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Barbara Cannon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Special Review Series - Biogenesis and Physiological Adaptation of Mitochondria The 'novel' 'uncoupling' proteins UCP2 and UCP3: what do they really do? Pros and cons for suggested functions
2011Co-Authors: Jan Nedergaard, Barbara CannonAbstract:The scientifically novel, but evolutionarily ancient, so-called uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2, UCP3) are structually similar to the archetypical uncoupling protein UCP1. A series of suggestions have been forwarded for their physiological function. We discuss systematically here the pros and cons for these suggestions. We conclude that the novel UCPs do not seem to be physiologically relevant uncoupling proteins; the uncoupling property was apparently a late introduction into the subfamily through the evolution of UCP1. Physiological functions ascribed to UCP2 and UCP3 based on their purported uncoupling property may have to be revised (i.e. any type of thermogenesis, including protection against obesity, protection against the formation of reactive oxygen species and thermogenic involvement in the fever response). The presence of a mixed genetic background in most published studies of UCP2 or UCP3 gene-ablated mice also means that data concerning marked differences in diabetes propensity, Infection Sensitivity and production of reactive oxygen species may require confirmation in backcrossed mice. The increased expression of UCP2 and UCP3 under conditions of increased fatty acid metabolism implies an as yet undefined role in lipid metabolism. Thus, the novel UCPs should probably be considered as mitochondrial carriers, and the challenge now is to identify the transported
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The ‘Novel’‘Uncoupling’ Proteins UCP2 and UCP3: What Do They Really do? Pros and Cons for Suggested Functions
Experimental physiology, 2003Co-Authors: Jan Nedergaard, Barbara CannonAbstract:The scientifically novel, but evolutionarily ancient, so-called uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2, UCP3) are structurally similar to the archetypical uncoupling protein UCP1. A series of suggestions have been forwarded for their physiological function. We discuss systematically here the pros and cons for these suggestions. We conclude that the novel UCPs do not seem to be physiologically relevant uncoupling proteins; the uncoupling property was apparently a late introduction into the subfamily through the evolution of UCP1. Physiological functions ascribed to UCP2 and UCP3 based on their purported uncoupling property may have to be revised (i.e. any type of thermogenesis, including protection against obesity, protection against the formation of reactive oxygen species and thermogenic involvement in the fever response). The presence of a mixed genetic background in most published studies of UCP2 or UCP3 gene-ablated mice also means that data concerning marked differences in diabetes propensity, Infection Sensitivity and production of reactive oxygen species may require confirmation in backcrossed mice. The increased expression of UCP2 and UCP3 under conditions of increased fatty acid metabolism implies an as yet undefined role in lipid metabolism. Thus, the novel UCPs should probably be considered as mitochondrial carriers, and the challenge now is to identify the transported molecule.
W. J. Goodger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrigendum to "A linear programming assessment of the profit from strategies to reduce the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis" [Prev. Vet. Med. 33 (1998) 183-193].
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Lydia Zepeda, Kenneth L. Buelow, K.v. Nordlund, Chester B. Thomas, Michael T. Collins, W. J. GoodgerAbstract:We used a linear programming model to estimate the financial returns to a Staphylococcus aureus testing and control program over a 1-year period for a 100-cow herd, with a 8636kg rolling-herd average. Six tests, which vary in Sensitivity from 0.80 to 0.98 and specificity of 0.99, were examined in simulated herds with 10, 20, and 30% prevalence of S. aureus Infection. Sensitivity of these results to a range of assumptions regarding rolling-herd average, milk price, somatic cell-count premium, and cost and cure rate of dry treatment were examined to determine the profits from the program. The profits of a control program are most dependent upon prevalence and cell-count premium. In our simulation for a 100-cow herd, a testing and control program results in a profit ranging from US$1.50 to US$20 per cow per year, except under the lowest prevalence and most-adverse conditions (low yield or low SCC premium).
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A linear programming assessment of the profit from strategies to reduce the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis
Preventive veterinary medicine, 1998Co-Authors: Lydia Zepeda, Kenneth L. Buelow, K.v. Nordlund, Chester B. Thomas, Michael T. Collins, W. J. GoodgerAbstract:Abstract We used a linear programming model to estimate the financial returns to a Staphylococcus aureus testing and control program over a 1-year period for a 100-cow herd, with a 8636-kg rolling-herd average. Six tests, which vary in Sensitivity from 0.80 to 0.98 and specificity of 0.99, were examined in simulated herds with 10, 20 and 30% prevalence of S. aureus Infection. Sensitivity of these results to a range of assumptions regarding rolling-herd average, milk price, somatic cell-count premium, and cost and cure rate of dry treatment were examined to determine the profits from the program. The profits of a control program are most dependent upon prevalence, cell-count premium, and cost of dry treatment. In our simulation for a 100-cow herd, a testing and control program appears to cost less than US$10 per cow per year, and pays for itself within 1 yr, except under the lowest prevalence and most-adverse conditions (low yield, high cost of dry treatment, or low SCC premium).
