The Experts below are selected from a list of 7221 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Timo Hannu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reactive Arthritis or post Infectious Arthritis
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology, 2006Co-Authors: Kaisa Granfors, Robert D Inman, Timo Hannu, M LeirisalorepoAbstract:The term 'reactive Arthritis' was first used in 1969 to describe the development of sterile inflammatory Arthritis as a sequel to remote infection, often in the gastrointestinal or urogenital tract. The demonstration of antigenic material (e.g. Salmonella and Yersinia lipopolysaccharide), DNA and RNA, and, in occasional cases, evidence of metabolically active Chlamydia spp. in the joints has blurred the boundary between reactive and post-Infectious forms of Arthritis. No validated and generally agreed diagnostic criteria exist, but the diagnosis of reactive Arthritis is mainly clinical based on acute oligoarticular Arthritis of larger joints that develops within 2-4 weeks of the preceding infection. In about 25% of patients, the infection can be asymptomatic. Diagnosis of the triggering infection is very helpful for the diagnosis of reactive Arthritis. This is mainly achieved by isolating the triggering infection (stools, urogenital tract) by cultures (stool cultures for enteric microbes) or ligase reaction (Chlamydia trachomatis). However, after the onset of Arthritis, this is less likely to be possible. Therefore, the diagnosis must rely on various serological tests to demonstrate evidence of previous infection, but, these serological tests are unfortunately not standardized. Treatment with antibiotics to cure Chlamydia infection is important, but the use of either short or prolonged courses of antibiotics in established Arthritis has not been found to be effective for the cure of Arthritis. The long-term outcome of reactive Arthritis is usually good; however, about 25-50% of patients, depending on the triggering infections and possible new infections, subsequently develop acute Arthritis. About 25% of patients proceed to chronic spondyloArthritis of varying activity.
Roig D Escofet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infectious Arthritis in patients with rheumatoid Arthritis
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 1992Co-Authors: Mateo L Soria, Miquel Nolla J Sole, Rozadilla A Sacanell, Valverde J Garcia, Roig D EscofetAbstract:Eleven cases of Infectious Arthritis occurring in patients with rheumatoid Arthritis are reported. Staphylococcus aureus was the causative organism in eight patients. Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus agalactiae in one patient each, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in two patients. The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 16 days in patients with pyogenic Arthritis. The diagnosis of joint infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was especially delayed (57 days). Four patients died; they were found to have a longer time to diagnosis and two of them had multiple joint infection. Although Staphylococcus aureus is the microorganism most often affecting patients with rheumatoid Arthritis, infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis must also be considered in such patients.
M Leirisalorepo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reactive Arthritis or post Infectious Arthritis
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology, 2006Co-Authors: Kaisa Granfors, Robert D Inman, Timo Hannu, M LeirisalorepoAbstract:The term 'reactive Arthritis' was first used in 1969 to describe the development of sterile inflammatory Arthritis as a sequel to remote infection, often in the gastrointestinal or urogenital tract. The demonstration of antigenic material (e.g. Salmonella and Yersinia lipopolysaccharide), DNA and RNA, and, in occasional cases, evidence of metabolically active Chlamydia spp. in the joints has blurred the boundary between reactive and post-Infectious forms of Arthritis. No validated and generally agreed diagnostic criteria exist, but the diagnosis of reactive Arthritis is mainly clinical based on acute oligoarticular Arthritis of larger joints that develops within 2-4 weeks of the preceding infection. In about 25% of patients, the infection can be asymptomatic. Diagnosis of the triggering infection is very helpful for the diagnosis of reactive Arthritis. This is mainly achieved by isolating the triggering infection (stools, urogenital tract) by cultures (stool cultures for enteric microbes) or ligase reaction (Chlamydia trachomatis). However, after the onset of Arthritis, this is less likely to be possible. Therefore, the diagnosis must rely on various serological tests to demonstrate evidence of previous infection, but, these serological tests are unfortunately not standardized. Treatment with antibiotics to cure Chlamydia infection is important, but the use of either short or prolonged courses of antibiotics in established Arthritis has not been found to be effective for the cure of Arthritis. The long-term outcome of reactive Arthritis is usually good; however, about 25-50% of patients, depending on the triggering infections and possible new infections, subsequently develop acute Arthritis. About 25% of patients proceed to chronic spondyloArthritis of varying activity.
