The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David E. Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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executive process Interactive Control a unified computational theory for answering 20 questions and more about cognitive ageing
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, Jennifer M Glass, Shane T Mueller, Travis L Seymour, David E. KierasAbstract:Although the effects of ageing on human information processing and performance have been studied extensively, many fundamental questions about cognitive ageing remain to be answered definitively. For example, what are the sources of age-related slowing? How much is working-memory capacity reduced in older adults? Is time-sharing ability lost with age? Answering such questions requires a unified computational theory that characterises the Interactive operations of many component mental processes and integrates diverse data on cognitive ageing. Toward fulfilling this requirement, an executive-process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture has been extended to model performance of both young and older adults. EPIC models yield accurate accounts of ageing effects on reaction times and accuracy in basic dual-task and working-memory paradigms. From these accounts, it appears that time-sharing ability and working-memory capacity decrease relatively little until after 70 years of age. Before age 70, at least som...
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aging and the psychological refractory period task coordination strategies in young and old adults
Psychology and Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Jennifer M Glass, David E. Kieras, Erick J Lauber, Eric H Schumacher, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, David E. MeyerAbstract:The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly Control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older adults use different task-coordination strategies. To test this hypothesis, the executive-process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture was applied to quantify the reaction time data from two PRP experiments conducted with young (age 18-26) and older (age 60-70) adults. The results show that participants' ability to coordinate the processing of two tasks did not decline with age. However, dual-task time costs were greater in the older adults. Three sources for this increase were found: generalized slowing, process-specific slowing, and the use of more cautious task-coordination strategies by the older adults.
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an overview of the epic architecture for cognition and performance with application to human computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Kieras, David E. MeyerAbstract:EPIC (Executive Process-Interactive Control) is a cognitive architecture especially suited for modeling human multimodal and multiple-task performance. The EPIC architecture includes peripheral sensory-motor processors surrounding a production-rule cognitive processor and is being used to construct precise computational models for a variety of human-computer interaction situations. We briefly describe some of these models to demonstrate how EPIC clarifies basic properties of human performance and provides usefully precise accounts of performance speed.
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precis to a practical unified theory of cognition and action some lessons from epic computational models of human multiple task performance
Attention and Performance, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Experimental psychology, cognitive science, and human factors engineering have progressed sufficiently far that a practical unified theory of cognition and action is now foreseeable. Such a theory soon may yield useful quantitative predictions about rapid human multiple task performance in applied settings. Toward this end, an Executive-Process/Interactive-Control (EPIC) architecture has been formulated with components whose assumed properties emulate fundamental perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes. On the basis of EPIC, a theorist may construct detailed computational models that characterize multiple task performance under both laboratory and real world conditions. For example, EPIC computational models provide good accounts of response latencies and accuracies from the psychological refractory period procedure, aircraft cockpit operation, and human computer interaction. As a result, major commonalities in performance across various task domains have been discovered, and efficacious principles for designing person machine interfaces have been identified. The substantive and methodological lessons learned from these advances constitute an instructive precis to further utilitarian theoretical unification.
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a computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple task performance part 2 accounts of psychological refractory period phenomena
Psychological Review, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Further simulations of multiple task performance have been conducted with computational models that are based on the Executive Process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture for human information processing. These models account well for patterns of reaction times and psychological refractory period phenomena (delays of overt responses after short stimulus onset asynchronies) in a variety of laboratory paradigms and realistic situations. This supports the claim of the present theoretical framework that multiple task performance relies on adaptive executive Control, which enables substantial amounts of temporal overlap among stimulus identification, response selection, and movement production processes for concurrent tasks. Such overlap is achieved through optimized task scheduling by flexible executive processes that satisfy prevailing instructions about task priorities and allocate limited capacity perceptual motor resources efficiently.
David E. Kieras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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executive process Interactive Control a unified computational theory for answering 20 questions and more about cognitive ageing
European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, Jennifer M Glass, Shane T Mueller, Travis L Seymour, David E. KierasAbstract:Although the effects of ageing on human information processing and performance have been studied extensively, many fundamental questions about cognitive ageing remain to be answered definitively. For example, what are the sources of age-related slowing? How much is working-memory capacity reduced in older adults? Is time-sharing ability lost with age? Answering such questions requires a unified computational theory that characterises the Interactive operations of many component mental processes and integrates diverse data on cognitive ageing. Toward fulfilling this requirement, an executive-process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture has been extended to model performance of both young and older adults. EPIC models yield accurate accounts of ageing effects on reaction times and accuracy in basic dual-task and working-memory paradigms. From these accounts, it appears that time-sharing ability and working-memory capacity decrease relatively little until after 70 years of age. Before age 70, at least som...
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aging and the psychological refractory period task coordination strategies in young and old adults
Psychology and Aging, 2000Co-Authors: Jennifer M Glass, David E. Kieras, Erick J Lauber, Eric H Schumacher, Eileen L Zurbriggen, Leon Gmeindl, David E. MeyerAbstract:The apparently deleterious effect of aging on dual-task performance is well established, but there is little agreement about the source of this effect. Studies of the psychological refractory period (PRP) indicate that young adults can flexibly Control dual-task performance through task-coordination strategies. Thus, the performance of older adults might differ from young adults because older adults use different task-coordination strategies. To test this hypothesis, the executive-process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture was applied to quantify the reaction time data from two PRP experiments conducted with young (age 18-26) and older (age 60-70) adults. The results show that participants' ability to coordinate the processing of two tasks did not decline with age. However, dual-task time costs were greater in the older adults. Three sources for this increase were found: generalized slowing, process-specific slowing, and the use of more cautious task-coordination strategies by the older adults.
