The Experts below are selected from a list of 33531 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Isao Date - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the high Integration and Differentiation potential of autologous neural stem cell transplantation compared with allogeneic transplantation in adult rat hippocampus
    Experimental Neurology, 2006
    Co-Authors: Kenichiro Muraoka, Tetsuro Shingo, Takao Yasuhara, Masahiro Kameda, Wenji Yuan, Hitoshi Hayase, Toshihiro Matsui, Yasuyuki Miyoshi, Isao Date
    Abstract:

    Cell therapy is thought to have a central role in restorative therapy, which aims to restore function to the damaged nervous system. The purpose of this study was to establish an autologous neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation model using adult rats and to compare survival, migration, and Differentiation between this system and allogeneic NSC transplantation. Furthermore, we compared the immunologic response of the host tissue between autologous and allogeneic transplantation. NSCs were removed from the subventricular zone of adult Fischer 344 rats using stereotactic methods. NSCs were expanded and microinjected into normal hippocampus in the autologous brain. Allogeneic NSC (derived from adult Wistar rats) transplantation was performed using the same procedure, and hippocampal sections were analyzed immunohistologically 3 weeks post-transplantation. The cell survival and migration rate were higher for autologous transplantation than for allogeneic transplantation, and the neuronal Differentiation rate in the autologous transplanted cells far exceeded that of allogeneic transplantation. Furthermore, there was less astrocyte and microglia reactivity in the host tissue of the autologous transplantation compared with allogeneic transplantation. These findings demonstrate that immunoreactivity of the host tissue strongly influences cell transplantation in the CNS as the autologous transplantation did not induce host tissue immunoreactivity; the microenvironment was essentially maintained in an optimal condition for the transplanted cells.

Victor A. Soifer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spatial Integration and Differentiation of optical beams in a slab waveguide by a dielectric ridge supporting high-Q resonances.
    Optics Express, 2018
    Co-Authors: Evgeni A. Bezus, Leonid L. Doskolovich, Dmitry A. Bykov, Victor A. Soifer
    Abstract:

    We show that a very simple structure consisting of a single subwavelength dielectric ridge on the surface of a slab waveguide enables spatial Integration and Differentiation of the profile of optical beams propagating in the waveguide. The Integration and Differentiation operations are performed in reflection and in transmission, respectively, at oblique incidence of the beam impinging on the ridge. The implementation of these operations is associated with the resonant excitation of a cross-polarized eigenmode of the ridge. We demonstrate that the quality factor of the resonances strongly varies along the dispersion curves and allows one to achieve the required tradeoff between the Integration (or Differentiation) quality and the amplitude of the resulting beam. The presented rigorous numerical simulation results confirm high-quality Integration and Differentiation. The proposed integrated structure may find application in ultrafast all-optical analog computing and signal processing systems.

Yoshihiko Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • migration Integration and Differentiation of hippocampus derived neurosphere cells after transplantation into injured rat spinal cord
    Neuroscience Letters, 2001
    Co-Authors: Sufan Wu, Miyako Kitaura, Kazuya Kataoka, Masaaki Kitada, Yoshihisa Suzuki, Jun Takahashi, Yoshihiko Nishimura
    Abstract:

    Hippocampus-derived neurospheres were prepared from transgenic rat fetuses expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), and transplanted into an alginate-filled lesion of young rat spinal cord. One, two and four weeks after transplantation, a large number of grafted cells survived, many of which expressed immunoreactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, and a few expressed immunoreactivity for β-tubulin III. The grafted cells closely attached to the host tissue including astrocytes at the border of the lesion. It was notable that numerous GFP-positive cells had migrated within host spinal cord tissue up to 2 mm away from the implanted site 4 weeks postoperation. These results demonstrate that rat fetal hippocampus-derived neurosphere cells could survive, differentiate, extensively migrate, and integrate well into the host spinal cord tissue.

Jean-claude Thoenig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integration and Differentiation Processes
    In Search of Academic Quality, 2015
    Co-Authors: Catherine Paradeise, Jean-claude Thoenig
    Abstract:

    A third major difference between quality regimes relates to how their organisational and governance processes and structures contribute to the internal coordination of differentiated components.

  • Organizational Governance and the Production of Academic Quality: Lessons from Two Top U.S. Research Universities
    Minerva, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jean-claude Thoenig, Catherine Paradeise
    Abstract:

    Does organizational governance contribute to academic quality? Two top research universities are observed in-depth: Berkeley and the MIT. Three key factors are listed that help generate consistent and lasting high performance. Priority is allocated to self-evaluation and to the development of talent. Values and norms such as community membership, commitment to the affectio societatis , mutual respect and trust strongly regulate the behaviors of the faculty. Complex inner organizational processes are at work making Integration and Differentiation compatible. Each of these factors contributes to produce top academic quality in a synergetic way.

  • Organizational governance and the production of academic quality. Lessons from two top US universities
    Minerva, 2014
    Co-Authors: Jean-claude Thoenig, Catherine Paradeise
    Abstract:

    Does organizational governance contribute to academic quality? Two top research universities are observed in-depth: Berkeley and the MIT. Three key factors are listed that help generate consistent and lasting high performance. Priority is allocated to self-evaluation and to the development of talent. Values and norms such as community membership, commitment to the affectio societatis, mutual respect and trust strongly regulate the behaviors of the faculty. Complex inner organizational processes are at work making Integration and Differentiation compatible. Each of these factors contributes to produce top academic quality in a synergetic way.

Nissim Benvenisty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integration and Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells transplanted to the chick embryo
    Developmental Dynamics, 2002
    Co-Authors: Ronald S Goldstein, Micha Drukker, Benjamin Reubinoff, Nissim Benvenisty
    Abstract:

    Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that can differentiate into a large array of cell types and, thus, hold promise for advancing our understanding of human embryology and for contributing to transplantation medicine. In this study, Differentiation of human ES cells was examined in vivo by in ovo transplantation to organogenesis-stage embryos. Colonies of human ES cells were grafted into or in place of epithelial-stage somites of chick embryos of 1.5 to 2 days of development. The grafted human ES cells survived in the chick host and were identified by vital staining with carboxyfluorescein diacetate or use of a green fluorescent protein–expressing cells. Histologic analysis showed that human ES cells are easily distinguished from host cells by their larger, more intensely staining nuclei. Some grafted cells differentiated en masse into epithelia, whereas others migrated and mingled with host tissues, including the dorsal root ganglion. Colonies grafted directly adjacent to the host neural tube produced primarily structures with the morphology and molecular characteristics of neural rosettes. These structures contain differentiated neurons as shown by β-3-tubulin and neurofilament expression in axons and cell bodies. Axons derived from the grafted cells penetrate the host nervous system, and host axons enter the structures derived from the graft. Our results show that human ES cells transplanted in ovo survive, divide, differentiate, and integrate with host tissues and that the host embryonic environment may modulate their Differentiation. The chick embryo, therefore, may serve as an accessible and unique experimental system for the study of in vivo development of human ES cells. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.