The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Hong Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a theory of organizational dynamics Internal Politics and efficiency
    American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hongbin Cai, Hong Feng, Xi Weng
    Abstract:

    We consider a three-member organization in which one member retires in each period and the incumbent members vote to admit a candidate to fill the vacancy. Candidates differ in quality and belong to one of two types, and majority-type members share the total rent of that period. We characterize the symmetric Markov equilibria with undominated strategies and compare the long-term welfare among them. Unanimity voting is better than majority voting at promoting long-term welfare. In addition, organizations with a certain degree of incongruity perform better in the long run than either harmonious or very divided organizations.

  • a theory of organizational dynamics Internal Politics and efficiency
    Social Science Research Network, 2007
    Co-Authors: Hongbin Cai, Hong Feng
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we develop a stylized model to study how Internal Politics affects an organization's hiring of new members and investigate the implications of the dynamic interactions between Internal Politics and hiring of new members on the organization's long run outcomes and welfare. We consider an organization with a fixed size in which one of the incumbent members retires in each period and the incumbent members vote to admit a candidate to fill the vacancy. Agents differ by quality that is valued equally by every member in the organization. In addition, each agent belongs to one of the two types, where members of the majority type in any period control the rent distribution of the organization and share the total rent of that period among themselves. We characterize the conditions for a Markov equilibrium of the dynamic game, and the long run equilibrium outcome and welfare. Then we solve the model of a three member club with uniformly distributed quality, under both majority and unanimity voting rule in admitting new members. Among other things, we find that "some Politics can be a good thing if it is done right, in that under certain conditions the club achieves greater total welfare in the long run in the presence of Internal Politics than when Internal Politics is absent, if unanimity voting rule is used to admit new members." Moreover, "too much Politics is surely a bad thing, in that the club obtains low welfare in the long run when Politics becomes very intense". In that case, majority voting rule is better than unanimity voting rule because the club can suffer more welfare loss from Politics under unanimity voting.

Jessica P Kaiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cybersecurity in hospitals a systematic organizational perspective
    Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mohammad S Jalali, Jessica P Kaiser
    Abstract:

    Background: Cybersecurity incidents are a growing threat to the health care industry in general and hospitals in particular. The health care industry has lagged behind other industries in protecting its main stakeholder (ie, patients), and now hospitals must invest considerable capital and effort in protecting their systems. However, this is easier said than done because hospitals are extraordinarily technology-saturated, complex organizations with high end point complexity, Internal Politics, and regulatory pressures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and organizational perspective for studying (1) the dynamics of cybersecurity capability development at hospitals and (2) how these Internal organizational dynamics interact to form a system of hospital cybersecurity in the United States. Methods: We conducted interviews with hospital chief information officers, chief information security officers, and health care cybersecurity experts; analyzed the interview data; and developed a system dynamics model that unravels the mechanisms by which hospitals build cybersecurity capabilities. We then use simulation analysis to examine how changes to variables within the model affect the likelihood of cyberattacks across both individual hospitals and a system of hospitals. Results: We discuss several key mechanisms that hospitals use to reduce the likelihood of cybercriminal activity. The variable that most influences the risk of cyberattack in a hospital is end point complexity, followed by Internal stakeholder alignment. Although resource availability is important in fueling efforts to close cybersecurity capability gaps, low levels of resources could be compensated for by setting a high target level of cybersecurity. Conclusions: To enhance cybersecurity capabilities at hospitals, the main focus of chief information officers and chief information security officers should be on reducing end point complexity and improving Internal stakeholder alignment. These strategies can solve cybersecurity problems more effectively than blindly pursuing more resources. On a macro level, the cyber vulnerability of a country’s hospital infrastructure is affected by the vulnerabilities of all individual hospitals. In this large system, reducing variation in resource availability makes the whole system less vulnerable—a few hospitals with low resources for cybersecurity threaten the entire infrastructure of health care. In other words, hospitals need to move forward together to make the industry less attractive to cybercriminals. Moreover, although compliance is essential, it does not equal security. Hospitals should set their target level of cybersecurity beyond the requirements of current regulations and policies. As of today, policies mostly address data privacy, not data security. Thus, policy makers need to introduce policies that not only raise the target level of cybersecurity capabilities but also reduce the variability in resource availability across the entire health care system. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(5):e10059]

  • cybersecurity in hospitals a systematic organizational perspective
    2018
    Co-Authors: Mohammad S Jalali, Jessica P Kaiser
    Abstract:

