The Experts below are selected from a list of 110301 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alberto Mantovani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the long pentraxin ptx3 as a humoral Innate Immunity functional player and biomarker of infections and sepsis
Frontiers in Immunology, 2019Co-Authors: Remi Porte, Alberto Mantovani, Sadaf Davoudian, Fatemeh Asgari, Raffaella ParenteAbstract:The first line of defense in Innate Immunity is provided by cellular and humoral mediators. Pentraxins are a superfamily of phylogenetically conserved humoral mediators of Innate Immunity. PTX3, the first long pentraxin identified, is a soluble pattern recognition molecule rapidly produced by several cell types in response to primary pro-inflammatory signals and microbial recognition. PTX3 acts as an important mediator of Innate Immunity against pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral origin, and as a regulator of inflammation, by modulating complement activation and cell extravasation, and facilitating pathogen recognition by myeloid cells. In sepsis, PTX3 plasma levels are associated with severity of the condition, patient survival, and response to therapy. In combination with other established biomarkers, PTX3 could improve stratification of sepsis patients and thus, complement the system of classification and monitoring of this disease.
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ptx3 a humoral pattern recognition molecule in Innate Immunity tissue repair and cancer
Physical Review, 2018Co-Authors: Cecilia Garlanda, Antonio Inforzato, Barbara Bottazzi, Elena Magrini, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:Innate Immunity includes a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule conserved in evolution which acts as a key component of humoral Innate Immunity in infectio...
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humoral Innate Immunity at the crossroad between microbe and matrix recognition the role of ptx3 in tissue damage
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrea Doni, Alberto Mantovani, Giovanna Damico, Diego Morone, Cecilia GarlandaAbstract:Innate Immunity is involved in regulating inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. In particular, humoral Innate Immunity plays functions related to wound clearance from tissue debris, and regulation of macrophage and stromal cell activities. PTX3, a component of humoral Innate Immunity, orchestrates tissue repair by interacting with plasminogen and fibrin. Fluid-phase molecules of Innate Immunity interact with elements of the extracellular matrix, and some of the latter display opsonic activity against certain bacterial species. Thus, recognition of extracellular matrix and microbial components is a recurrent theme in the humoral arm of the Innate immune system.
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macrophage activation and polarization as an adaptive component of Innate Immunity
Advances in Immunology, 2013Co-Authors: Massimo Locati, Alberto Mantovani, Antonio SicaAbstract:Innate Immunity has an adaptive component, which has been referred to as "memory," "trained," "imprinted" or "adaptive." Plasticity is a hallmark of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Microbial recognition and cytokines profoundly affect macrophage function causing a range of adaptive responses including activation, priming, or tolerance. These adaptive responses of macrophages include production of humoral fluid-phase pattern recognition molecules such as the prototypic long pentraxin PTX3. These components of humoral Innate Immunity in turn cooperate with and regulate phagocyte function. Progress has been made in defining the molecular basis underlying the polarized activation of macrophages, including signaling mediators, transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, and the microRNA network. The definition of molecules and mechanisms associated with plasticity and polarized activation of macrophages may provide a basis for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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pentraxins in humoral Innate Immunity
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Antonio Inforzato, Cecilia Garlanda, Barbara Bottazzi, Sonia Valentino, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:Innate Immunity represents the first line of defence against pathogens and plays key roles in activation and orientation of the adaptive immune response. The Innate immune system comprises both a cellular and a humoral arm. Components of the humoral arm include soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) that recognise pathogens associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate the immune response in coordination with the cellular arm, therefore acting as functional ancestors of antibodies. The long pentraxin PTX3 is a prototypic soluble PRM that is produced at sites of infection and inflammation by both somatic and immune cells. Gene targeting of this evolutionarily conserved protein has revealed a non-redundant role in resistance to selected pathogens. Moreover, PTX3 exerts important functions at the crossroad between Innate Immunity, inflammation and female fertility. Here we review the studies on PTX3, with emphasis on pathogen recognition and crosstalk with other components of the Innate immune system.