Jessica M Gilbertie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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platelet rich plasma lysate displays antibiofilm properties and restores antimicrobial activity against synovial fluid biofilms in vitro
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jessica M Gilbertie, Megan E Jacob, Thomas P Schaer, Alicia G Schubert, Stefano Menegatti, Ashton R Lavoie, Lauren V SchnabelAbstract:Infectious Arthritis is difficult to treat in both human and veterinary clinical practice. Recent literature reports Staphylococcus aureus as well as other gram-positive and gram-negative isolates forming free-floating biofilms in both human and equine synovial fluid that are tolerant to traditional antimicrobial therapy. Using an in vitro equine model, we investigated the ability of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) formulations to combat synovial fluid biofilm aggregates. Synovial fluid was infected, and biofilm aggregates allowed to form over a 2-hour period. PRP was collected and processed into different formulations by platelet concentration, leukocyte presence, and activation or lysis. Infected synovial fluid was treated with different PRP formulations with or without aminoglycoside cotreatment. Bacterial load (colony-forming unit/mL) was determined by serial dilutions and plate counting at 8 hours posttreatment. All PRP formulations displayed antimicrobial properties; however, formulations containing higher concentrations of platelets without leukocytes had increased antimicrobial activity. Lysis of PRP and pooling of the PRP lysate (PRP-L) from multiple horses as compared to individual horses further increased antimicrobial activity. This activity was lost with the removal of the plasma component or inhibition of the proteolytic activity within the plasma. Fractionation of pooled PRP-L identified the bioactive components to be cationic and low-molecular weight (<10 kDa). Overall, PRP-L exhibited synergism with amikacin against aminoglycoside tolerant biofilm aggregates with greater activity against gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, the use of PRP-L has the potential to augment current antimicrobial treatment regimens which could lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with Infectious Arthritis.
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equine or porcine synovial fluid as a novel ex vivo model for the study of bacterial free floating biofilms that form in human joint infections
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Jessica M Gilbertie, Noreen J. Hickok, Irving M. Shapiro, Lauren V Schnabel, Megan E Jacob, Brian P Conlon, Javad Parvizi, Thomas P SchaerAbstract:: Bacterial invasion of synovial joints, as in Infectious or septic Arthritis, can be difficult to treat in both veterinary and human clinical practice. Biofilms, in the form of free-floating clumps or aggregates, are involved with the pathogenesis of Infectious Arthritis and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Infection of a joint containing an orthopedic implant can additionally complicate these infections due to the presence of adherent biofilms. Because of these biofilm phenotypes, bacteria within these infected joints show increased antimicrobial tolerance even at high antibiotic concentrations. To date, animal models of PJI or Infectious Arthritis have been limited to small animals such as rodents or rabbits. Small animal models, however, yield limited quantities of synovial fluid making them impractical for in vitro research. Herein, we describe the use of ex vivo equine and porcine models for the study of synovial fluid induced biofilm aggregate formation and antimicrobial tolerance. We observed Staphylococcus aureus and other bacterial pathogens adapt the same biofilm aggregate phenotype with significant antimicrobial tolerance in both equine and porcine synovial fluid, analogous to human synovial fluid. We also demonstrate that enzymatic dispersal of synovial fluid aggregates restores the activity of antimicrobials. Future studies investigating the interaction of bacterial cell surface proteins with host synovial fluid proteins can be readily carried out in equine or porcine ex vivo models to identify novel drug targets for treatment of prevention of these difficult to treat Infectious diseases.
F X Limbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reactive Arthritis or chronic Infectious Arthritis
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: J Sibilia, F X LimbachAbstract:Microbes reach the synovial cavity either directly during bacteraemia or by transport within lymphoid cells or monocytes. This may stimulate the immune system excessively, triggering Arthritis. Some forms of ReA correspond to slow Infectious Arthritis due to the persistence of microbes and some to an infection triggered Arthritis linked to an extra-articular site of infection.