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Prasasth Palnati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving higher speeds. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input rate control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routing, to ..
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving lower latencies. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routi..
Emilio Leonardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving higher speeds. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input rate control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routing, to ..
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving lower latencies. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routi..
Fabio Neri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving higher speeds. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input rate control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routing, to ..
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving lower latencies. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routi..
Mario Gerla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving higher speeds. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input rate control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routing, to ..
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Congestion Control in Asynchronous, High-Speed Wormhole Routing Networks
1996Co-Authors: Emilio Leonardi, Fabio Neri, Mario Gerla, Prasasth PalnatiAbstract:High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple Switch architecture for achieving lower latencies. A lightweight Switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an Intermediate Switch, is immediately forwarded to the next Switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several Intermediate Switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. In this paper, we consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, we compare and contrast two different flow control mechanisms, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, we assume either Up/Down routing, or shortest path routing with virtual channels. With deflection routi..
Xueqing Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ctrp3 induces an Intermediate Switch of cd14 cd16 monocyte subset with anti inflammatory phenotype
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Hongtao Zhu, Yuan Ding, Youming Zhang, Xiaojun Ding, Jianfeng Zhao, Weili Ouyang, Junhui Gong, Yuqin Zou, Xueqing LiuAbstract:Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) evokes a temporally coordinated immune response, in which monocytes are critically involved in the clearance of cell debris; however, excessive inflammation induced by the classical sub-population of monocytes frequently limits the endogenous reparative process. In the present study, the potential of the anti-inflammatory adipokine complement C1q tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein-3 (CTRP3) to induce Intermediate Switch of monocytes to an anti-inflammatory phenotype was explored. Circulating monocytes were isolated from patients with AMI at various time-points (3–5 h, 3 days and 7 days) and categorized by flow cytometry/immunostaining into three sub-divisions based on the expression of CD14 and CD16 epitopes: Classical (CD14++/CD16−), non-classical (CD14+/CD16++) and Intermediate populations (CD14++/CD16+). The phagocytic activity was evaluated by the ingestion of FITC-Zymosan and 19F-nanoemulsion and the migratory activity using Thin Cert™ Transwell assay. Monocytes were cultured using autologous serum in the presence of CTRP3 (1 µg/ml) for 24 h and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and TNF-α was quantified by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. In addition, SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK inhibitor, was used to examine the downstream pathways of CTRP3. AMI evoked a transient increase in monocyte counts of the classical subset after onset of the ischemic insult, while the non-classical and Intermediate subsets persistently expanded (P<0.01). The monocytes from patients at 3 days after AMI displayed enhanced phagocytic and migratory activities in comparison with those from healthy volunteers (P<0.01). Of note, addition of CTRP3 induced an Intermediate Switch of monocyte subsets and antagonized the enhanced expression of cytokines, particularly IL-6, in monocytes stressed by lipopolysaccharides, likely by blunting the ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a dynamic fluctuation of monocyte subsets and enhanced phagocytic and migratory activities in patients with AMI. Furthermore, the ‘proof-of-concept’ evidence pinpoints CTRP3 as an alternative candidate to modulate the ‘uncontrolled’ inflammatory response and thus to augment cardiac reparative processes in patients with AMI.