Keertan Dheda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sensitivity of c tb a novel rd 1 specific skin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis Infection
European Respiratory Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Soren T Hoff, Pernille N Tingskov, Henrik Aggerbeck, Morten Ruhwald, Jonathan G Peter, Grant Theron, Mellissa Pascoe, Daniel Kolbus, Peter Andersen, Keertan DhedaAbstract:C-Tb, a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target/10-kDa culture filtrate protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10)-specific skin test, has high specificity in bacille Calmette–Guerin-vaccinated healthy controls. However, the Sensitivity of C-Tb has hitherto not been determined. The objective was to determine the Sensitivity of C-Tb in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT). C-Tb and TST were randomly administered in a double-blinded fashion to one or the other forearm in 253 patients with active TB with or without HIV co-Infection. QFT-GIT testing was performed prior to skin testing. Using a receiver operating characteristic curve-derived cut-point of 5 mm, C-Tb Sensitivity was similar to QFT-GIT (73.9 (95% CI 67.8–79.3) versus 75.1 (95% CI 69.3–80.2)), and similar in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients (76.7 (95% CI 69.0–83.3) versus 69.5 (95% CI 59.2–78.5)). However, Sensitivity was significantly diminished in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts <100 cells·mm–3. C-Tb and QFT-GIT combined had significantly higher Sensitivity than C-Tb alone (p<0.0001). C-Tb was safe with no significant adverse events. The 5 mm cut-point corresponded to that found in the previously published specificity study (TESEC-04). C-Tb has similar Sensitivity compared with QFT-GIT for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis Infection. Sensitivity was reduced only in HIV-infected patients with severe immunosuppression. Further studies in different settings are required to validate the proposed 5 mm cut-point. C-Tb has similar Sensitivity compared with QFT-GIT for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis Infection
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Sensitivity of c tb a novel rd 1 specific skin test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis Infection
European Respiratory Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Soren T Hoff, Pernille N Tingskov, Henrik Aggerbeck, Morten Ruhwald, Grant Theron, Mellissa Pascoe, Daniel Kolbus, Peter Andersen, Jonathan Peter, Keertan DhedaAbstract:C-Tb, a novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target/10-kDa culture filtrate protein (ESAT-6/CFP-10)-specific skin test, has high specificity in bacille Calmette-Guerin-vaccinated healthy controls. However, the Sensitivity of C-Tb has hitherto not been determined. The objective was to determine the Sensitivity of C-Tb in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT).C-Tb and TST were randomly administered in a double-blinded fashion to one or the other forearm in 253 patients with active TB with or without HIV co-Infection. QFT-GIT testing was performed prior to skin testing.Using a receiver operating characteristic curve-derived cut-point of 5 mm, C-Tb Sensitivity was similar to QFT-GIT (73.9 (95% CI 67.8-79.3) versus 75.1 (95% CI 69.3-80.2)), and similar in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients (76.7 (95% CI 69.0-83.3) versus 69.5 (95% CI 59.2-78.5)). However, Sensitivity was significantly diminished in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts <100 cells·mm(-3). C-Tb and QFT-GIT combined had significantly higher Sensitivity than C-Tb alone (p<0.0001). C-Tb was safe with no significant adverse events. The 5 mm cut-point corresponded to that found in the previously published specificity study (TESEC-04).C-Tb has similar Sensitivity compared with QFT-GIT for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis Infection. Sensitivity was reduced only in HIV-infected patients with severe immunosuppression. Further studies in different settings are required to validate the proposed 5 mm cut-point.
