The Experts below are selected from a list of 1839 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andreas Suhrbier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.; ;
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:© 2017 Cozzi et al. An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.
-
il 1 contributes to the anti cancer efficacy of Ingenol mebutate
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Thuy T. Le, Kresten Skak, Kate Schroder, Wayne A Schroder, Glen M Boyle, Carly J Pierce, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate is approved for the topical treatment of actinic keratoses and may ultimately also find utility in treating skin cancers. Here we show that relapse rates of subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumours treated topically with Ingenol mebutate were not significantly different in C57BL/6 and Rag1-/- mice, suggesting B and T cells do not play a major role in the anti-cancer efficacy of Ingenol mebutate. Relapse rates were, however, significantly increased in MyD88-/- mice and in C57BL/6 mice treated with the anti-IL-1 agent, anakinra. Ingenol mebutate treatment induces a pronounced infiltration of neutrophils, which have been shown to have anti-cancer activity in mice. Herein we provide evidence that IL-1 promotes neutrophil recruitment to the tumour, decreases apoptosis of infiltrating neutrophils and increases neutrophil tumour killing activity. These studies suggest IL-1, via its action on neutrophils, promotes the anti-cancer efficacy of Ingenol mebutate, with Ingenol mebutate treatment causing both IL-1β induction and IL-1α released from keratinocytes.
-
effective treatment of squamous cell carcinomas with Ingenol mebutate gel in immunologically intact skh1 mice
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate has recently been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (USA) as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Herein, we describe the efficacy of Ingenol mebutate for the topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using a wild-type mouse model (SKH1) and the UV-induced mouse SCC cell line, T7. Daily treatment for 2 days with 0.25 % Ingenol mebutate gel produced a cure rate of 70 %, with 0 % for placebo gel. Electron microscopy revealed swelling of cancer cell mitochondria within 1 h, with disruption of the inner mitochondrial membranes evident at 6 h post treatment. Primary necrosis of cancer cells was clearly evident by 24 h. Treatment was associated with local haemorrhage and a prodigious neutrophil infiltrate, with anti-T7 antibodies also detected. This is the first report of the successful treatment of SCC tumours with Ingenol mebutate gel in wild-type mice, and supports the view that Ingenol mebutate induces primary necrosis and activates the immune system.
-
Ingenol mebutate field directed treatment of uvb damaged skin reduces lesion formation and removes mutant p53 patches
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Steven M Ogbourne, Heggert Rebel, Frank R De Gruijl, Blake Ferguson, Joy Gardner, Thibaut Larcher, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and is primarily caused by chronic UV exposure. Here, we describe the topical field-directed treatment of SKH1/hr mice with UVB-damaged skin with Ingenol mebutate, a new topical drug shown to be effective for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). Application of 0.05% Ingenol mebutate gel to photo-damaged skin resulted in a ≈70% reduction in the number of skin lesions that subsequently emerged compared with placebo treatment. Ingenol mebutate treatment also reduced the number of mutant p53 keratinocyte patches by ≈70%. The treatment resulted in epidermal cell death, acute inflammation, recruitment of neutrophils, hemorrhage, and eschar formation, all of which resolved over several weeks. Ingenol mebutate field-directed treatment might thus find utility in the removal of subclinical precancerous cells from UV-damaged skin. Field-directed treatment may be particularly suitable for patients who have AKs surrounded by UV-damaged skin.
Steven M Ogbourne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.; ;
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:© 2017 Cozzi et al. An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.
-
effective treatment of squamous cell carcinomas with Ingenol mebutate gel in immunologically intact skh1 mice
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate has recently been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (USA) as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Herein, we describe the efficacy of Ingenol mebutate for the topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using a wild-type mouse model (SKH1) and the UV-induced mouse SCC cell line, T7. Daily treatment for 2 days with 0.25 % Ingenol mebutate gel produced a cure rate of 70 %, with 0 % for placebo gel. Electron microscopy revealed swelling of cancer cell mitochondria within 1 h, with disruption of the inner mitochondrial membranes evident at 6 h post treatment. Primary necrosis of cancer cells was clearly evident by 24 h. Treatment was associated with local haemorrhage and a prodigious neutrophil infiltrate, with anti-T7 antibodies also detected. This is the first report of the successful treatment of SCC tumours with Ingenol mebutate gel in wild-type mice, and supports the view that Ingenol mebutate induces primary necrosis and activates the immune system.
