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Luiz Antonio Gioielli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary Interesterified Fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Luiz Antonio Gioielli, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Gabriela Castilho, Dennys E Cintra, F D Ferreira, Sergio CatanoziAbstract:Abstract Interesterified Fats are currently being used to replace trans Fatty acids. However, their impact on biological pathways involved in the atherosclerosis development was not investigated. Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were fed for 16 weeks on a high-Fat diet (40% energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER). Plasma lipids, lipoprotein profile, arterial lesion area, macrophage infiltration, collagen content and inflammatory response modulation were determined. Macrophage cholesterol efflux and the arterial expression of cholesterol uptake and efflux receptors were also performed. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipid concentrations. Although PALM INTER did not increase plasma cholesterol concentration as much as TRANS, the cholesterol enrichment in the LDL particle was similar in both groups. Moreover, PALM INTER induced the highest IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion from peritoneal macrophages as compared to others. This inflammatory response elicited by PALM INTER was confirmed in arterial wall, as compared to PALM. These deleterious effects of PALM INTER culminate in higher atherosclerotic lesion, macrophage infiltration and collagen content than PALM, STEAR, STEAR INTER and PUFA. These events can partially be attributed to a macrophage cholesterol accumulation, promoted by apoAI and HDL 2 -mediated cholesterol efflux impairment and increased Olr-1 and decreased Abca1 and Nr1h3 expressions in the arterial wall. Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid induce atherosclerosis development by promoting cholesterol accumulation in LDL particles and macrophagic cells, activating the inflammatory process in LDLr-KO mice.
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Chemical interesterification of blends of palm stearin, coconut oil, and canola oil: physicochemical properties.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Fabiana Andreia Schaefer De Martini Soares, Roberta Claro Da Silva, Marcia Hazzan, Isabele Renata Capacla, Elise Raduan Viccola, Jessica Mayumi Maruyama, Luiz Antonio GioielliAbstract:trans-Free Interesterified Fat was produced for possible usage as a margarine. Palm stearin, coconut oil, and canola oil were used as substrates for chemical interesterification. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of blends of palm stearin, coconut oil, and canola oil submitted to chemical interesterification using sodium methoxide as the catalyst. The original and Interesterified blends were examined for Fatty acid composition, softening and melting points, solid Fat content, and consistency. Chemical interesterification reduced softening and melting points, consistency, and solid Fat content. The Interesterified Fats showed desirable physicochemical properties for possible use as a margarine. Therefore, our result suggested that the Interesterified Fat without trans-Fatty acids could be used as an alternative to partially hydrogenated Fat.
Sergio Catanozi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary Interesterified Fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Luiz Antonio Gioielli, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Gabriela Castilho, Dennys E Cintra, F D Ferreira, Sergio CatanoziAbstract:Abstract Interesterified Fats are currently being used to replace trans Fatty acids. However, their impact on biological pathways involved in the atherosclerosis development was not investigated. Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were fed for 16 weeks on a high-Fat diet (40% energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER). Plasma lipids, lipoprotein profile, arterial lesion area, macrophage infiltration, collagen content and inflammatory response modulation were determined. Macrophage cholesterol efflux and the arterial expression of cholesterol uptake and efflux receptors were also performed. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipid concentrations. Although PALM INTER did not increase plasma cholesterol concentration as much as TRANS, the cholesterol enrichment in the LDL particle was similar in both groups. Moreover, PALM INTER induced the highest IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion from peritoneal macrophages as compared to others. This inflammatory response elicited by PALM INTER was confirmed in arterial wall, as compared to PALM. These deleterious effects of PALM INTER culminate in higher atherosclerotic lesion, macrophage infiltration and collagen content than PALM, STEAR, STEAR INTER and PUFA. These events can partially be attributed to a macrophage cholesterol accumulation, promoted by apoAI and HDL 2 -mediated cholesterol efflux impairment and increased Olr-1 and decreased Abca1 and Nr1h3 expressions in the arterial wall. Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid induce atherosclerosis development by promoting cholesterol accumulation in LDL particles and macrophagic cells, activating the inflammatory process in LDLr-KO mice.
