The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Haidong Kan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Mark R. Wallace - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Infectious Diarrhea in history
    Infectious disease clinics of North America, 2004
    Co-Authors: Matthew L. Lim, Mark R. Wallace
    Abstract:

    Throughout history, Infectious Diarrhea has been associated with crowding, poor sanitation, and war. Although descriptions of Infectious Diarrhea exist in the earliest records of civilization, effective measures for prevention were not widely or consistently used until the modern era of active public health promotion. Advances in the understanding of etiologies and therapies have revolutionized prognosis; however, constant vigilance against lapses in public health is necessary to prevent outbreaks of disease.

  • The role of antibiotics in the treatment of Infectious Diarrhea : Therapy
    Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 2001
    Co-Authors: Edward C. Oldfield, Mark R. Wallace
    Abstract:

    Antibiotics have been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of Infectious Diarrhea caused by a variety of bacterial pathogens. The continued emergence of significant antimicrobial resistance among all of the microorganisms responsible for Infectious Diarrhea, however, makes the judicious use of antibiotics a critical part of daily practice. Antibiotics should be reserved for patients with severe or prolonged Diarrhea and those at high risk for complications, such as the elderly, diabetics, cirrhotics, and the immunocompromised.

  • THE ROLE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF Infectious Diarrhea
    Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 2001
    Co-Authors: Edward C. Oldfield, Mark R. Wallace
    Abstract:

    Infectious Diarrhea is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and a common complaint in clinical practice. Routine empirical use of antibiotics for Infectious Diarrhea should be avoided because of the self-limited nature of most cases, the cost of antibiotics, and the potential to worsen the already significant problem of antibiotic resistance of enteric pathogens. For patients with severe invasive or prolonged Diarrhea or who are at high risk of complications, such as the elderly, diabetics, cirrhotics, and immunocompromised patients, empirical treatment with a quinolone antibiotic for 3 to 5 days can be considered. Antibiotic treatment can be highly effective for Shigella, ETEC, and V. cholerae infections, and metronidazole is indicated for C. difficile colitis. The impact of antibiotics for other specific pathogens is modest, and antibiotic therapy should be reserved for the same group of patients who would be considered for empirical treatment. The most significant problem in the antibiotic treatment of Infectious Diarrhea is the progressive increase in resistance among enteric pathogens; only the prudent use of antimicrobials in all areas of daily practice can limit or delay the impact of this serious problem.

Joo Sung Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Rifaximin for the treatment of acute Infectious Diarrhea.
    Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Kyoung Sup Hong, Joo Sung Kim
    Abstract:

    Rifaximin is a nonabsorbable rifamycin derivative with an excellent safety profile and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against a variety of enteropathogens causing acute Infectious Diarrhea. After oral ingestion, its bioavailability is known to be less than 0.4%, and it has a low potential for significant drug interactions. In the treatment of travelers’ Diarrhea caused by noninvasive Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, it has been demonstrated that rifaximin significantly shortens the duration of Diarrhea and has an efficacy similar to that of ciprofloxacin. Moreover, according to two randomized placebo-controlled trials, prophylactic treatment with rifaximin reduced the risk of developing travelers’ Diarrhea by more than 50% compared with the placebo group. For the treatment of acute Diarrhea unrelated to travel, a short course of rifaximin significantly reduced the duration of Diarrhea, and its overall efficacy was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. The discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivoantimicrobial activities of rifaximin, however, and the clinical implication of the rapid appearance of bacterial resistance, must be further elucidated. In conclusion, this gut-selective antibiotic seems to be a promising option for the treatment of acute Infectious Diarrhea secondary to noninvasive E. coli and also appears to be effective in chemoprophylaxis for travelers’ Diarrhea.

Ravinder K Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Infectious Diarrhea cellular and molecular mechanisms
    Gut microbes, 2010
    Co-Authors: Kim Hodges, Ravinder K Gill
    Abstract:

    Diarrhea caused by enteric infections is a major factor in morbidity and mortality worldwide. An estimated 2-4 billion episodes of Infectious Diarrhea occur each year and are especially prevalent in infants. This review highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Diarrhea associated with the three classes of Infectious agents, i.e., bacteria, viruses and parasites. Several bacterial pathogens have been chosen as model organisms, including Vibrio cholerae as a classical example of secretory Diarrhea, Clostridium difficile and Shigella species as agents of inflammatory Diarrhea and selected strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) to discuss the recent advances in alteration of epithelial ion absorption. Many of the recent studies addressing epithelial ion transport and barrier function have been carried out using viruses and parasites. Here, we focus on the rapidly developing field of viral Diarrhea including rotavirus, norovirus and astrovirus infections. Finally we discuss Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica as examples of parasitic Diarrhea. Parasites have a greater complexity than the other pathogens and are capable of creating molecules similar to those produced by the host, such as serotonin and PGE(2). The underlying mechanisms of Infectious Diarrhea discussed include alterations in ion transport and tight junctions as well as the virulence factors, which alter these processes either through direct effects or indirectly through inflammation and neurotransmitters.

Xiaodan Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.