The Experts below are selected from a list of 40128 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Manuel E Sosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
realizing the need for rework from task interdependence to social networks
Production and Operations Management, 2014Co-Authors: Manuel E SosaAbstract:Design rework is a core phenomenon in new product development (NPD). Yet carrying out design rework presupposes recognizing the need for it. I characterize the types of interpersonal knowledge transfer that help developers realize the need for design rework in NPD. As predicted by the NPD literature, I find that individuals who interact frequently with colleagues to address their task interdependences are more likely to realize the need for rework. I also learn that interacting with colleagues who have different expertise in process-related knowledge (as opposed to product-related knowledge) facilitates realizing the need for rework. However, to develop a deeper understanding of how individuals recognize the need for rework when interacting with others, we must expand our views beyond task interdependence and expertise-related factors. In particular, organizational variables�both formal and Informal�play a significant role. With respect to formal hierarchical Structures, actors of superior rank are less likely to realize the need for rework regardless of whether or not their interacting partner is of superior rank; however, actors of superior rank are more likely to trigger realizing the need for rework when interacting with partners of subordinate rank. By examining an organization's Informal Structure, I discover that the social �embeddedness� of developers (i.e., the energy and attention invested in a dyadic relationship) significantly influences their propensity to realize the need for rework. Several hypotheses are tested in a sociometric study conducted within the development department of a software company, and I discuss the implications for behavioral operations in NPD.
-
realizing the need for rework from task interdependence to social networks
2012Co-Authors: Manuel E SosaAbstract:Design rework is a core phenomenon in new product development. Yet carrying out design rework presupposes recognizing the need for it. We characterize the types of interpersonal knowledge transfer that help developers realize the need for design rework in new product development (NPD). Although realizing the need for rework might initially be perceived as negative (since it triggers the repetition of tasks that were once considered finished), it is ultimately positive because the resulting (corrective or completion) actions lead to higher-quality products. As predicted by the NPD literature, we find that individuals who interact frequently with colleagues to address their task interdependences are more likely to realize the need for rework. We also learn that interacting with colleagues who have different expertise in process-related knowledge (as opposed to product-related knowledge) facilitates realizing the need for rework. However, to develop a deeper understanding of how individuals recognize the need for rework when interacting with others, we must expand our views beyond task interdependence and expertise-related factors. In particular, organizational variables - both formal and Informal - play a significant role. With respect to formal hierarchical Structures, actors of superior rank are less likely to realize the need for rework regardless of whether or not their interacting partner is of superior rank; however, actors of superior rank are more likely to trigger realizing the need for rework when interacting with partners of subordinate rank. By examining an organization’s Informal Structure, we discover that the social 'embeddedness' of developers (i.e., the energy and attention invested in a dyadic relationship) significantly influences their propensity to realize the need for rework. Several related hypotheses are tested in a sociometric study conducted within the development department of a software company, after which we discuss the implications for behavioral operations in new product development.
Fabio Nonino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the key roles in the Informal organization a network analysis perspective
The Learning Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Alberto De Toni, Fabio NoninoAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the key roles embedded in the Informal organizational Structure (Informal networks) and to outline their contribution in the companies' performance. A major objective of the research is to find and characterize a new key Informal role that synthesises problem solving, expertise, and accessibility characteristics.Design/methodology/approach – A framework for an in‐depth Informal Structure analysis based on social network analysis (SNA) methodology is Structured and applied in a case study of a knowledge‐based enterprise operating in the information systems industry.Findings – The paper identifies and characterizes the key Informal roles (namely opinion leaders, central connectors, bottlenecks, experts, consultants, or helpful people) and a new one, called pilus prior (first lancer) that synthesises problem solving, expertise, and accessibility characteristics.Research limitations/implications – Future research will move through the enlargement of the sampl...