Cecilia Garlanda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 2019Co-Authors: Sébastien Jaillon, Kevin Berthenet, Cecilia GarlandaAbstract:Sexual dimorphisms account for differences in clinical manifestations or incidence of infectious or autoimmune diseases and malignancy between females and males. Females develop enhanced Innate and adaptive immune responses than males and are less susceptible to many infections of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal origin and malignancies but in contrast, they are more prone to develop autoimmune diseases. The higher susceptibility to infections in males is observed from birth to adulthood, suggesting that sex chromosomes and not sex hormones have a major role in sexual dimorphism in Innate Immunity. Sex-based regulation of immune responses ultimately contributes to age-related disease development and life expectancy. Differences between males and females have been described in the expression of pattern recognition receptors of the Innate immune response and in the functional responses of phagocytes and antigen presenting cells. Different factors have been shown to account for the sex-based disparity in immune responses, including genetic factors and hormonal mediators, which contribute independently to dimorphism in the Innate immune response. For instance, several genes encoding for Innate immune molecules are located on the X chromosome. In addition, estrogen and/or testosterone have been reported to modulate the differentiation, maturation, lifespan, and effector functions of Innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. In this review, we will focus on differences between males and females in Innate Immunity, which represents the first line of defense against pathogens and plays a fundamental role in the activation, regulation, and orientation of the adaptive immune response.
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ptx3 a humoral pattern recognition molecule in Innate Immunity tissue repair and cancer
Physical Review, 2018Co-Authors: Cecilia Garlanda, Antonio Inforzato, Barbara Bottazzi, Elena Magrini, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:Innate Immunity includes a cellular and a humoral arm. PTX3 is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule conserved in evolution which acts as a key component of humoral Innate Immunity in infectio...
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humoral Innate Immunity at the crossroad between microbe and matrix recognition the role of ptx3 in tissue damage
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrea Doni, Alberto Mantovani, Giovanna Damico, Diego Morone, Cecilia GarlandaAbstract:Innate Immunity is involved in regulating inflammatory and tissue repair responses to injury. In particular, humoral Innate Immunity plays functions related to wound clearance from tissue debris, and regulation of macrophage and stromal cell activities. PTX3, a component of humoral Innate Immunity, orchestrates tissue repair by interacting with plasminogen and fibrin. Fluid-phase molecules of Innate Immunity interact with elements of the extracellular matrix, and some of the latter display opsonic activity against certain bacterial species. Thus, recognition of extracellular matrix and microbial components is a recurrent theme in the humoral arm of the Innate immune system.
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pentraxins in humoral Innate Immunity
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Antonio Inforzato, Cecilia Garlanda, Barbara Bottazzi, Sonia Valentino, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:Innate Immunity represents the first line of defence against pathogens and plays key roles in activation and orientation of the adaptive immune response. The Innate immune system comprises both a cellular and a humoral arm. Components of the humoral arm include soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) that recognise pathogens associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate the immune response in coordination with the cellular arm, therefore acting as functional ancestors of antibodies. The long pentraxin PTX3 is a prototypic soluble PRM that is produced at sites of infection and inflammation by both somatic and immune cells. Gene targeting of this evolutionarily conserved protein has revealed a non-redundant role in resistance to selected pathogens. Moreover, PTX3 exerts important functions at the crossroad between Innate Immunity, inflammation and female fertility. Here we review the studies on PTX3, with emphasis on pathogen recognition and crosstalk with other components of the Innate immune system.
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pentraxins in Innate Immunity and inflammation
Novartis Foundation symposium, 2006Co-Authors: Cecilia Garlanda, Andrea Doni, Livija Deban, Giovanni Salvatori, Alessia Cotena, Federica Moalli, Rita De Santis, Viriginia Maina, Tania VelizrodriguezAbstract:C-reactive protein, the first Innate Immunity receptor identified, and serum amyloid P component are classic short pentraxins produced in the liver. Long pentraxins, the prototype of which is PTX3, are expressed in a variety of tissues. PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to TLR engagement and inflammatory cytokines. PTX3 acts as a functional ancestor of antibodies, recognizing microbes, activating complement, facilitating pathogen recognition by phagocytes, hence playing a non-redundant role in resistance against selected pathogens, in particular in the lung. Thus, the prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 is a multifunctional soluble pattern recognition receptor at the crossroads between Innate Immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition and female fertility.