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abstract 250 palmitic Interesterified Fat induces atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion in ldl receptor knockout mice
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, Gabriela Castilho, Marisa Passarelli, E R Nakandakare, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Rationale: Interesterified Fat was developed to substitute trans Fat, once several epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrated its harmful effects on cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of these Fats have not yet been completely elucidated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Interesterified Fats containing stearic and palmitic Fatty acids on atherosclerosis development and cytokines secretion from peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLr knockout mice. Protocol: Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=15-20) fed during 16 weeks on a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) enriched with polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (Palm), palmitic Interesterified (Palm Inter), stearic (Stear) or stearic Interesterified (Stear Inter). Analyses: total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, aortic macrophage infiltration (CD68 staining) and atherosclerosis (oil red O), and inflammatory biomarkers secretion were determined. Results: Dietary intake was similar in all groups. Interesterification failed to alter plasma cholesterol concentrations: Palm vs Palm inter (499.2±22.5 vs 526.8±20.7, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (342.6±21.8 vs 363.9±22.5, p>0.05). Similar results were observed for triglycerides: Palm vs Palm inter (309±49 vs 303±33, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (239±28 vs 237±27, p>0.05). As expected, TRANS induced the largest lesion area. However, Palm Inter induced the highest lesion area and macrophage infiltration as compared to Palm, Stear, Stear Inter and PUFA groups. Concerning pro inflammatory cytokines secretion, harmful effects of Palm inter were also observed for IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1. Conclusion: Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid increased pro inflammatory cytokines secretion that contributed to aortic macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis development.
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abstract 207 Interesterified Fat rich in stearic acid increases liver neutrophil and m1 macrophage infiltration and induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Milessa Silva Afonso, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, E R Nakandakare, Dennys E Cintra, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Introduction: Interesterified Fats, rich in saturated Fatty acid, have been used by food industry to replace trans. Palmitic acid is the most common dietary Fat with known deleterious effects. On the hand stearic acid which is consumed in a low amount, has neutral effect on plasma lipids. Unlike vegetable oils, Interesterified Fats contain palmitic or stearic acid in the sn-2 position and the positional compositon of triglicerides may regulate its metabolic Fate. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the liver metabolism of the Interesterified Fats rich in stearic or palmitic Fatty acids. Methods: Weaning LDLr-KO male mice were randomly distributed into five groups fed a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER) during 16 weeks. Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, liver total cholesterol, triglycerides and weight, neutrophil (neutr/area) and classically activated/inflammatory M1(CD11b) infiltrated macrophage were determined. Histological markers of NAFLD activity were assessed. Results: There were no differences in dietary intakes among all groups. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipids concentrations (mg/dL±SD): PALM vs PALM INTER (499.2 ± 81.7 vs 526.8 ± 92.6) and STEAR vs STEAR INTER (342.6 ± 89.9 vs 363.9 ± 90.0). However, PALM and PALM INTER presented higher total plasma cholesterol, and STEAR and STEAR INTER showed total cholesterol concentrations similar to POLI (320.7±47.4). Liver weight, cholesterol and TG contents did not differ among the groups. POLI and STEARIC groups do not elicit NASH (score <3), PALM and PALM INTER presented intermediate stage (score ≤4) between STEARIC/POLI and STEARIC INTER. Nevertheless, STEAR INTER developed NASH (score ≥5), and induce higher neutrophil infiltration (5.53 ±4.1) as compared to all other groups. The M1 macrophage classically activated infiltration was also higher in STEAR INTER group than in all groups as demonstrated by imunofluorescence. Conclusion: STEAR INTER brings on NASH lesion, increased neutrophil and M1 macrophage classically activated/inflammatory infiltration in the liver.
Milessa Silva Afonso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary Interesterified Fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Luiz Antonio Gioielli, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Gabriela Castilho, Dennys E Cintra, F D Ferreira, Sergio CatanoziAbstract:Abstract Interesterified Fats are currently being used to replace trans Fatty acids. However, their impact on biological pathways involved in the atherosclerosis development was not investigated. Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were fed for 16 weeks on a high-Fat diet (40% energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER). Plasma lipids, lipoprotein profile, arterial lesion area, macrophage infiltration, collagen content and inflammatory response modulation were determined. Macrophage cholesterol efflux and the arterial expression of cholesterol uptake and efflux receptors were also performed. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipid concentrations. Although PALM INTER did not increase plasma cholesterol concentration as much as TRANS, the cholesterol enrichment in the LDL particle was similar in both groups. Moreover, PALM INTER induced the highest IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion from peritoneal macrophages as compared to others. This inflammatory response elicited by PALM INTER was confirmed in arterial wall, as compared to PALM. These deleterious effects of PALM INTER culminate in higher atherosclerotic lesion, macrophage infiltration and collagen content than PALM, STEAR, STEAR INTER and PUFA. These events can partially be attributed to a macrophage cholesterol accumulation, promoted by apoAI and HDL 2 -mediated cholesterol efflux impairment and increased Olr-1 and decreased Abca1 and Nr1h3 expressions in the arterial wall. Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid induce atherosclerosis development by promoting cholesterol accumulation in LDL particles and macrophagic cells, activating the inflammatory process in LDLr-KO mice.