-
Ingenol mebutate field directed treatment of uvb damaged skin reduces lesion formation and removes mutant p53 patches
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Steven M Ogbourne, Heggert Rebel, Frank R De Gruijl, Blake Ferguson, Joy Gardner, Thibaut Larcher, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and is primarily caused by chronic UV exposure. Here, we describe the topical field-directed treatment of SKH1/hr mice with UVB-damaged skin with Ingenol mebutate, a new topical drug shown to be effective for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). Application of 0.05% Ingenol mebutate gel to photo-damaged skin resulted in a ≈70% reduction in the number of skin lesions that subsequently emerged compared with placebo treatment. Ingenol mebutate treatment also reduced the number of mutant p53 keratinocyte patches by ≈70%. The treatment resulted in epidermal cell death, acute inflammation, recruitment of neutrophils, hemorrhage, and eschar formation, all of which resolved over several weeks. Ingenol mebutate field-directed treatment might thus find utility in the removal of subclinical precancerous cells from UV-damaged skin. Field-directed treatment may be particularly suitable for patients who have AKs surrounded by UV-damaged skin.
-
pep005 Ingenol mebutate gel for the topical treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma results of a randomized phase iia trial
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 2010Co-Authors: Greg Siller, Peter Welburn, Janelle Katsamas, Robert Rosen, Michael Freeman, Steven M OgbourneAbstract:Objectives: To evaluate the safety of two applications of PEP005 (Ingenol mebutate) gel in superficial basal cell carcinoma. Efficacy was a secondary end-point. Methods: Randomized, vehicle-controlled, phase IIa study conducted at eight private dermatology clinics in Australia. A total of 60 patients with histologically confirmed superficial basal cell carcinoma (lesion size, 4–15 mm) were randomized to treatment on days 1 and 2 (Arm A) or days 1 and 8 (Arm B) and, within each arm, to Ingenol mebutate gel, 0.0025%, 0.01% or 0.05%, or vehicle gel. The main outcome measures were the incidence and severity of adverse events and local skin responses in Arms A and B; lesion clearance at day 85 was a secondary measure. Results: The incidence of adverse events was low. One patient treated with Ingenol mebutate gel, 0.05% in Arm A experienced severe flaking/scaling/dryness extending beyond the application site. Non-severe, potentially treatment-related events included erythema extending beyond the application site, application-site pain and headache in two patients each. Six patients in Arm A had one or more severe local skin responses. Efficacy appeared to be dose-related and there was a trend towards higher clinical and histological lesion clearance rates in Arm A compared with Arm B. Histological clearance occurred in five of eight patients (63%) randomized to Ingenol mebutate gel, 0.05% in Arm A. Conclusions: Two applications of Ingenol mebutate gel, 0.05%, are safe and have efficacy in patients with superficial basal cell carcinoma.
Sarahjane Cozzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.; ;
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:© 2017 Cozzi et al. An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.
-
effective treatment of squamous cell carcinomas with Ingenol mebutate gel in immunologically intact skh1 mice
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate has recently been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (USA) as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Herein, we describe the efficacy of Ingenol mebutate for the topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using a wild-type mouse model (SKH1) and the UV-induced mouse SCC cell line, T7. Daily treatment for 2 days with 0.25 % Ingenol mebutate gel produced a cure rate of 70 %, with 0 % for placebo gel. Electron microscopy revealed swelling of cancer cell mitochondria within 1 h, with disruption of the inner mitochondrial membranes evident at 6 h post treatment. Primary necrosis of cancer cells was clearly evident by 24 h. Treatment was associated with local haemorrhage and a prodigious neutrophil infiltrate, with anti-T7 antibodies also detected. This is the first report of the successful treatment of SCC tumours with Ingenol mebutate gel in wild-type mice, and supports the view that Ingenol mebutate induces primary necrosis and activates the immune system.
-
Ingenol mebutate field directed treatment of uvb damaged skin reduces lesion formation and removes mutant p53 patches
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Steven M Ogbourne, Heggert Rebel, Frank R De Gruijl, Blake Ferguson, Joy Gardner, Thibaut Larcher, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and is primarily caused by chronic UV exposure. Here, we describe the topical field-directed treatment of SKH1/hr mice with UVB-damaged skin with Ingenol mebutate, a new topical drug shown to be effective for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). Application of 0.05% Ingenol mebutate gel to photo-damaged skin resulted in a ≈70% reduction in the number of skin lesions that subsequently emerged compared with placebo treatment. Ingenol mebutate treatment also reduced the number of mutant p53 keratinocyte patches by ≈70%. The treatment resulted in epidermal cell death, acute inflammation, recruitment of neutrophils, hemorrhage, and eschar formation, all of which resolved over several weeks. Ingenol mebutate field-directed treatment might thus find utility in the removal of subclinical precancerous cells from UV-damaged skin. Field-directed treatment may be particularly suitable for patients who have AKs surrounded by UV-damaged skin.
Thuy T. Le - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.; ;
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:© 2017 Cozzi et al. An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.