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an overview of the epic architecture for cognition and performance with application to human computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Kieras, David E. MeyerAbstract:EPIC (Executive Process-Interactive Control) is a cognitive architecture especially suited for modeling human multimodal and multiple-task performance. The EPIC architecture includes peripheral sensory-motor processors surrounding a production-rule cognitive processor and is being used to construct precise computational models for a variety of human-computer interaction situations. We briefly describe some of these models to demonstrate how EPIC clarifies basic properties of human performance and provides usefully precise accounts of performance speed.
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precis to a practical unified theory of cognition and action some lessons from epic computational models of human multiple task performance
Attention and Performance, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Experimental psychology, cognitive science, and human factors engineering have progressed sufficiently far that a practical unified theory of cognition and action is now foreseeable. Such a theory soon may yield useful quantitative predictions about rapid human multiple task performance in applied settings. Toward this end, an Executive-Process/Interactive-Control (EPIC) architecture has been formulated with components whose assumed properties emulate fundamental perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes. On the basis of EPIC, a theorist may construct detailed computational models that characterize multiple task performance under both laboratory and real world conditions. For example, EPIC computational models provide good accounts of response latencies and accuracies from the psychological refractory period procedure, aircraft cockpit operation, and human computer interaction. As a result, major commonalities in performance across various task domains have been discovered, and efficacious principles for designing person machine interfaces have been identified. The substantive and methodological lessons learned from these advances constitute an instructive precis to further utilitarian theoretical unification.
-
a computational theory of executive cognitive processes and multiple task performance part 2 accounts of psychological refractory period phenomena
Psychological Review, 1997Co-Authors: David E. Meyer, David E. KierasAbstract:Abstract : Further simulations of multiple task performance have been conducted with computational models that are based on the Executive Process Interactive Control (EPIC) architecture for human information processing. These models account well for patterns of reaction times and psychological refractory period phenomena (delays of overt responses after short stimulus onset asynchronies) in a variety of laboratory paradigms and realistic situations. This supports the claim of the present theoretical framework that multiple task performance relies on adaptive executive Control, which enables substantial amounts of temporal overlap among stimulus identification, response selection, and movement production processes for concurrent tasks. Such overlap is achieved through optimized task scheduling by flexible executive processes that satisfy prevailing instructions about task priorities and allocate limited capacity perceptual motor resources efficiently.
Peer Bork - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactive tree of life itol v3 an online tool for the display and annotation of phylogenetic and other trees
Nucleic Acids Research, 2016Co-Authors: Ivica Letunic, Peer BorkAbstract:Interactive Tree Of Life (http://itol.embl.de) is a web-based tool for the display, manipulation and annotation of phylogenetic trees. It is freely available and open to everyone. The current version was completely redesigned and rewritten, utilizing current web technologies for speedy and streamlined processing. Numerous new features were introduced and several new data types are now supported. Trees with up to 100,000 leaves can now be efficiently displayed. Full Interactive Control over precise positioning of various annotation features and an unlimited number of datasets allow the easy creation of complex tree visualizations. iTOL 3 is the first tool which supports direct visualization of the recently proposed phylogenetic placements format. Finally, iTOL's account system has been redesigned to simplify the management of trees in user-defined workspaces and projects, as it is heavily used and currently handles already more than 500,000 trees from more than 10,000 individual users.
Sung Youll Ahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Interactive visualization of elasto plastic behavior through stress paths and yield surfaces in finite element analysis
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2011Co-Authors: Jae Young Lee, Sung Youll AhnAbstract:This paper proposes a new approach for representing elasto-plastic behavior through graphical visualization of the yield surface and the stress path in the principal stress space. The yield surface is defined by the material parameters of a given yield criterion, and the stress path is formed by a number of stress points, each of which is obtained for every increment in the applied force. The superposed images of the yield surface and the stress path can be used as a tool for interpreting the results of finite element analysis based on the assumed elasto-plastic yield theory. The paper describes how to construct the stress path and the yield surface by following procedures ranging from data extraction to graphical rendering. It suggests a framework for the Interactive Control of visualization and data sampling. Geometric modeling of the yield surface is formulated for various failure criteria that are frequently used in finite element analysis. Examples of stress path and yield surface visualization are presented herein to demonstrate the practical use of this approach. All of the features described in this paper can be implemented easily as a post-processing capability in finite element analysis programs.
Jack Y Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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on a unified architecture for video on demand services
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2002Co-Authors: Jack Y LeeAbstract:Current video-on-demand (VoD)) systems can be classified into two categories: 1) true-Voll) (TVoD) and 2) near-VoD (NVod)). TVoD systems allocate a dedicated channel for every user to achieve short response times so that the user can select what video to play, when to play it, and perform Interactive VCR-like Controls at will. By contrast, NVoD systems transmit videos repeatedly over multiple broadcast or multicast channels to enable multiple users to share a single video channel so that system cost can be substantially reduced. The tradeoffs are limited video selections, fixed playback schedule, and limited or no Interactive Control. TVoD systems can be considered as one extreme where service quality is maximized, while NVoD systems can be considered as the other extreme where system cost is minimized. This paper proposes a novel architecture called Unified VoD) (UVoD) that can be configured to achieve cost-performance tradeoff anywhere between the two extremes (i.e., TVoD and NVoD). Assuming that a video client can concurrently receive two video channels and has local buffers for caching a portion of the video data, the proposed UVoD architecture can achieve significant performance gains (e.g., 400% more capacity for a 500-channel system) over TVoD under the same latency constraint. This paper presents the UVoD architecture, establishes a performance model, and analyzes UVoD's performance via numerical and simulation results.