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abstract 250 palmitic Interesterified Fat induces atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion in ldl receptor knockout mice
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, Gabriela Castilho, Marisa Passarelli, E R Nakandakare, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Rationale: Interesterified Fat was developed to substitute trans Fat, once several epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrated its harmful effects on cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of these Fats have not yet been completely elucidated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Interesterified Fats containing stearic and palmitic Fatty acids on atherosclerosis development and cytokines secretion from peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLr knockout mice. Protocol: Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=15-20) fed during 16 weeks on a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) enriched with polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (Palm), palmitic Interesterified (Palm Inter), stearic (Stear) or stearic Interesterified (Stear Inter). Analyses: total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, aortic macrophage infiltration (CD68 staining) and atherosclerosis (oil red O), and inflammatory biomarkers secretion were determined. Results: Dietary intake was similar in all groups. Interesterification failed to alter plasma cholesterol concentrations: Palm vs Palm inter (499.2±22.5 vs 526.8±20.7, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (342.6±21.8 vs 363.9±22.5, p>0.05). Similar results were observed for triglycerides: Palm vs Palm inter (309±49 vs 303±33, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (239±28 vs 237±27, p>0.05). As expected, TRANS induced the largest lesion area. However, Palm Inter induced the highest lesion area and macrophage infiltration as compared to Palm, Stear, Stear Inter and PUFA groups. Concerning pro inflammatory cytokines secretion, harmful effects of Palm inter were also observed for IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1. Conclusion: Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid increased pro inflammatory cytokines secretion that contributed to aortic macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis development.
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abstract 207 Interesterified Fat rich in stearic acid increases liver neutrophil and m1 macrophage infiltration and induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Milessa Silva Afonso, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, E R Nakandakare, Dennys E Cintra, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Introduction: Interesterified Fats, rich in saturated Fatty acid, have been used by food industry to replace trans. Palmitic acid is the most common dietary Fat with known deleterious effects. On the hand stearic acid which is consumed in a low amount, has neutral effect on plasma lipids. Unlike vegetable oils, Interesterified Fats contain palmitic or stearic acid in the sn-2 position and the positional compositon of triglicerides may regulate its metabolic Fate. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the liver metabolism of the Interesterified Fats rich in stearic or palmitic Fatty acids. Methods: Weaning LDLr-KO male mice were randomly distributed into five groups fed a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER) during 16 weeks. Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, liver total cholesterol, triglycerides and weight, neutrophil (neutr/area) and classically activated/inflammatory M1(CD11b) infiltrated macrophage were determined. Histological markers of NAFLD activity were assessed. Results: There were no differences in dietary intakes among all groups. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipids concentrations (mg/dL±SD): PALM vs PALM INTER (499.2 ± 81.7 vs 526.8 ± 92.6) and STEAR vs STEAR INTER (342.6 ± 89.9 vs 363.9 ± 90.0). However, PALM and PALM INTER presented higher total plasma cholesterol, and STEAR and STEAR INTER showed total cholesterol concentrations similar to POLI (320.7±47.4). Liver weight, cholesterol and TG contents did not differ among the groups. POLI and STEARIC groups do not elicit NASH (score <3), PALM and PALM INTER presented intermediate stage (score ≤4) between STEARIC/POLI and STEARIC INTER. Nevertheless, STEAR INTER developed NASH (score ≥5), and induce higher neutrophil infiltration (5.53 ±4.1) as compared to all other groups. The M1 macrophage classically activated infiltration was also higher in STEAR INTER group than in all groups as demonstrated by imunofluorescence. Conclusion: STEAR INTER brings on NASH lesion, increased neutrophil and M1 macrophage classically activated/inflammatory infiltration in the liver.
Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary Interesterified Fat enriched with palmitic acid induces atherosclerosis by impairing macrophage cholesterol efflux and eliciting inflammation
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Luiz Antonio Gioielli, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Gabriela Castilho, Dennys E Cintra, F D Ferreira, Sergio CatanoziAbstract:Abstract Interesterified Fats are currently being used to replace trans Fatty acids. However, their impact on biological pathways involved in the atherosclerosis development was not investigated. Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were fed for 16 weeks on a high-Fat diet (40% energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER). Plasma lipids, lipoprotein profile, arterial lesion area, macrophage infiltration, collagen content and inflammatory response modulation were determined. Macrophage cholesterol efflux and the arterial expression of cholesterol uptake and efflux receptors were also performed. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipid concentrations. Although PALM INTER did not increase plasma cholesterol concentration as much as TRANS, the cholesterol enrichment in the LDL particle was similar in both groups. Moreover, PALM INTER induced the highest IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion from peritoneal macrophages as compared to others. This inflammatory response elicited by PALM INTER was confirmed in arterial wall, as compared to PALM. These deleterious effects of PALM INTER culminate in higher atherosclerotic lesion, macrophage infiltration and collagen content than PALM, STEAR, STEAR INTER and PUFA. These events can partially be attributed to a macrophage cholesterol accumulation, promoted by apoAI and HDL 2 -mediated cholesterol efflux impairment and increased Olr-1 and decreased Abca1 and Nr1h3 expressions in the arterial wall. Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid induce atherosclerosis development by promoting cholesterol accumulation in LDL particles and macrophagic cells, activating the inflammatory process in LDLr-KO mice.
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abstract 250 palmitic Interesterified Fat induces atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion in ldl receptor knockout mice
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, Gabriela Castilho, Marisa Passarelli, E R Nakandakare, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Rationale: Interesterified Fat was developed to substitute trans Fat, once several epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrated its harmful effects on cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of these Fats have not yet been completely elucidated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Interesterified Fats containing stearic and palmitic Fatty acids on atherosclerosis development and cytokines secretion from peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLr knockout mice. Protocol: Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=15-20) fed during 16 weeks on a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) enriched with polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (Palm), palmitic Interesterified (Palm Inter), stearic (Stear) or stearic Interesterified (Stear Inter). Analyses: total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, aortic macrophage infiltration (CD68 staining) and atherosclerosis (oil red O), and inflammatory biomarkers secretion were determined. Results: Dietary intake was similar in all groups. Interesterification failed to alter plasma cholesterol concentrations: Palm vs Palm inter (499.2±22.5 vs 526.8±20.7, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (342.6±21.8 vs 363.9±22.5, p>0.05). Similar results were observed for triglycerides: Palm vs Palm inter (309±49 vs 303±33, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (239±28 vs 237±27, p>0.05). As expected, TRANS induced the largest lesion area. However, Palm Inter induced the highest lesion area and macrophage infiltration as compared to Palm, Stear, Stear Inter and PUFA groups. Concerning pro inflammatory cytokines secretion, harmful effects of Palm inter were also observed for IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1. Conclusion: Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid increased pro inflammatory cytokines secretion that contributed to aortic macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis development.
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abstract 207 Interesterified Fat rich in stearic acid increases liver neutrophil and m1 macrophage infiltration and induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Milessa Silva Afonso, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, E R Nakandakare, Dennys E Cintra, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Introduction: Interesterified Fats, rich in saturated Fatty acid, have been used by food industry to replace trans. Palmitic acid is the most common dietary Fat with known deleterious effects. On the hand stearic acid which is consumed in a low amount, has neutral effect on plasma lipids. Unlike vegetable oils, Interesterified Fats contain palmitic or stearic acid in the sn-2 position and the positional compositon of triglicerides may regulate its metabolic Fate. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the liver metabolism of the Interesterified Fats rich in stearic or palmitic Fatty acids. Methods: Weaning LDLr-KO male mice were randomly distributed into five groups fed a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER) during 16 weeks. Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, liver total cholesterol, triglycerides and weight, neutrophil (neutr/area) and classically activated/inflammatory M1(CD11b) infiltrated macrophage were determined. Histological markers of NAFLD activity were assessed. Results: There were no differences in dietary intakes among all groups. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipids concentrations (mg/dL±SD): PALM vs PALM INTER (499.2 ± 81.7 vs 526.8 ± 92.6) and STEAR vs STEAR INTER (342.6 ± 89.9 vs 363.9 ± 90.0). However, PALM and PALM INTER presented higher total plasma cholesterol, and STEAR and STEAR INTER showed total cholesterol concentrations similar to POLI (320.7±47.4). Liver weight, cholesterol and TG contents did not differ among the groups. POLI and STEARIC groups do not elicit NASH (score <3), PALM and PALM INTER presented intermediate stage (score ≤4) between STEARIC/POLI and STEARIC INTER. Nevertheless, STEAR INTER developed NASH (score ≥5), and induce higher neutrophil infiltration (5.53 ±4.1) as compared to all other groups. The M1 macrophage classically activated infiltration was also higher in STEAR INTER group than in all groups as demonstrated by imunofluorescence. Conclusion: STEAR INTER brings on NASH lesion, increased neutrophil and M1 macrophage classically activated/inflammatory infiltration in the liver.