-
il 1 contributes to the anti cancer efficacy of Ingenol mebutate
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Thuy T. Le, Kresten Skak, Kate Schroder, Wayne A Schroder, Glen M Boyle, Carly J Pierce, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate is approved for the topical treatment of actinic keratoses and may ultimately also find utility in treating skin cancers. Here we show that relapse rates of subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumours treated topically with Ingenol mebutate were not significantly different in C57BL/6 and Rag1-/- mice, suggesting B and T cells do not play a major role in the anti-cancer efficacy of Ingenol mebutate. Relapse rates were, however, significantly increased in MyD88-/- mice and in C57BL/6 mice treated with the anti-IL-1 agent, anakinra. Ingenol mebutate treatment induces a pronounced infiltration of neutrophils, which have been shown to have anti-cancer activity in mice. Herein we provide evidence that IL-1 promotes neutrophil recruitment to the tumour, decreases apoptosis of infiltrating neutrophils and increases neutrophil tumour killing activity. These studies suggest IL-1, via its action on neutrophils, promotes the anti-cancer efficacy of Ingenol mebutate, with Ingenol mebutate treatment causing both IL-1β induction and IL-1α released from keratinocytes.
-
effective treatment of squamous cell carcinomas with Ingenol mebutate gel in immunologically intact skh1 mice
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate has recently been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (USA) as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Herein, we describe the efficacy of Ingenol mebutate for the topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using a wild-type mouse model (SKH1) and the UV-induced mouse SCC cell line, T7. Daily treatment for 2 days with 0.25 % Ingenol mebutate gel produced a cure rate of 70 %, with 0 % for placebo gel. Electron microscopy revealed swelling of cancer cell mitochondria within 1 h, with disruption of the inner mitochondrial membranes evident at 6 h post treatment. Primary necrosis of cancer cells was clearly evident by 24 h. Treatment was associated with local haemorrhage and a prodigious neutrophil infiltrate, with anti-T7 antibodies also detected. This is the first report of the successful treatment of SCC tumours with Ingenol mebutate gel in wild-type mice, and supports the view that Ingenol mebutate induces primary necrosis and activates the immune system.
Cini James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.; ;
-
Tattoo removal with Ingenol mebutate
Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:© 2017 Cozzi et al. An increasing number of people are getting tattoos; however, many regret the decision and seek their removal. Lasers are currently the most commonly used method for tattoo removal; however, treatment can be lengthy, costly, and sometimes ineffective, especially for certain colors. Ingenol mebutate is a licensed topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Here, we demonstrate that two applications of 0.1% Ingenol mebutate can efficiently and consistently remove 2-week-old tattoos from SKH/hr hairless mice. Treatment was associated with relocation of tattoo microspheres from the dermis into the posttreatment eschar. The skin lesion resolved about 20 days after treatment initiation, with some cicatrix formation evident. The implications for using Ingenol mebutate for tattoo removal in humans are discussed.
-
effective treatment of squamous cell carcinomas with Ingenol mebutate gel in immunologically intact skh1 mice
Archives of Dermatological Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Thuy T. Le, Steven M Ogbourne, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Ingenol mebutate has recently been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (USA) as a topical treatment for actinic keratoses. Herein, we describe the efficacy of Ingenol mebutate for the topical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) using a wild-type mouse model (SKH1) and the UV-induced mouse SCC cell line, T7. Daily treatment for 2 days with 0.25 % Ingenol mebutate gel produced a cure rate of 70 %, with 0 % for placebo gel. Electron microscopy revealed swelling of cancer cell mitochondria within 1 h, with disruption of the inner mitochondrial membranes evident at 6 h post treatment. Primary necrosis of cancer cells was clearly evident by 24 h. Treatment was associated with local haemorrhage and a prodigious neutrophil infiltrate, with anti-T7 antibodies also detected. This is the first report of the successful treatment of SCC tumours with Ingenol mebutate gel in wild-type mice, and supports the view that Ingenol mebutate induces primary necrosis and activates the immune system.
-
Ingenol mebutate field directed treatment of uvb damaged skin reduces lesion formation and removes mutant p53 patches
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2012Co-Authors: Sarahjane Cozzi, Cini James, Steven M Ogbourne, Heggert Rebel, Frank R De Gruijl, Blake Ferguson, Joy Gardner, Thibaut Larcher, Andreas SuhrbierAbstract:Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and is primarily caused by chronic UV exposure. Here, we describe the topical field-directed treatment of SKH1/hr mice with UVB-damaged skin with Ingenol mebutate, a new topical drug shown to be effective for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK). Application of 0.05% Ingenol mebutate gel to photo-damaged skin resulted in a ≈70% reduction in the number of skin lesions that subsequently emerged compared with placebo treatment. Ingenol mebutate treatment also reduced the number of mutant p53 keratinocyte patches by ≈70%. The treatment resulted in epidermal cell death, acute inflammation, recruitment of neutrophils, hemorrhage, and eschar formation, all of which resolved over several weeks. Ingenol mebutate field-directed treatment might thus find utility in the removal of subclinical precancerous cells from UV-damaged skin. Field-directed treatment may be particularly suitable for patients who have AKs surrounded by UV-damaged skin.
