The Experts below are selected from a list of 139974 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Neil G Muggleton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modulating Inhibitory Control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex
NeuroImage, 2011Co-Authors: Daisy L Hung, Ovid J L Tzeng, Lin Yuan Tseng, Jiaxin Yu, Vincent Walsh, Neil G MuggletonAbstract:article i nfo Article history: The executive Control of voluntary action involves not only choosing from a range of possible actions but also the inhibition of responses as circumstances demand. Recent studies have demonstrated that many clinical populations, such as people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, exhibit difficulties in Inhibitory Control. One prefrontal area that has been particularly associated with Inhibitory Control is the pre- supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA). Here we applied non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Pre-SMA to test its role in this behavior. tDCS allows for current to be applied in two directions to selectively excite or suppress the neural activity of Pre-SMA. Our results showed that anodal tDCS improved efficiency of Inhibitory Control. Conversely, cathodal tDCS showed a tendency towards impaired Inhibitory Control. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of non-invasive intervention tDCS altering subjects' Inhibitory Control. These results further our understanding of the neural bases of Inhibitory Control and suggest a possible therapeutic intervention method for clinical populations.
Daisy L Hung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modulating Inhibitory Control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex
NeuroImage, 2011Co-Authors: Tzu Yu Hsu, Lin Yua Tseng, Wen Jui Kuo, Daisy L Hung, Ovid J L Tzeng, Vince Walsh, Neil G MuggletoAbstract:The executive Control of voluntary action involves not only choosing from a range of possible actions but also the inhibition of responses as circumstances demand. Recent studies have demonstrated that many clinical populations, such as people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, exhibit difficulties in Inhibitory Control. One prefrontal area that has been particularly associated with Inhibitory Control is the pre-supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA). Here we applied non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Pre-SMA to test its role in this behavior. tDCS allows for current to be applied in two directions to selectively excite or suppress the neural activity of Pre-SMA. Our results showed that anodal tDCS improved efficiency of Inhibitory Control. Conversely, cathodal tDCS showed a tendency towards impaired Inhibitory Control. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of non-invasive intervention tDCS altering subjects' Inhibitory Control. These results further our understanding of the neural bases of Inhibitory Control and suggest a possible therapeutic intervention method for clinical populations.
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modulating Inhibitory Control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex
NeuroImage, 2011Co-Authors: Daisy L Hung, Ovid J L Tzeng, Lin Yuan Tseng, Jiaxin Yu, Vincent Walsh, Neil G MuggletonAbstract:article i nfo Article history: The executive Control of voluntary action involves not only choosing from a range of possible actions but also the inhibition of responses as circumstances demand. Recent studies have demonstrated that many clinical populations, such as people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, exhibit difficulties in Inhibitory Control. One prefrontal area that has been particularly associated with Inhibitory Control is the pre- supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA). Here we applied non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Pre-SMA to test its role in this behavior. tDCS allows for current to be applied in two directions to selectively excite or suppress the neural activity of Pre-SMA. Our results showed that anodal tDCS improved efficiency of Inhibitory Control. Conversely, cathodal tDCS showed a tendency towards impaired Inhibitory Control. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of non-invasive intervention tDCS altering subjects' Inhibitory Control. These results further our understanding of the neural bases of Inhibitory Control and suggest a possible therapeutic intervention method for clinical populations.
Lin Yuan Tseng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modulating Inhibitory Control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex
NeuroImage, 2011Co-Authors: Daisy L Hung, Ovid J L Tzeng, Lin Yuan Tseng, Jiaxin Yu, Vincent Walsh, Neil G MuggletonAbstract:article i nfo Article history: The executive Control of voluntary action involves not only choosing from a range of possible actions but also the inhibition of responses as circumstances demand. Recent studies have demonstrated that many clinical populations, such as people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, exhibit difficulties in Inhibitory Control. One prefrontal area that has been particularly associated with Inhibitory Control is the pre- supplementary motor area (Pre-SMA). Here we applied non-invasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over Pre-SMA to test its role in this behavior. tDCS allows for current to be applied in two directions to selectively excite or suppress the neural activity of Pre-SMA. Our results showed that anodal tDCS improved efficiency of Inhibitory Control. Conversely, cathodal tDCS showed a tendency towards impaired Inhibitory Control. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of non-invasive intervention tDCS altering subjects' Inhibitory Control. These results further our understanding of the neural bases of Inhibitory Control and suggest a possible therapeutic intervention method for clinical populations.