Ana Maria Lottenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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abstract 250 palmitic Interesterified Fat induces atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion in ldl receptor knockout mice
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Milessa Silva Afonso, Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, Gabriela Castilho, Marisa Passarelli, E R Nakandakare, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Rationale: Interesterified Fat was developed to substitute trans Fat, once several epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrated its harmful effects on cardiovascular risk. However, the effects of these Fats have not yet been completely elucidated. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Interesterified Fats containing stearic and palmitic Fatty acids on atherosclerosis development and cytokines secretion from peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLr knockout mice. Protocol: Weaning male LDLr-KO mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=15-20) fed during 16 weeks on a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) enriched with polyunsaturated (PUFA), TRANS, palmitic (Palm), palmitic Interesterified (Palm Inter), stearic (Stear) or stearic Interesterified (Stear Inter). Analyses: total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, aortic macrophage infiltration (CD68 staining) and atherosclerosis (oil red O), and inflammatory biomarkers secretion were determined. Results: Dietary intake was similar in all groups. Interesterification failed to alter plasma cholesterol concentrations: Palm vs Palm inter (499.2±22.5 vs 526.8±20.7, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (342.6±21.8 vs 363.9±22.5, p>0.05). Similar results were observed for triglycerides: Palm vs Palm inter (309±49 vs 303±33, p>0.05); Stear vs Stear inter (239±28 vs 237±27, p>0.05). As expected, TRANS induced the largest lesion area. However, Palm Inter induced the highest lesion area and macrophage infiltration as compared to Palm, Stear, Stear Inter and PUFA groups. Concerning pro inflammatory cytokines secretion, harmful effects of Palm inter were also observed for IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1. Conclusion: Interesterified Fats containing palmitic acid increased pro inflammatory cytokines secretion that contributed to aortic macrophage infiltration and atherosclerosis development.
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abstract 207 Interesterified Fat rich in stearic acid increases liver neutrophil and m1 macrophage infiltration and induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Maria Silvia Ferrari Lavrador, Milessa Silva Afonso, Marcia Kiyomi Koike, Renata P A Bombo, V S Nunes, Sergio Catanozi, E R Nakandakare, Dennys E Cintra, Ana Maria LottenbergAbstract:Introduction: Interesterified Fats, rich in saturated Fatty acid, have been used by food industry to replace trans. Palmitic acid is the most common dietary Fat with known deleterious effects. On the hand stearic acid which is consumed in a low amount, has neutral effect on plasma lipids. Unlike vegetable oils, Interesterified Fats contain palmitic or stearic acid in the sn-2 position and the positional compositon of triglicerides may regulate its metabolic Fate. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the liver metabolism of the Interesterified Fats rich in stearic or palmitic Fatty acids. Methods: Weaning LDLr-KO male mice were randomly distributed into five groups fed a high Fat diet (40% of energy as Fat) containing polyunsaturated (PUFA), palmitic (PALM), palmitic Interesterified (PALM INTER), stearic (STEAR) or stearic Interesterified (STEAR INTER) during 16 weeks. Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, liver total cholesterol, triglycerides and weight, neutrophil (neutr/area) and classically activated/inflammatory M1(CD11b) infiltrated macrophage were determined. Histological markers of NAFLD activity were assessed. Results: There were no differences in dietary intakes among all groups. The interesterification process did not alter plasma lipids concentrations (mg/dL±SD): PALM vs PALM INTER (499.2 ± 81.7 vs 526.8 ± 92.6) and STEAR vs STEAR INTER (342.6 ± 89.9 vs 363.9 ± 90.0). However, PALM and PALM INTER presented higher total plasma cholesterol, and STEAR and STEAR INTER showed total cholesterol concentrations similar to POLI (320.7±47.4). Liver weight, cholesterol and TG contents did not differ among the groups. POLI and STEARIC groups do not elicit NASH (score <3), PALM and PALM INTER presented intermediate stage (score ≤4) between STEARIC/POLI and STEARIC INTER. Nevertheless, STEAR INTER developed NASH (score ≥5), and induce higher neutrophil infiltration (5.53 ±4.1) as compared to all other groups. The M1 macrophage classically activated infiltration was also higher in STEAR INTER group than in all groups as demonstrated by imunofluorescence. Conclusion: STEAR INTER brings on NASH lesion, increased neutrophil and M1 macrophage classically activated/inflammatory infiltration in the liver.