Lorenzo Galluzzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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autophagy and Innate Immunity ally against bacterial invasion
The EMBO Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Lorenzo Galluzzi, Oliver Kepp, Guido KroemerAbstract:The precise mechanisms by which autophagy participates in the control of intracellular infection have only lately begun to emerge. In a recent issue of Science, Wild et al demonstrate how Innate Immunity and autophagy cooperate in the clearance of cytosolic Salmonella, thereby shedding new light on the molecular regulation of xenophagy.
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bacterial invasion linking autophagy and Innate Immunity
Current Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Lorenzo Galluzzi, Oliver Kepp, Laurence Zitvogel, Guido KroemerAbstract:Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder that has been associated with polymorphisms in the genes encoding the pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 and the autophagic regulator ATG16L1. A new study demonstrates that NOD2 recruits ATG16L1 at bacterial entry sites, thereby bridging Innate Immunity and autophagy.
Sébastien Jaillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual Dimorphism in Innate Immunity
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, 2019Co-Authors: Sébastien Jaillon, Kevin Berthenet, Cecilia GarlandaAbstract:Sexual dimorphisms account for differences in clinical manifestations or incidence of infectious or autoimmune diseases and malignancy between females and males. Females develop enhanced Innate and adaptive immune responses than males and are less susceptible to many infections of bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal origin and malignancies but in contrast, they are more prone to develop autoimmune diseases. The higher susceptibility to infections in males is observed from birth to adulthood, suggesting that sex chromosomes and not sex hormones have a major role in sexual dimorphism in Innate Immunity. Sex-based regulation of immune responses ultimately contributes to age-related disease development and life expectancy. Differences between males and females have been described in the expression of pattern recognition receptors of the Innate immune response and in the functional responses of phagocytes and antigen presenting cells. Different factors have been shown to account for the sex-based disparity in immune responses, including genetic factors and hormonal mediators, which contribute independently to dimorphism in the Innate immune response. For instance, several genes encoding for Innate immune molecules are located on the X chromosome. In addition, estrogen and/or testosterone have been reported to modulate the differentiation, maturation, lifespan, and effector functions of Innate immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. In this review, we will focus on differences between males and females in Innate Immunity, which represents the first line of defense against pathogens and plays a fundamental role in the activation, regulation, and orientation of the adaptive immune response.
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Pentraxins in Innate Immunity: lessons from PTX3
Cell and Tissue Research, 2010Co-Authors: Livija Deban, Sébastien Jaillon, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:The Innate immune system constitutes the first line of defence against microorganisms and plays a primordial role in the activation and regulation of adaptive Immunity. The Innate immune system is composed of a cellular arm and a humoral arm. Components of the humoral arm include members of the complement cascade and soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs). These fluid-phase PRMs represent the functional ancestors of antibodies and play a crucial role in the discrimination between self, non-self and modified-self. Moreover, evidence has been presented that these soluble PRMs participate in the regulation of inflammatory responses and interact with the cellular arm of the Innate immune system. Pentraxins consist of a set of multimeric soluble proteins and represent the prototypic components of humoral Innate Immunity. Based on the primary structure of the protomer, pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. The short pentraxins C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P-component are produced by the liver and represent the main acute phase proteins in human and mouse, respectively. The long pentraxin PTX3 is produced by Innate Immunity cells (e.g. PMN, macrophages, dendritic cells), interacts with several ligands and plays an essential role in Innate Immunity, tuning inflammation and matrix deposition. PTX3 provides a paradigm for the mode of action of humoral Innate Immunity.