Zaman Mukhtiar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Understanding communication pathways to foster community engagement for health improvement in North West Pakistan
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2016Co-Authors: Lhussier Monique, Lowe, Nicola M, Westaway, Elizabeth Anne, Dykes, Fiona Clare, Mckeown Michael, Munir Akhtar, Tahir Saba, Zaman MukhtiarAbstract:Background: This paper describes the community engagement process undertaken to ascertain the focus, development and implementation of an intervention to improve iodised salt consumption in rural communities in North West Pakistan. The Jirga is a traditional Informal Structure, which gathers men respected within their community and acts in a governing and decision making capacity in the Pukhtoon culture. The Jirga system had a dual purpose for the study; to access men from the community to discuss the importance of iodised salt, and as an engagement process for the intervention. Methods: A number of qualitative data collection activities were undertaken, with Jirga members and their wives, male and female outreach workers and two groups of women, under and over forty years old. The aim of these were to highlight the communication channels and levers of influence on health behaviour, which were multiple and complex and all needed to be taken into consideration in order to ensure successful and locally sensitive community engagement. Results: Communication channels are described within local families and the communities around them. The key influential role of the Jirga is highlighted as linked both to the standing of its members and the community cohesion ethos that it embodies. Engaging Jirga members in discussions about iodised salt was key in designing an intervention that would activate the most influential levers to decision making in the community. Gendered decision making-processes within the household have been highlighted as restricting women’s autonomy. Whilst in one respect our data confirm this, a more complex hierarchy of decisional power has been highlighted, whereby the concept of ‘wisdom’, an amalgamation of age, experience and education, presents important possibilities. Community members with the least autonomy are the youngest uneducated females, who rely on a web of socially and culturally determined ways to influence decision-making. Conclusions: The major lines of communication and influence in the local community described are placed within the wider literature on community engagement in health improvement. The process of maximisation of local cultural knowledge as part of a community engagement effort is one that has application well beyond the particular setting of this study
Mukhtiar Zaman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Understanding communication pathways to foster community engagement for health improvement in North West Pakistan
BMC, 2016Co-Authors: Monique Lhussier, Nicola Lowe, Elizabeth Westaway, Fiona Dykes, Mick Mckeown, Akhtar Munir, Saba Tahir, Mukhtiar ZamanAbstract:Abstract Background This paper describes the community engagement process undertaken to ascertain the focus, development and implementation of an intervention to improve iodised salt consumption in rural communities in North West Pakistan. The Jirga is a traditional Informal Structure, which gathers men respected within their community and acts in a governing and decision-making capacity in the Pukhtoon culture. The Jirga system had a dual purpose for the study: to access men from the community to discuss the importance of iodised salt, and as an engagement process for the intervention. Methods A number of qualitative data collection activities were undertaken, with Jirga members and their wives, male and female outreach workers and two groups of women, under and over 40 years old. The aim of these was to highlight the communication channels and levers of influence on health behaviour, which were multiple and complex and all needed to be taken into consideration in order to ensure successful and locally sensitive community engagement. Results Communication channels are described within local families and the communities around them. The key influential role of the Jirga is highlighted as linked both to the standing of its members and the community cohesion ethos that it embodies. Engaging Jirga members in discussions about iodised salt was key in designing an intervention that would activate the most influential levers to decision making in the community. Gendered decision-making processes within the household have been highlighted as restricting women’s autonomy. Whilst in one respect our data confirm this, a more complex hierarchy of decisional power has been highlighted, whereby the concept of ‘wisdom’- an amalgamation of age, experience and education- presents important possibilities. Community members with the least autonomy are the youngest uneducated females, who rely on a web of socially and culturally determined ways to influence decision-making. Conclusions The major lines of communication and influence in the local community described are placed within the wider literature on community engagement in health improvement. The process of maximisation of local cultural knowledge as part of a community engagement effort is one that has application well beyond the particular setting of this study
Alberto De Toni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the key roles in the Informal organization a network analysis perspective
The Learning Organization, 2010Co-Authors: Alberto De Toni, Fabio NoninoAbstract:Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the key roles embedded in the Informal organizational Structure (Informal networks) and to outline their contribution in the companies' performance. A major objective of the research is to find and characterize a new key Informal role that synthesises problem solving, expertise, and accessibility characteristics.Design/methodology/approach – A framework for an in‐depth Informal Structure analysis based on social network analysis (SNA) methodology is Structured and applied in a case study of a knowledge‐based enterprise operating in the information systems industry.Findings – The paper identifies and characterizes the key Informal roles (namely opinion leaders, central connectors, bottlenecks, experts, consultants, or helpful people) and a new one, called pilus prior (first lancer) that synthesises problem solving, expertise, and accessibility characteristics.Research limitations/implications – Future research will move through the enlargement of the sampl...