    Background: Cybersecurity incidents are a growing threat to the health care industry in general and hospitals in particular. The health care industry has lagged behind other industries in protecting its main stakeholder (ie, patients), and now hospitals must invest considerable capital and effort in protecting their systems. However, this is easier said than done because hospitals are extraordinarily technology-saturated, complex organizations with high end point complexity, Internal Politics, and regulatory pressures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and organizational perspective for studying (1) the dynamics of cybersecurity capability development at hospitals and (2) how these Internal organizational dynamics interact to form a system of hospital cybersecurity in the United States. Methods: We conducted interviews with hospital chief information officers, chief information security officers, and health care cybersecurity experts; analyzed the interview data; and developed a system dynamics model that unravels the mechanisms by which hospitals build cybersecurity capabilities. We then use simulation analysis to examine how changes to variables within the model affect the likelihood of cyberattacks across both individual hospitals and a system of hospitals. Results: We discuss several key mechanisms that hospitals use to reduce the likelihood of cybercriminal activity. The variable that most influences the risk of cyberattack in a hospital is end point complexity, followed by Internal stakeholder alignment. Although resource availability is important in fueling efforts to close cybersecurity capability gaps, low levels of resources could be compensated for by setting a high target level of cybersecurity. Conclusions: To enhance cybersecurity capabilities at hospitals, the main focus of chief information officers and chief information security officers should be on reducing end point complexity and improving Internal stakeholder alignment. These strategies can solve cybersecurity problems more effectively than blindly pursuing more resources. On a macro level, the cyber vulnerability of a country’s hospital infrastructure is affected by the vulnerabilities of all individual hospitals. In this large system, reducing variation in resource availability makes the whole system less vulnerable—a few hospitals with low resources for cybersecurity threaten the entire infrastructure of health care. In other words, hospitals need to move forward together to make the industry less attractive to cybercriminals. Moreover, although compliance is essential, it does not equal security. Hospitals should set their target level of cybersecurity beyond the requirements of current regulations and policies. As of today, policies mostly address data privacy, not data security. Thus, policy makers need to introduce policies that not only raise the target level of cybersecurity capabilities but also reduce the variability in resource availability across the entire health care system.

Hongbin Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a theory of organizational dynamics Internal Politics and efficiency
    American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Hongbin Cai, Hong Feng, Xi Weng
    Abstract:

    We consider a three-member organization in which one member retires in each period and the incumbent members vote to admit a candidate to fill the vacancy. Candidates differ in quality and belong to one of two types, and majority-type members share the total rent of that period. We characterize the symmetric Markov equilibria with undominated strategies and compare the long-term welfare among them. Unanimity voting is better than majority voting at promoting long-term welfare. In addition, organizations with a certain degree of incongruity perform better in the long run than either harmonious or very divided organizations.

  • a theory of organizational dynamics Internal Politics and efficiency
    Social Science Research Network, 2007
    Co-Authors: Hongbin Cai, Hong Feng
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we develop a stylized model to study how Internal Politics affects an organization's hiring of new members and investigate the implications of the dynamic interactions between Internal Politics and hiring of new members on the organization's long run outcomes and welfare. We consider an organization with a fixed size in which one of the incumbent members retires in each period and the incumbent members vote to admit a candidate to fill the vacancy. Agents differ by quality that is valued equally by every member in the organization. In addition, each agent belongs to one of the two types, where members of the majority type in any period control the rent distribution of the organization and share the total rent of that period among themselves. We characterize the conditions for a Markov equilibrium of the dynamic game, and the long run equilibrium outcome and welfare. Then we solve the model of a three member club with uniformly distributed quality, under both majority and unanimity voting rule in admitting new members. Among other things, we find that "some Politics can be a good thing if it is done right, in that under certain conditions the club achieves greater total welfare in the long run in the presence of Internal Politics than when Internal Politics is absent, if unanimity voting rule is used to admit new members." Moreover, "too much Politics is surely a bad thing, in that the club obtains low welfare in the long run when Politics becomes very intense". In that case, majority voting rule is better than unanimity voting rule because the club can suffer more welfare loss from Politics under unanimity voting.

Mohammad S Jalali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cybersecurity in hospitals a systematic organizational perspective
    Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mohammad S Jalali, Jessica P Kaiser
    Abstract:

    Background: Cybersecurity incidents are a growing threat to the health care industry in general and hospitals in particular. The health care industry has lagged behind other industries in protecting its main stakeholder (ie, patients), and now hospitals must invest considerable capital and effort in protecting their systems. However, this is easier said than done because hospitals are extraordinarily technology-saturated, complex organizations with high end point complexity, Internal Politics, and regulatory pressures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and organizational perspective for studying (1) the dynamics of cybersecurity capability development at hospitals and (2) how these Internal organizational dynamics interact to form a system of hospital cybersecurity in the United States. Methods: We conducted interviews with hospital chief information officers, chief information security officers, and health care cybersecurity experts; analyzed the interview data; and developed a system dynamics model that unravels the mechanisms by which hospitals build cybersecurity capabilities. We then use simulation analysis to examine how changes to variables within the model affect the likelihood of cyberattacks across both individual hospitals and a system of hospitals. Results: We discuss several key mechanisms that hospitals use to reduce the likelihood of cybercriminal activity. The variable that most influences the risk of cyberattack in a hospital is end point complexity, followed by Internal stakeholder alignment. Although resource availability is important in fueling efforts to close cybersecurity capability gaps, low levels of resources could be compensated for by setting a high target level of cybersecurity. Conclusions: To enhance cybersecurity capabilities at hospitals, the main focus of chief information officers and chief information security officers should be on reducing end point complexity and improving Internal stakeholder alignment. These strategies can solve cybersecurity problems more effectively than blindly pursuing more resources. On a macro level, the cyber vulnerability of a country’s hospital infrastructure is affected by the vulnerabilities of all individual hospitals. In this large system, reducing variation in resource availability makes the whole system less vulnerable—a few hospitals with low resources for cybersecurity threaten the entire infrastructure of health care. In other words, hospitals need to move forward together to make the industry less attractive to cybercriminals. Moreover, although compliance is essential, it does not equal security. Hospitals should set their target level of cybersecurity beyond the requirements of current regulations and policies. As of today, policies mostly address data privacy, not data security. Thus, policy makers need to introduce policies that not only raise the target level of cybersecurity capabilities but also reduce the variability in resource availability across the entire health care system. [J Med Internet Res 2018;20(5):e10059]

  • cybersecurity in hospitals a systematic organizational perspective
    2018
    Co-Authors: Mohammad S Jalali, Jessica P Kaiser
    Abstract:

    Background: Cybersecurity incidents are a growing threat to the health care industry in general and hospitals in particular. The health care industry has lagged behind other industries in protecting its main stakeholder (ie, patients), and now hospitals must invest considerable capital and effort in protecting their systems. However, this is easier said than done because hospitals are extraordinarily technology-saturated, complex organizations with high end point complexity, Internal Politics, and regulatory pressures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a systematic and organizational perspective for studying (1) the dynamics of cybersecurity capability development at hospitals and (2) how these Internal organizational dynamics interact to form a system of hospital cybersecurity in the United States. Methods: We conducted interviews with hospital chief information officers, chief information security officers, and health care cybersecurity experts; analyzed the interview data; and developed a system dynamics model that unravels the mechanisms by which hospitals build cybersecurity capabilities. We then use simulation analysis to examine how changes to variables within the model affect the likelihood of cyberattacks across both individual hospitals and a system of hospitals. Results: We discuss several key mechanisms that hospitals use to reduce the likelihood of cybercriminal activity. The variable that most influences the risk of cyberattack in a hospital is end point complexity, followed by Internal stakeholder alignment. Although resource availability is important in fueling efforts to close cybersecurity capability gaps, low levels of resources could be compensated for by setting a high target level of cybersecurity. Conclusions: To enhance cybersecurity capabilities at hospitals, the main focus of chief information officers and chief information security officers should be on reducing end point complexity and improving Internal stakeholder alignment. These strategies can solve cybersecurity problems more effectively than blindly pursuing more resources. On a macro level, the cyber vulnerability of a country’s hospital infrastructure is affected by the vulnerabilities of all individual hospitals. In this large system, reducing variation in resource availability makes the whole system less vulnerable—a few hospitals with low resources for cybersecurity threaten the entire infrastructure of health care. In other words, hospitals need to move forward together to make the industry less attractive to cybercriminals. Moreover, although compliance is essential, it does not equal security. Hospitals should set their target level of cybersecurity beyond the requirements of current regulations and policies. As of today, policies mostly address data privacy, not data security. Thus, policy makers need to introduce policies that not only raise the target level of cybersecurity capabilities but also reduce the variability in resource availability across the entire health care system.

Mark Aspinwall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • international integration or Internal Politics anatomy of a single market measure
    Journal of Common Market Studies, 1995
    Co-Authors: Mark Aspinwall
    Abstract:

    The question of who is responsible for integrative outcomes has bedevilled scholars since the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952. Theories of integration from international relations focus on the influence of the state, and how that may be eroded by non-governmental and supranational actors. Comparatives, on the other hand, have applied lessons from domestic Politics to the integration process. This is an attempt to bridge the two through a detailed case study of one Single Market measure: the first stage of a Common Shipping Policy (CSP). Shipping, while extremely important economically, is a relatively obscure sector politically. Pressure groups, therefore, are important sources of motivation for both Member States and the supranational institutions. A number of independent variables leading to agreement on the policy are spelled out, and a tentative hypothesis is offered to explain the conditions under which interstate cleavages are superseded by inter-group cleavages, leading to the sort of bargaining one sees in a domestic polity.