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Emmanuel Saez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States*
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child’s income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate research on such mechanisms. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reect
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
American Economic Review, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:Abstract We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the “birth lottery” - t...
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.
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is the united states still a land of opportunity recent trends in Intergenerational Mobility
2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child's income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate future research on such mechanisms.
Nicholas Turner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
American Economic Review, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:Abstract We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the “birth lottery” - t...
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.
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is the united states still a land of opportunity recent trends in Intergenerational Mobility
2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
Raj Chetty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States*
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child’s income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate research on such mechanisms. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reect
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
American Economic Review, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:Abstract We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the “birth lottery” - t...
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.
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is the united states still a land of opportunity recent trends in Intergenerational Mobility
2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child's income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate future research on such mechanisms.
Nathaniel Hendren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States*
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child’s income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate research on such mechanisms. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reect
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
American Economic Review, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:Abstract We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the “birth lottery” - t...
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.
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is the united states still a land of opportunity recent trends in Intergenerational Mobility
2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child's income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate future research on such mechanisms.
Patrick Kline - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States*
The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child’s income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate research on such mechanisms. The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reect
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
American Economic Review, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:Abstract We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the “birth lottery” - t...
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Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.
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is the united states still a land of opportunity recent trends in Intergenerational Mobility
2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas TurnerAbstract:We present new evidence on trends in Intergenerational Mobility in the U.S. using administrative earnings records. We find that percentile rank-based measures of Intergenerational Mobility have remained extremely stable for the 1971-1993 birth cohorts. For children born between 1971 and 1986, we measure Intergenerational Mobility based on the correlation between parent and child income percentile ranks. For more recent cohorts, we measure Mobility as the correlation between a child's probability of attending college and her parents' income rank. We also calculate transition probabilities, such as a child's chances of reaching the top quintile of the income distribution starting from the bottom quintile. Based on all of these measures, we find that children entering the labor market today have the same chances of moving up in the income distribution (relative to their parents) as children born in the 1970s. However, because inequality has risen, the consequences of the "birth lottery" - the parents to whom a child is born - are larger today than in the past.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
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Where is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014Co-Authors: Raj Chetty, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, Emmanuel SaezAbstract:We use administrative records on the incomes of more than 40 million children and their parents to describe three features of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. First, we characterize the joint distribution of parent and child income at the national level. The conditional expectation of child income given parent income is linear in percentile ranks. On average, a 10 percentile increase in parent income is associated with a 3.4 percentile increase in a child's income. Second, Intergenerational Mobility varies substantially across areas within the U.S. For example, the probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 4.4% in Charlotte but 12.9% in San Jose. Third, we explore the factors correlated with upward Mobility. High Mobility areas have (1) less residential segregation, (2) less income inequality, (3) better primary schools, (4) greater social capital, and (5) greater family stability. While our descriptive analysis does not identify the causal mechanisms that determine upward Mobility, the publicly available statistics on Intergenerational Mobility developed here can facilitate future research on such mechanisms.
