The Experts below are selected from a list of 129 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
And Peter Zimmermann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the uniqueness of the child father attachment relationship fathers sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16 year longitudinal study
Social Development, 2002Co-Authors: Karin Grossmann, Klaus E Grossmann, Elisabeth Fremmerbombik, Heinz Kindler, Hermann Scheuererenglisch, And Peter ZimmermannAbstract:This longitudinal study of forty-four families explored fathers’ as compared to mothers’ specific contribution to their children's attachment representation at ages 6, 10, and 16 years. In toddlerhood, fathers’ and mothers’ play sensitivity was evaluated with a new assessment, the sensitive and challenging interactive play scale (SCIP). Fathers’ SCIP scores were predicted by fathers’ caregiving quality during the first year, were highly consistent across 4 years, and were closely linked to the fathers’ own Internal Working Model of attachment. Qualities of attachment as assessed in the Strange Situation to both parents were antecedents for children's attachment security in the Separation Anxiety Test at age 6. Fathers’ play sensitivity and infant–mother quality of attachment predicted children's Internal Working Model of attachment at age 10, but not vice versa. Dimensions of adolescents’ attachment representations were predicted by fathers’ play sensitivity only. The results confirmed our main assumption that fathers’ play sensitivity is a better predictor of the child's long-term attachment representation than the early infant–father security of attachment. The ecological validity of measuring fathers’ sensitive and challenging interactive play behavior as compared to infant proximity seeking in times of distress is highlighted. Findings are discussed with respect to a wider view on attachment in that both parents shape their children's psychological security but each in his or her unique way.
Sheila Kerr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attachment and selective attention disorganization and emotional stroop reaction time
Development and Psychopathology, 2009Co-Authors: Leslie Atkinson, Eman Leung, Susan Goldberg, Diane Benoit, Lori Poulton, Natalie Myhal, Kirsten Blokland, Sheila KerrAbstract:Although central to attachment theory, Internal Working Models remain a useful heuristic in need of concretization. We compared the selective attention of organized and disorganized mothers using the emotional Stroop task. Both disorganized attachment and emotional Stroop response involve the coordination of strongly conflicting motivations under conditions of emotional arousal. Furthermore, much is known about the cognitive and neuromodulatory correlates of the Stroop that may inform attempts to substantiate the Internal Working Model construct. We assessed 47 community mothers with the Adult Attachment Interview and the Working Model of the Child Interview in the third trimester of pregnancy. At 6 and 12 months postpartum, we assessed mothers with emotional Stroop tasks involving neutral, attachment, and emotion conditions. At 12 months, we observed their infants in the Strange Situation. Results showed that: disorganized attachment is related to relative Stroop reaction time, that is, unlike organized mothers, disorganized mothers respond to negative attachment/emotion stimuli more slowly than to neutral stimuli; relative speed of response is positively related to number of times the dyad was classified disorganized, and change in relative Stroop response time from 6 to 12 months is related to the match-mismatch status of mother and infant attachment classifications. We discuss implications in terms of automatic and controlled processing and, more specifically, cognitive threat tags, parallel distributed processing, and neuromodulation through norepenephrine and dopamine.
James S Chisholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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attachment and time preference relations between early stress and sexual behavior in a sample of american university women
Human Nature, 1999Co-Authors: James S ChisholmAbstract:This paper investigates hypotheses drawn from two sources: (1) Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper’s (1991) attachment theory Model of the development of reproductive strategies, and (2) recent life history Models and comparative data suggesting that environmental risk and uncertainty may be potent determinants of the optimal tradeoff between current and future reproduction. A retrospective, self-report study of 136 American university women aged 19–25 showed that current recollections of early stress (environmental risk and uncertainty) were related to individual differences in adult time preference and adult sexual behavior, and that individual differences in time preference were related to adult attachment organization and sexual behavior. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that perceptions of early stress index environmental risk and uncertainty and mediate the attachment process and the development of reproductive strategies. On this view individual differences in time preference are considered to be part of the attachment theoretical construct of an Internal Working Model, which itself is conceived as an evolved algorithm for the contingent development of alternative reproductive strategies.
Alison Mary Kemp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a systematic review of the emotional behavioural and cognitive features exhibited by school aged children experiencing neglect or emotional abuse
Child Care Health and Development, 2015Co-Authors: Sabine Ann Maguire, B Williams, A Naughton, Laura Cowley, Vanessa Tempest, M Mann, M Teague, Alison Mary KempAbstract:Background Interventions to minimize the long-term consequences of neglect or emotional abuse rely on prompt identification of these children. This systematic review of world literature (1947–2012) identifies features that children aged 5–14 years experiencing neglect or emotional abuse, as opposed to physical or sexual abuse, may exhibit. Methods Searching 18 databases, utilizing over 100 keywords, supplemented by hand searching, 13,210 articles were identified and 111 underwent full critical appraisal by two independent trained reviewers. Results The 30 included studies highlighted behavioural features (15 studies), externalizing features being the most prominent (8/9 studies) and Internalizing features noted in 4/6 studies. Four studies identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated features: impulsivity, inattention or hyperactivity. Child difficulties in initiating or developing friendships were noted in seven studies. Of 13 studies addressing emotional well-being, three highlighted low self-esteem, with a perception of external control (1), or depression (6) including suicidality (1). A negative Internal Working Model of the mother increased the likelihood of depression (1). In assessing cognition or academic performance, lower general intelligence (3/4) and reduced literacy and numeracy (2) were reported, but no observable effect on memory (3). Conclusions School-aged children presenting with poor academic performance, ADHD symptomatology or abnormal behaviours warrant assessment of neglect or emotional abuse as a potential underlying cause.
Karin Grossmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the uniqueness of the child father attachment relationship fathers sensitive and challenging play as a pivotal variable in a 16 year longitudinal study
Social Development, 2002Co-Authors: Karin Grossmann, Klaus E Grossmann, Elisabeth Fremmerbombik, Heinz Kindler, Hermann Scheuererenglisch, And Peter ZimmermannAbstract:This longitudinal study of forty-four families explored fathers’ as compared to mothers’ specific contribution to their children's attachment representation at ages 6, 10, and 16 years. In toddlerhood, fathers’ and mothers’ play sensitivity was evaluated with a new assessment, the sensitive and challenging interactive play scale (SCIP). Fathers’ SCIP scores were predicted by fathers’ caregiving quality during the first year, were highly consistent across 4 years, and were closely linked to the fathers’ own Internal Working Model of attachment. Qualities of attachment as assessed in the Strange Situation to both parents were antecedents for children's attachment security in the Separation Anxiety Test at age 6. Fathers’ play sensitivity and infant–mother quality of attachment predicted children's Internal Working Model of attachment at age 10, but not vice versa. Dimensions of adolescents’ attachment representations were predicted by fathers’ play sensitivity only. The results confirmed our main assumption that fathers’ play sensitivity is a better predictor of the child's long-term attachment representation than the early infant–father security of attachment. The ecological validity of measuring fathers’ sensitive and challenging interactive play behavior as compared to infant proximity seeking in times of distress is highlighted. Findings are discussed with respect to a wider view on attachment in that both parents shape their children's psychological security but each in his or her unique way.