The Experts below are selected from a list of 546588 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph Berkovitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On de Finetti’s instrumentalist philosophy of probability
European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 2019Co-Authors: Joseph BerkovitzAbstract:De Finetti is one of the founding fathers of the subjective school of probability. He held that probabilities are subjective, coherent degrees of expectation, and he argued that none of the objective interpretations of probability make sense. While his theory has been influential in science and philosophy, it has encountered various objections. I argue that these objections overlook central aspects of de Finetti’s philosophy of probability and are largely unfounded. I propose a new interpretation of de Finetti’s theory that highlights these aspects and explains how they are an integral part of de Finetti’s instrumentalist philosophy of probability. I conclude by drawing an analogy between misconceptions about de Finetti’s philosophy of probability and common misconceptions about Instrumentalism.
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on de finetti s instrumentalist philosophy of probability
European journal for philosophy of science, 2019Co-Authors: Joseph BerkovitzAbstract:De Finetti is one of the founding fathers of the subjective school of probability. He held that probabilities are subjective, coherent degrees of expectation, and he argued that none of the objective interpretations of probability make sense. While his theory has been influential in science and philosophy, it has encountered various objections. I argue that these objections overlook central aspects of de Finetti’s philosophy of probability and are largely unfounded. I propose a new interpretation of de Finetti’s theory that highlights these aspects and explains how they are an integral part of de Finetti’s instrumentalist philosophy of probability. I conclude by drawing an analogy between misconceptions about de Finetti’s philosophy of probability and common misconceptions about Instrumentalism.
Julian Reiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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idealization and the aims of economics three cheers for Instrumentalism
Economics and Philosophy, 2012Co-Authors: Julian ReissAbstract:This paper aims (a) to provide characterizations of realism and Instrumentalism that are philosophically interesting and applicable to economics; and (b) to defend Instrumentalism against realism as a methodological stance in economics. Starting point is the observation that ‘all models are false’, which, or so I argue, is difficult to square with the realist’s aim of truth, even if the latter is understood as ‘partial’ or ‘approximate’. The three cheers in favour of Instrumentalism are: (1) Once we have usefulness, truth is redundant. (2) There is something disturbing about causal structure. (3) It’s better to do what one can than to chase rainbows.
Gary G Berntson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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realism Instrumentalism and scientific symbiosis psychological theory as a search for truth and the discovery of solutions
American Psychologist, 2004Co-Authors: John T Cacioppo, Gun R Semin, Gary G BerntsonAbstract:Scientific realism holds that scientific theories are approximations of universal truths about reality, whereas scientific Instrumentalism posits that scientific theories are intellectual structures that provide adequate predictions of what is observed and useful frameworks for answering questions and solving problems in a given domain. These philosophical perspectives have different strengths and weaknesses and have been regarded as incommensurate: Scientific realism fosters theoretical rigor, verifiability, parsimony, and debate, whereas scientific Instrumentalism fosters theoretical innovation, synthesis, generativeness, and scope. The authors review the evolution of scientific realism and Instrumentalism in psychology and propose that the categorical distinction between the 2 is overstated as a prescription for scientific practice. The authors propose that the iterative deployment of these 2 perspectives, just as the iterative application of inductive and deductive reasoning in science, may promote more rigorous, integrative, cumulative, and useful scientific theories.
Kapil Dev Regmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Higher Education in Nepal: A Handmaiden of Neoliberal Instrumentalism
Higher Education Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Kapil Dev RegmiAbstract:Though government funding has shrunk, Nepal’s higher education (HE) sector has expanded in the last three decades in terms of the establishment of new institutions and the implementation of a series of projects funded by the World Bank. Using neoliberal Instrumentalism as a theoretical framework and critical policy sociology as a methodological tool, this paper analysed key policy documents produced by the World Bank and the Government of Nepal for implementing three most recent HE projects in Nepal. The paper argues that a new version of human capital theory, which stems from neoliberal Instrumentalism in education, has guided HE policies and practices of Nepal. Though a number of reform strategies are implemented with the aim of increasing performance and competition, the HE sector has become increasingly unresponsive to the needs of Nepali communities and societies.
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Higher Education in Nepal: A Handmaiden of Neoliberal Instrumentalism
Higher Education Policy, 2019Co-Authors: Kapil Dev RegmiAbstract:Though government funding has shrunk, Nepal’s higher education (HE) sector has expanded in the last three decades in terms of the establishment of new institutions and the implementation of a series of projects funded by the World Bank. Using neoliberal Instrumentalism as a theoretical framework and critical policy sociology as a methodological tool, this paper analysed key policy documents produced by the World Bank and the Government of Nepal for implementing three most recent HE projects in Nepal. The paper argues that a new version of human capital theory, which stems from neoliberal Instrumentalism in education, has guided HE policies and practices of Nepal. Though a number of reform strategies are implemented with the aim of increasing performance and competition, the HE sector has become increasingly unresponsive to the needs of Nepali communities and societies.
Deborah Giustini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interpreter training in japanese higher education an innovative method for the promotion of linguistic Instrumentalism
Linguistics and Education, 2020Co-Authors: Deborah GiustiniAbstract:Abstract The relevance of English communicative competence for achieving individual and corporate competitiveness influenced language policies in Japan, triggering universities’ competitive use of interpreter training as an innovative language enhancement teaching method. Through a case study of a university promoting interpreter training in Japan as a language tool, this article investigates the experiences of students and instructors on the programme, framed within a critique of linguistic Instrumentalism. It argues that there is a pedagogical conflict between implementing policy education strategies and using realistic interpreting curricula that consider students’ needs. It shows that interpreter training for enhanced communicative competence is embedded into a neoliberal rhetoric of linguistic Instrumentalism, promising competitive professional advantages to students. However, it paradoxically does not keep promises of language acquisition. The study reveals that instructors’ teaching methods, students’ aspirations, and the curriculum design are not pedagogically effective, as there is a mismatch between students’ skills and activities proposed.