial processes and optimize service life and minimize costs related to wear. In the present paper, a granular material model consisting of the discrete element method (DEM) and rigid finite element particles is utilized to study wear in full-scale mining applications where granular materials and steel structures are present. A wear model with the basis in Finnie’s wear model is developed to calculate wear from combined abrasive sliding and impact wear. Novel in situ full-scale experiments are presented for calibration of the wear model. A simulation model of the rope shovel loading process is set up where the bucket filling process is simulated several times, and the wear is calculated with the calibrated wear model. From the full-scale validation, it is shown that the simulated wear is in excellent agreement when compared to the experiments, both regarding wear locations and magnitudes. After validation, the model is utilized to study if wear can be minimized by making small changes to the bucket. One major conclusion from the work is that the presented wear simulator is a suitable tool that can be used for product development and optimization of the loading process.Validerad;2021;Nivå 2;2021-06-16 (alebob);Finansiär: KIC RawMaterials (17152)

Pär Jonsén - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Full-Scale Simulation and Validation of Wear for a Mining Rope Shovel Bucket
    'MDPI AG', 2021
    Co-Authors: Andreas Svanberg, Simon Larsson, Rikard Mäki, Pär Jonsén
    Abstract:

    Failure in industrial processes is often related to wear and can cause significant problems. It is estimated that approximately 1–4% of the gross National product for an Industrialized Nation is related to abrasive wear. This work aims to numerically predict development of wear for full-scale mining applications in harsh sub-arctic conditions. The purpose is to increase the understanding of wear development in industrial processes and optimize service life and minimize costs related to wear. In the present paper, a granular material model consisting of the discrete element method (DEM) and rigid finite element particles is utilized to study wear in full-scale mining applications where granular materials and steel structures are present. A wear model with the basis in Finnie’s wear model is developed to calculate wear from combined abrasive sliding and impact wear. Novel in situ full-scale experiments are presented for calibration of the wear model. A simulation model of the rope shovel loading process is set up where the bucket filling process is simulated several times, and the wear is calculated with the calibrated wear model. From the full-scale validation, it is shown that the simulated wear is in excellent agreement when compared to the experiments, both regarding wear locations and magnitudes. After validation, the model is utilized to study if wear can be minimized by making small changes to the bucket. One major conclusion from the work is that the presented wear simulator is a suitable tool that can be used for product development and optimization of the loading process

Ellrodt Grace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Internamente Solo: Escuchando y Resistiendo La Soledad de Adultos Mayores en La Araucanía, Chile / Internally Alone: Hearing and Resisting the Loneliness of Seniors in La Araucanía, Chile
    SIT Digital Collections, 2019
    Co-Authors: Ellrodt Grace
    Abstract:

    Research Question: Which current patterns drive or diminish loneliness among seniors of the Region of the Araucanía in the city of Temuco and surrounding rural communes? Objectives: Understand and interpret the roots and the antidotes of the loneliness phenomenon experienced by seniors in Temuco and surrounding communes in the present moment. Identify and analyze the drivers of pathological elder loneliness in structural, intermediary, and proximal factors. Highlight the perspectives and narratives of seniors, community leaders, and health resources with respect to strategies to reduce the crisis. Background: Currently, the population of seniors has risen and will continue to rise in Chile due to the epidemiological transition of the recently Industrialized Nation. The burden on state and municipal resources to support an aging population is tremendous and serious. The problem of discriminatory conceptions of health in advanced age, together with the resource burden, has limited the action of health professionals. The ubiquity and tremendous damage of loneliness which have been discovered bring to light the need to pay attention to loneliness as a powerful pathology, which deserves careful attention. Experts increasingly discuss the role of situational factors in loneliness, including internal loneliness. This study intends to theorize loneliness through the emerging dialogue about social infrastructure, hard and soft, with the purpose of situating responses elder loneliness. Considerations of the meaning of life will be used to understand the efficacy of existing and potential social infrastructure. Methodology: A qualitative investigation was conducted in May of 2019, focused on seniors living in Temuco, the urban zone of the region, and certain surrounding rural communes. 11 interviews were conducted with seniors individually or in pairs, with a variety living situations and socioeconomic and cultural profiles. 3 focus groups were conducted with a total of 30 people. Finally, 4 interviews with professionals and local leaders who represent facets of social infrastructure. These interviews were used to thematically analyze the origins and interventions in loneliness suggested by the case studies of seniors. Results: The internal loneliness of seniors within the identified population is provoked by the interruption of the life philosophy held by the senior. This pattern is seen in the relationships between seniors and their children, grandchildren, and outside of the familiar sphere, including in their medical attention. Therefore, this pattern is repeated in three spheres of environmental influence, structural, intermediary, and proximal. Interventions through social infrastructure, hard and soft, are a particularly promising instruments for intervention, such as guaranteeing seniors recreational, emotional, and intellectual resources which promote the realization of their values. Conclusions: The main thrust of the results is that in the region, elder loneliness must be discussed as a public health threat, around which health and community resources have and should mobilize. Specifically, health resources, conceived holistically, must diagnose pathological loneliness and prescribe treatment, through the use of identified social infrastructure. Problema: ¿Cuáles patrones actuales impulsan o disminuyen la soledad entre adultos mayores de Región de La Araucanía, Chile, en la cuidad de Temuco y comunas rurales de alrededor? Objetivo: Comprender e interpretar las raíces y los antídotos del fenómeno de la soledad que experimentan los adultos mayores en Temuco y comunas circundantes, en la actualidad. Identificar y analizar los impulsores de la soledad patológica de anciano en factores estructurales, intermedios, y próximos. Destacar las perspectivas y narrativas de adultos mayores, líderes comunitarias, y recursos de salud con respeto a estrategias para disminuir la crisis. Antecedentes: Actualmente, la población de adultos mayores ha aumentado y va a seguir aumentado en Chile a causa de la transición epidemiológica del país recién industrializado. La cepa en los recursos del estado y de municipalidades apoyar a una población envejeciendo es tremendo y serio. El problema de concepciones discriminatorias de la salud en la vejez, junto con la cepa en los recursos, ha limitado la acción de profesionales de salud. La ubicuidad y daño tremendo de la soledad que han sido descubiertos sacaran a la luz la necesidad prestar atención a la soledad como una patología poderosa, que se merece atención cuidadosa. Expertos discuten cada vez más el papel de los factores situacionales de la soledad, incluso la soledad interna. Este estudio pretende teorizar la soledad a través del diálogo emergente sobre la infraestructura social, dura y blanda, con el fin de situar las respuestas a la soledad de anciano. Consideraciones del sentido de la vida se utilizará entender la eficacia de infraestructura social actual y potencial. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación cualitativo en mayo de 2019, enfocada en adultos mayores viviendo en Temuco, la zona urbana de la región, y ciertos comunas rurales circundantes. Se cumplió 11 entrevistas con adultos mayores, individuales o en pares, con varios situaciones de vida, y perfiles socioeconómicos y culturales. Se llevó a cabo 3 grupos de sondeo, con un total de 30 personas. Finalmente, se realizó 4 entrevistas con profesionales y dirigentes locales que representan elementos de infraestructura social. Estas entrevistas se utilizó para analizar temáticamente los origines e las intervenciones en la soledad surgidas por los casos de estudio de adultos mayores. Resultados: La soledad interna de adultos mayores a dentro de la población identificada se provocó por la injerencia de la filosofía de la vida que sostiene la persona mayor. Se ve este patrón a dentro de relaciones entre adultos mayores y sus hijos, sus nietos, y, afuera del ámbito familiar, incluso en su atención médica. Por eso, este patrón se repitió a través de los tres niveles de influencia ambiental, estructural, intermedio, y próximo. Las intervenciones a través de infraestructura social, dura y blanda, son instrumentos particularmente prometedores para la intervención, como garantizar el acceso de ancianos a recursos recreativos, afectivos, e intelectuales que promuevan la realización de sus valores. Conclusiones: El empuje principal de los resultados es que en la región, hay que discutir la soledad de anciano como una amenaza para la salud pública, alrededor de la cual los recursos de salud y comunitarios tienen y deben movilizarse. Específicamente, recursos de la salud, definida de manera holística, tienen que diagnosticar la soledad patológica y prescribir tratamiento, a través del uso de infraestructura social identificada