Jan Nedergaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Special Review Series - Biogenesis and Physiological Adaptation of Mitochondria The 'novel' 'uncoupling' proteins UCP2 and UCP3: what do they really do? Pros and cons for suggested functions
2011Co-Authors: Jan Nedergaard, Barbara CannonAbstract:The scientifically novel, but evolutionarily ancient, so-called uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2, UCP3) are structually similar to the archetypical uncoupling protein UCP1. A series of suggestions have been forwarded for their physiological function. We discuss systematically here the pros and cons for these suggestions. We conclude that the novel UCPs do not seem to be physiologically relevant uncoupling proteins; the uncoupling property was apparently a late introduction into the subfamily through the evolution of UCP1. Physiological functions ascribed to UCP2 and UCP3 based on their purported uncoupling property may have to be revised (i.e. any type of thermogenesis, including protection against obesity, protection against the formation of reactive oxygen species and thermogenic involvement in the fever response). The presence of a mixed genetic background in most published studies of UCP2 or UCP3 gene-ablated mice also means that data concerning marked differences in diabetes propensity, Infection Sensitivity and production of reactive oxygen species may require confirmation in backcrossed mice. The increased expression of UCP2 and UCP3 under conditions of increased fatty acid metabolism implies an as yet undefined role in lipid metabolism. Thus, the novel UCPs should probably be considered as mitochondrial carriers, and the challenge now is to identify the transported
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The ‘Novel’‘Uncoupling’ Proteins UCP2 and UCP3: What Do They Really do? Pros and Cons for Suggested Functions
Experimental physiology, 2003Co-Authors: Jan Nedergaard, Barbara CannonAbstract:The scientifically novel, but evolutionarily ancient, so-called uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 (UCP2, UCP3) are structurally similar to the archetypical uncoupling protein UCP1. A series of suggestions have been forwarded for their physiological function. We discuss systematically here the pros and cons for these suggestions. We conclude that the novel UCPs do not seem to be physiologically relevant uncoupling proteins; the uncoupling property was apparently a late introduction into the subfamily through the evolution of UCP1. Physiological functions ascribed to UCP2 and UCP3 based on their purported uncoupling property may have to be revised (i.e. any type of thermogenesis, including protection against obesity, protection against the formation of reactive oxygen species and thermogenic involvement in the fever response). The presence of a mixed genetic background in most published studies of UCP2 or UCP3 gene-ablated mice also means that data concerning marked differences in diabetes propensity, Infection Sensitivity and production of reactive oxygen species may require confirmation in backcrossed mice. The increased expression of UCP2 and UCP3 under conditions of increased fatty acid metabolism implies an as yet undefined role in lipid metabolism. Thus, the novel UCPs should probably be considered as mitochondrial carriers, and the challenge now is to identify the transported molecule.
Lydia Zepeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrigendum to "A linear programming assessment of the profit from strategies to reduce the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis" [Prev. Vet. Med. 33 (1998) 183-193].
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Lydia Zepeda, Kenneth L. Buelow, K.v. Nordlund, Chester B. Thomas, Michael T. Collins, W. J. GoodgerAbstract:We used a linear programming model to estimate the financial returns to a Staphylococcus aureus testing and control program over a 1-year period for a 100-cow herd, with a 8636kg rolling-herd average. Six tests, which vary in Sensitivity from 0.80 to 0.98 and specificity of 0.99, were examined in simulated herds with 10, 20, and 30% prevalence of S. aureus Infection. Sensitivity of these results to a range of assumptions regarding rolling-herd average, milk price, somatic cell-count premium, and cost and cure rate of dry treatment were examined to determine the profits from the program. The profits of a control program are most dependent upon prevalence and cell-count premium. In our simulation for a 100-cow herd, a testing and control program results in a profit ranging from US$1.50 to US$20 per cow per year, except under the lowest prevalence and most-adverse conditions (low yield or low SCC premium).
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A linear programming assessment of the profit from strategies to reduce the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis
Preventive veterinary medicine, 1998Co-Authors: Lydia Zepeda, Kenneth L. Buelow, K.v. Nordlund, Chester B. Thomas, Michael T. Collins, W. J. GoodgerAbstract:Abstract We used a linear programming model to estimate the financial returns to a Staphylococcus aureus testing and control program over a 1-year period for a 100-cow herd, with a 8636-kg rolling-herd average. Six tests, which vary in Sensitivity from 0.80 to 0.98 and specificity of 0.99, were examined in simulated herds with 10, 20 and 30% prevalence of S. aureus Infection. Sensitivity of these results to a range of assumptions regarding rolling-herd average, milk price, somatic cell-count premium, and cost and cure rate of dry treatment were examined to determine the profits from the program. The profits of a control program are most dependent upon prevalence, cell-count premium, and cost of dry treatment. In our simulation for a 100-cow herd, a testing and control program appears to cost less than US$10 per cow per year, and pays for itself within 1 yr, except under the lowest prevalence and most-adverse conditions (low yield, high cost of dry treatment, or low SCC premium).