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the long pentraxin ptx3 as a prototypic humoral pattern recognition receptor interplay with cellular Innate Immunity
Immunological Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: Alessia Cotena, Sébastien Jaillon, Livija Deban, Federica Moalli, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:Summary: The Innate immune system consists of a cellular arm and a humoral arm. Components of humoral Immunity include diverse molecular families, which represent functional ancestors of antibodies. They play a key role as effectors and modulators of Innate resistance in animals and humans, interacting with cellular Innate Immunity. The prototypic long pentraxin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), represents a case in point of this interplay. Gene targeting of this evolutionarily conserved long pentraxin has unequivocally defined its role at the crossroads of Innate Immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility. Phagocytes represent a key source of this fluid-phase pattern recognition receptor, which, in turn, facilitates microbial recognition by phagocytes acting as an opsonin. Moreover, PTX3 has modulatory functions on Innate Immunity and inflammation. Here, we review the studies on PTX3 which emphasize the complexity and complementarity of the crosstalk between the cellular and humoral arms of Innate Immunity.
Livija Deban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pentraxins in Innate Immunity: lessons from PTX3
Cell and Tissue Research, 2010Co-Authors: Livija Deban, Sébastien Jaillon, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:The Innate immune system constitutes the first line of defence against microorganisms and plays a primordial role in the activation and regulation of adaptive Immunity. The Innate immune system is composed of a cellular arm and a humoral arm. Components of the humoral arm include members of the complement cascade and soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRMs). These fluid-phase PRMs represent the functional ancestors of antibodies and play a crucial role in the discrimination between self, non-self and modified-self. Moreover, evidence has been presented that these soluble PRMs participate in the regulation of inflammatory responses and interact with the cellular arm of the Innate immune system. Pentraxins consist of a set of multimeric soluble proteins and represent the prototypic components of humoral Innate Immunity. Based on the primary structure of the protomer, pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. The short pentraxins C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P-component are produced by the liver and represent the main acute phase proteins in human and mouse, respectively. The long pentraxin PTX3 is produced by Innate Immunity cells (e.g. PMN, macrophages, dendritic cells), interacts with several ligands and plays an essential role in Innate Immunity, tuning inflammation and matrix deposition. PTX3 provides a paradigm for the mode of action of humoral Innate Immunity.
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the long pentraxin ptx3 as a prototypic humoral pattern recognition receptor interplay with cellular Innate Immunity
Immunological Reviews, 2009Co-Authors: Alessia Cotena, Sébastien Jaillon, Livija Deban, Federica Moalli, Alberto MantovaniAbstract:Summary: The Innate immune system consists of a cellular arm and a humoral arm. Components of humoral Immunity include diverse molecular families, which represent functional ancestors of antibodies. They play a key role as effectors and modulators of Innate resistance in animals and humans, interacting with cellular Innate Immunity. The prototypic long pentraxin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), represents a case in point of this interplay. Gene targeting of this evolutionarily conserved long pentraxin has unequivocally defined its role at the crossroads of Innate Immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility. Phagocytes represent a key source of this fluid-phase pattern recognition receptor, which, in turn, facilitates microbial recognition by phagocytes acting as an opsonin. Moreover, PTX3 has modulatory functions on Innate Immunity and inflammation. Here, we review the studies on PTX3 which emphasize the complexity and complementarity of the crosstalk between the cellular and humoral arms of Innate Immunity.
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pentraxins in Innate Immunity and inflammation
Novartis Foundation symposium, 2006Co-Authors: Cecilia Garlanda, Andrea Doni, Livija Deban, Giovanni Salvatori, Alessia Cotena, Federica Moalli, Rita De Santis, Viriginia Maina, Tania VelizrodriguezAbstract:C-reactive protein, the first Innate Immunity receptor identified, and serum amyloid P component are classic short pentraxins produced in the liver. Long pentraxins, the prototype of which is PTX3, are expressed in a variety of tissues. PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to TLR engagement and inflammatory cytokines. PTX3 acts as a functional ancestor of antibodies, recognizing microbes, activating complement, facilitating pathogen recognition by phagocytes, hence playing a non-redundant role in resistance against selected pathogens, in particular in the lung. Thus, the prototypic long pentraxin PTX3 is a multifunctional soluble pattern recognition receptor at the crossroads between Innate Immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition and female fertility.