Pradeep Shenoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rational decision making in Inhibitory Control
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2011Co-Authors: Pradeep ShenoyAbstract:An important aspect of cognitive flexibility is Inhibitory Control, the ability to dynamically modify or cancel planned actions in response to changes in the sensory environment or task demands. We formulate a probabilistic, rational decision-making framework for Inhibitory Control in the well-studied stop signal paradigm. Our model posits that subjects maintain a Bayes-optimal, continually updated representation of sensory inputs, and repeatedly assess the relative value of stopping and going on a fine temporal scale, in order to make an optimal decision on when and whether to go on each trial. We further posit that they implement this continual evaluation with respect to a global objective function capturing the various reward and penalties associated with different behavioral outcomes, such as speed and accuracy, or the relative costs of stop errors and go errors. We demonstrate that our rational decision-making model naturally gives rise to basic behavioral characteristics consistently observed for this paradigm, as well as more subtle effects due to contextual factors such as reward contingencies or motivational factors. Furthermore, we show that the classical race model can be seen as a computationally simpler, perhaps neurally plausible, approximation to optimal decision-making. This conceptual link allows us to predict how the parameters of the race model, such as the stopping latency, should change with task parameters and individual experiences/ability.
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a rational decision making framework for Inhibitory Control
Neural Information Processing Systems, 2010Co-Authors: Pradeep Shenoy, Rajesh P N RaoAbstract:Intelligent agents are often faced with the need to choose actions with uncertain consequences, and to modify those actions according to ongoing sensory processing and changing task demands. The requisite ability to dynamically modify or cancel planned actions is known as Inhibitory Control in psychology. We formalize Inhibitory Control as a rational decision-making problem, and apply to it to the classical stop-signal task. Using Bayesian inference and stochastic Control tools, we show that the optimal policy systematically depends on various parameters of the problem, such as the relative costs of different action choices, the noise level of sensory inputs, and the dynamics of changing environmental demands. Our normative model accounts for a range of behavioral data in humans and animals in the stop-signal task, suggesting that the brain implements statistically optimal, dynamically adaptive, and reward-sensitive decision-making in the context of Inhibitory Control problems.
Ben Rattray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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superior Inhibitory Control and resistance to mental fatigue in professional road cyclists
PLOS ONE, 2016Co-Authors: Kristy Martin, Walter Staiano, Paolo Menaspa, Tom Hennessey, Samuele Maria Marcora, Richard Keegan, Kevin G Thompson, David T Martin, Shona L Halson, Ben RattrayAbstract:Purpose Given the important role of the brain in regulating endurance performance, this comparative study sought to determine whether professional road cyclists have superior Inhibitory Control and resistance to mental fatigue compared to recreational road cyclists. Methods After preliminary testing and familiarization, eleven professional and nine recreational road cyclists visited the lab on two occasions to complete a modified incongruent colour-word Stroop task (a cognitive task requiring Inhibitory Control) for 30 min (mental exertion condition), or an easy cognitive task for 10 min (Control condition) in a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over order. After each cognitive task, participants completed a 20-min time trial on a cycle ergometer. During the time trial, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Results The professional cyclists completed more correct responses during the Stroop task than the recreational cyclists (705±68 vs 576±74, p = 0.001). During the time trial, the recreational cyclists produced a lower mean power output in the mental exertion condition compared to the Control condition (216±33 vs 226±25 W, p = 0.014). There was no difference between conditions for the professional cyclists (323±42 vs 326±35 W, p = 0.502). Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and RPE were not significantly different between the mental exertion and Control conditions in both groups. Conclusion The professional cyclists exhibited superior performance during the Stroop task which is indicative of stronger Inhibitory Control than the recreational cyclists. The professional cyclists also displayed a greater resistance to the negative effects of mental fatigue as demonstrated by no significant differences in perception of effort and time trial performance between the mental exertion and Control conditions. These findings suggest that Inhibitory Control and resistance to mental fatigue may contribute to successful road cycling performance. These psychobiological characteristics may be either genetic and/or developed through the training and lifestyle of professional road cyclists.
