The Experts below are selected from a list of 96 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Michael D. Baron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of Interferon Induction and action by the nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virus ganjam virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
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Inhibition of Interferon Induction and Action by the Nairovirus Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus/Ganjam Virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
Barbara M Holzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of Interferon Induction and action by the nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virus ganjam virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
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Inhibition of Interferon Induction and Action by the Nairovirus Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus/Ganjam Virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
Elke Muhlberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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processing of genome 5 termini as a strategy of negative strand rna viruses to avoid rig i dependent Interferon Induction
PLOS ONE, 2008Co-Authors: Matthias Habjan, Ida Andersson, Jonas Klingstrom, Michael Schumann, Arnold Martin, Petra Zimmermann, Valentina Wagner, Andreas Pichlmair, Urs Schneider, Elke MuhlbergerAbstract:Innate immunity is critically dependent on the rapid production of Interferon in response to intruding viruses. The intracellular pathogen recognition receptors RIG-I and MDA5 are essential for Interferon Induction by viral RNAs containing 5′ triphosphates or double-stranded structures, respectively. Viruses with a negative-stranded RNA genome are an important group of pathogens causing emerging and re-emerging diseases. We investigated the ability of genomic RNAs from substantial representatives of this virus group to induce Interferon via RIG-I or MDA5. RNAs isolated from particles of Ebola virus, Nipah virus, Lassa virus, and Rift Valley fever virus strongly activated the Interferon-beta promoter. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that Interferon Induction depended on RIG-I, but not MDA5, and phosphatase treatment revealed a requirement for the RNA 5′ triphosphate group. In contrast, genomic RNAs of Hantaan virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Borna disease virus did not trigger Interferon Induction. Sensitivity of these RNAs to a 5′ monophosphate-specific exonuclease indicates that the RIG-I-activating 5′ triphosphate group was removed post-transcriptionally by a viral function. Consequently, RIG-I is unable to bind the RNAs of Hantaan virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus and Borna disease virus. These results establish RIG-I as a major intracellular recognition receptor for the genome of most negative-strand RNA viruses and define the cleavage of triphosphates at the RNA 5′ end as a strategy of viruses to evade the innate immune response.
Siddharth Bakshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of Interferon Induction and action by the nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virus ganjam virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
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Inhibition of Interferon Induction and Action by the Nairovirus Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus/Ganjam Virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
Anne Bridgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inhibition of Interferon Induction and action by the nairovirus nairobi sheep disease virus ganjam virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.
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Inhibition of Interferon Induction and Action by the Nairovirus Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus/Ganjam Virus
PLOS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara M Holzer, Siddharth Bakshi, Anne Bridgen, Michael D. BaronAbstract:The Nairoviruses are an important group of tick-borne viruses that includes pathogens of man (Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus) and livestock animals (Dugbe virus, Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV)). NSDV is found in large parts of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent (where it is known as Ganjam virus). We have investigated the ability of NSDV to antagonise the Induction and actions of Interferon. Both pathogenic and apathogenic isolates could actively inhibit the Induction of type 1 Interferon, and also blocked the signalling pathways of both type 1 and type 2 Interferons. Using transient expression of viral proteins or sections of viral proteins, these activities all mapped to the ovarian tumour-like protease domain (OTU) found in the viral RNA polymerase. Virus infection, or expression of this OTU domain in transfected cells, led to a great reduction in the incorporation of ubiquitin or ISG15 protein into host cell proteins. Point mutations in the OTU that inhibited the protease activity also prevented it from antagonising Interferon Induction and action. Interestingly, a mutation at a peripheral site, which had little apparent effect on the ability of the OTU to inhibit ubiquitination and ISG15ylation, removed the ability of the OTU to block the Induction of type 1 and the action of type 2 Interferons, but had a lesser effect on the ability to block type 1 Interferon action, suggesting that targets other than ubiquitin and ISG15 may be involved in the actions of the viral OTU.